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인간은 몸 없이도 존재할 수 있는가?: 인간 커넥톰 프로젝트의 기본 가정에 대한 비판적 고찰
송형석 ( Song¸ Hyeongseok ) 한국체육학회 2021 한국체육학회지 Vol.60 No.2
이 연구의 목적은 ‘인간은 몸 없이도 존재할 수 있다’는 인간 커넥톰 프로젝트의 기본 가정을 비판적으로 검토하는 것이다. 이 가정은 ‘인간의 마음은 뇌세포들의 연결성이 만들어낸 현상’이며, ‘과학기술은 인간의 뇌세포 연결성을 완벽하게 밝혀낼 수 있고’, ‘밝혀낸 뇌세포 연결성을 수와 함수로 이루어진 알고리즘으로 만들어 컴퓨터에 업로드하면 마음이 출현할 것’이라는 세 가지 하위 가정으로 세분화될 수 있다. 첫째 하위 가정은 ‘뇌세포 연결성 형성과 마음 출현의 관계에 있어서 우연성의 문제’와 ‘마음 형성에 있어서 뇌와 뇌 이외 몸 부위의 상호관련성 문제’를 고려하지 않고 있다는 점에서 논리적 근거가 약하다. 둘째 하위 가정은 약 7000개 정도에 불과한 예쁜꼬마선충의 뇌세포 연결망 규명 사례를 100조개에 달하는 인간의 뇌세포 연결망 규명 가능성에 대한 근거로 삼고 있다는 점에서 논리의 비약이라고 할 수 있다. 셋째 가정은 수와 함수로 이루어진 커넥톰 알고리즘과 살아있는 인간 커넥톰의 차이를 충분히 고려하지 않고 양자를 동일시하고 있다는 점에서 논리의 비약이라고 할 수 있다. 연구자는 이러한 이유에서 ‘인간이 몸이 없이도 존재할 수 있다’는 인간 커넥톰 프로젝트의 기본 가정은 설득력이 약하며, 현실화되기 어렵다고 결론지었다. The purpose of this study is to critically review the basic assumptions of the Human Connectome Project that state ‘humans can exist without a body’. This assumption can be divided into three sub-assumptions: first, the human mind is a phenomenon created by the connectivity of human brain cells; second, modern technology can perfectly reveal the connectivity of human brain cells; and third, if the algorithm of the brain cell connectivity could be upload to a computer, then the mind will emerge in the computer. The first sub-presumption is logically weak in that it does not consider 1) a contingent relationship between the emergence of the mind and the formation of brain cell connectivity and 2) an interrelationship between the brain and the rest of the body in the formation of the mind. The second hypothesis can be said to be a logical leap as it uses the cases of the brain cell network identification of C-elegances, which consists of only about 7,000 synapses, as the logical basis for the claim that 100 trillion human brain cell networks can be fully identified. The third assumption can be said to be a logical leap in that it equates the connectome algorithm composed of numbers and functions with the connectome of living humans. For this reason, the researcher concluded that the basic assumption of the Human Connectome Project that ‘humans can exist without a body’ is weak and difficult to actualize.
Discursive Functions of the Free Morpheme ish
정형석(Hyeongseok Jeong) 한국사회언어학회 2018 사회언어학 Vol.26 No.2
Jeong, Hyeongseok. 2018. “Discursive Functions of the Free Morpheme ish 1) ”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 26(2). 37~62. This study aims to explore the corpus data of the free morpheme ish with special reference to its discursive functions. Derived from suffix - ish , ish develops as a free morpheme denoting a sense of approximation. On its way to broadening its functions, ish not only approximates the propositional meaning, but also hedges the speaker s attitude towards the proposition. The semantics of ish indicates that the degree is slightly below the standard, but data show that this is not always the case. Contextual factors play a part in determining the degree of ish . By thoroughly analyzing data from the corpora, I focus on the functions of the ish in the discourse level, and the role of the surrounding context in differing scale of the free morpheme ish . Moreover, I introduce the punctuation marks occurring with the use of ish in written examples by focusing on the characteristics of each punctuation mark.
Hyeongseok Jeon,Keung Nyun Kim 대한척추신경외과학회 2015 Neurospine Vol.12 No.3
C5 palsy is a common complication after cervical decompressive surgery, which have 0 to 30% complication rate. A 61-year-old female patient with cervical spondylotic myelopathy showed bilateral C5 palsy following circumferential decompression and fusion. Unexpectedly, bilateral C5 palsy was noted in different time points on postoperative day 2 and 8, respectively. Steroid injection and physical therapy were performed, and her motor function is recovering. Surgeons should make an effort to prevent possible C5 palsy when performing cervical decompression surgery.
Evaluation of ricin vaccine efficacy by adjuvant combination
Hyeongseok Yun,Chi-Ho Yu,Dong-Hyun Song,Hae-Eun Joe,Young-Jo Song,Seong Tae Jeong,Gyeung-Haeng Hur 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7
Ricin is a water soluble glycoprotein extracted from the seeds of the castor oil plant which is highly toxic and has been used for assassination. Ricin is toxic by irreversibly hydrolysis of adenine in eukaryotic 28S ribosomal RNA which is involved in protein synthesis. In this study, we evaluated efficacy of the ricin vaccine which is under development according to adjuvants and adjuvants combination. When the R51 ricin vaccine was administered in ICR mouse in dose of 1 μg/head mixed with aluminum hydroxide, 100% survival rate was observed against 20 x LD50 ricin toxin. However, when TLR agonist, such as flagellin, CpG oligodeoxynucleotide or lipopolysaccharide, was used as an adjuvant, the efficacy of the vaccine was lower than that of aluminum hydroxide. We also observed that survival rates and antibody titer do not differ in aluminum hydroxide adjuvant or combination of aluminum hydroxide and other TLR agonist at 3rd vaccination. Interestingly, when the aluminum hydroxide and flagellin mixture was used as an adjuvant, antibody titer was 13-fold higher than aluminum hydroxide adjuvant at 2nd vaccination and the titer was comparable as 3rd vaccination. These data suggest that sufficient ricin defense can be obtained with 2nd administration when the aluminum hydroxide and flagellin combination was used as ricin vaccine adjuvant.