濟州道 中山間地帶에 있어서 폴리에틸렌 필름 被覆및 播種期 移動이 참깨의 生産性에 미치는 影響

姜炯式,吳現道 濟州大學校 亞熱帶農業硏究所 1992 亞熱帶農業硏究 Vol.9 No.-

濟州道 中山間 地帶의 참깨 栽培에 있어서 polyethylene film 被覆과 播種期 移動이 主要形質 및 收量에 미치는 影響을 究明하고자 "삼다깨'을 共試하여 試驗한 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 참깨를 被覆 栽培할 경우 無被覆에 비해 出芽日數, 開花日數, 生育日數는 短縮效果가 있었고 播種期 間에는 早播할수록 길어지는 傾向이었다. 2. 草長, 分枝數, 莖直徑, 主莖節數 등을 被覆區가 無被覆區에 비해 높게 나타냈으며, 播種期 移動에 있어서도 被覆區에서 草長은 5月 10日 播種, 分枝數, 主莖節數, 莖直徑은 4月 30日 播種에서 가장 높게 나타났고, 無被覆에서는 草長은 早播할수록 增加하고 莖直徑과 主莖節數는 5月 10日 播種에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 3. 株莖着朔節數, 朔長, 朔幅, 着朔部位長은 被覆區에서 다소 높게 나타났지만 거의 有意性이 인정되지 않았고 播種期 間에는 大體的으로 有意性이 없는데 반해 油分含量은 無被覆區에서 다소 높게 나타났다. 4. 種實收量은 被覆區에서 30%의 增收 效果가 있었고, 播種期 間에도 收量은 被覆區에서는 4月 30日 播種, 無被覆區에서는 5月 10日 播種에서 가장 높게 나타났으며 株當朔數도 같은 傾向이었다. This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of transparent polyethylene film mulching and different planting date on growth and yield of sesame (Sesame indicum L. cv. Samdage) in mid-mountain area of Cheju do. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Polyethylene film mulching shortened days to emergence, flowering and maturity. The later the planting, the shorter days to emergence, flowering and maturity. 2. Plant height, no. of branches, no. of nodes of main stem, and stem diameter were also much increased by polyethylene film mulching. When sesame was grown under polyethylene film mulching, plant height was greatest at May 10 planting and on. of branches, no. of nodes of main stem, and stem diameter were greatest at April 30 planting. When sesame was grown under non-mulching, the later planting, the taller plant height and the fewer no. of branches. No. of nodes of main stem and stem diameter were greatest at May 10 planting. 3. No. of nodes of capsules setting on main stem, capsule width, capsule length and length of capsule setting position were not significantly affected by polyethylene film mulching. Oil content was slightly decreased by polyethylene film mulching. 4. Polyethylene film mulching increased seed yield by 30%. Seed yield was highest at April 30 planting under polyethylene film mulching and highest at May 10 planting under non-mulching.

정모두부방사선사진에서 하악골 우각부 영상확대 및 이의 보정에 관한 3차원 CT영상 연구

황현식,,은춘선,황정현,임회정 대한치과교정학회 2005 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.35 No.4

두부방사선규격사진은 작은 크기의 방사선원에서 방사상으로 방사선이 퍼져나감으로써 피사체의 확대와 왜곡이 불가피하다는 단점이 있다. 본 연구는 두 장의 방사선사진을 서로 직각으로 촬영한 후 방사선의 기하학적 성질을 이용하여 좌우 우각부간 폭경을 계산할 경우 실제 폭경의 산출이 가능한지 알아보고자 시행되었다. 성인 40명을 연구대상으로 하여 두부자세재현기를 이용하여 측모두부방사선사진과 정모두부방사선사진을 서로 직각으로 촬영한 후 측모사진과 정모사진에서의 확대율을 이용하여 실제 우각부 폭경을 산출한 다음, 계측치 및 산출치를 3차원 CT영상에서의 계측치와 각각 비교 분석하였다. 연구결과 정모두부방사선사진에서 우각부 폭경은, 작게는 7.92 mm 크게는 11.31 mm까지. 평균 9.10 mm의 확대를 보였다. 측모 및 정모두부방사선사진을 이용하여 얻은 우각부 폭경 보정치를 3차원 CT영상에서 얻은 기준치와 비교한 결과 평균 0.14 mm의 작은 오차를 보였으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않아 측모 및 정모두부방사선사진 촬영 시 두부자세재현기를 이용하여 서로 직각으로 촬영할 경우 실제 우각부 폭경을 계산을 통해 산출할 수 있음을 보여주었다. 한편 이부편위량과 보정오차는 통계적으로 유의한 상관성을 보이지 않아 안면비대칭이 심한 경우에도 본 보정 방법이 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 보여주었다. Enlargement is an inherent property of X-rays which occurs when straight lines diverge from small a focal spot. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the valldity of the correction of gonial angle width enlarged on frontal cephalogram, using frontal and lateral cephalograms taken orthogonally from each other. In 40 adult individuals, frontal and lateral cephalograms were taken at a 90℃ angle using the Head Posture Aligner. The angle width was measured on the frontal cephalogram and subsequently, the corrected angle width was calculated using the magnification rate of two cephalograms. Measured and corrected angle widths were compared with the measurement from the 3D CT image. The measurement on the frontal cephalogram showed a 9.10 mm of enlargement on average, ranging from 7.92 to 11.31 mm. Corrected angle width measurement showed a 0.14 mm difference with the 3D CT image measurement, which was not statistically significant. The results of the study indicate that actual angle width can be approached through calculation using frontal and lateral cephalograms taken orthogonally with the help of the Head Posture Aligner. The study also showed that the magnitude of correction error did not show a significant correlation with the amount of menton deviation, and it suggests that the present correction method is valid even in individuals with severe facial asymmetry.

인공타액하에서 수종 교정선의 마찰력에 관한 실험적 연구

황현식,박영철 대한치과교정학회 1989 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.19 No.1

Translational movement along an arch wire requires sufficient force to overcome frictional forces between bracket and arch wire. The orthodontist must appreciat the importance of friction in this process, and study out the influencing factors on the level of friction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of artificial saliva on frictional resistances generated between he bracket and arch wire. Independent variables of this study were arch wire material, angulation and environment. Static frictional forces of cobalt-chromium, heat-treated cobalt-chromium, beta-titanium, stainless steel wires were measured under non-angulated dry, angulated dry, non-angulated saliva, angulated saliva conditions. The results were as follows: 1. Stainless steel wires showed lower friction values in non-angulated dry condition, and heat-treated cobalt chromium wires showed higher friction values in angulated dry condition. Higher friction values were showed in order of cobalt-chromium, and were showed in order of stainless steel, cobalt-chromium, heat-treted cobalt-chromium, beta-titanium wires under dry condition. 2. Angulation increased friction for stainless steel wires in under dry condition. 3. Artificial saliva decreased friction for cobalt-chromium wires and increased friction for stainless steel wires under non-angulated condition. 4. Artificial saliva decreased friction for all wores except beta-titanium wires under angulated condition. 5. Regardless of angulation or environment, heat-treated cobalt-chromium and beta-titanium wires showed higher friction values, and stainless steel wires showed lower friction values.

월견초 종자추출물 투여에 의한 생체면역 반응 억제 및 그 기전

강현구,유형근,신형식 圓光大學校 1993 論文集 Vol.27 No.2

Recently, essential fatty acids(EPA) have started commanding clincal interest. Their vast possibilities for therapeutic use make basic knowledge of their chemical nature and physiologic significance a necessity. EPAs are important not only in themselves but also as precursors of other polyunsaturayed fatty acids. Evaing primrose extract(EPE) is a naturally occurring rich source of EPA especially linoleic and gamma-linolenic acid which are biosynthetic precursors of prostaglandins(PG). SO gamma-linolenic acid in the form of particular variety of EPE has been extensively reported of value in the treatment of various disorders resulting from the abnormalities of EPA. However, surprisingly little has been done to develope and exploit EPE’s immunomodulating properties. Moreover, the mechanisms of EPE action on ommune function has not been elucidated. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of EPE on the cellular and humoral immunr responses of mice, and to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the immunomodulating action of EPE. Mice sensitized with ?? SRBC were injected with EPE(1mg/mouse,ip) for 4 days before SRBC, and/or with cholesterol(CHO,10mg/mouse,sc) on day O of SRBC, or with indomethacin(an inhibitor of PG-synthetase, IDM, 0.15mg/mouse,ip) on day-1 and O of SRBC, and challenged with a dose of ?? SRBC on day 4 of sensitization. The effect of EPE on immune response and the effect of CHO and IDM on EPE-induced immunosuppression were evaluated by measuring the footpad sweelling reaction and antibody response to SRBC. EPE itself did not influence arthus reaction but remarkably reduced delayed type hypersesitivity(DTH) and antibody production in comparison with the corresponding control. While CHO slightly increased Arthus reaction and DTH but it somewhat decreased antibody responses. IDM significantly enhanced both cellular and humoral immune response. And when CHO or IDM was administered into mice in combination with EPE, both of them significantly blocked the immunosuppressive activities of EPE at the almost same degree. Taken together, the present study revealed that EPE iteslf has immunosuppressive principle, and that this nonspecific immune-inhibitory effect of EPE might be manifested partially via the decrement of the CHO-levels and partially via the enhancement of PG synthesis.

2차원 방사선 규격사진에서 하악골 상행지 고경의 보정분석에 관한 3차원 CT 영상 연구

황현식,김형민,이기헌,임회정 대한치과교정학회 2007 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.37 No.5

안면비대칭 환자의 진단 및 치료계획 수립 시 하악골 상행지 고경의 좌우 차이를 정확히 판정하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구는 2차원 방사선사진에서 정면 상행지경사도 및 측면 상행지경사도를 이용하여 하악골 상행지 고경을 보정하는 방법이 비대칭 판정에 도움이 되는지 알아보고자 시행되었다. 이부 편위가 있는 안면비대칭자 40명을 대상으로 정모두부방사선규격사진을 촬영하고 좌우 각각의 하악골 상행지 고경을 측정하는 한편 정모 및 측모 방사선사진에서 계측된 정면 상행지 경사도 및 측면 상행지 경사도를 이용하여 상행지 고경을 3차원적 개념으로 보정한 후, 실제 3차원 영상에서의 비대칭 판정 결과와 비교 분석을 시행하였다. 측정결과, 정면 및 측면 상행지 경사도는 이부편위측에 비하여 반대측에서 크게 나타났으며 보정 후 상행지 고경의 좌우 차이는 증가하는 양상을 나타내었다. 보정 전 그리고 보정 후 각각에서 상행지 고경의 좌우비대칭 여부를 판정한 후, 3차원 영상에서의 판정을 기준으로 하여 보정에 따른 sensitivity, specificity 그리고 accuracy 변화를 살펴본 결과, specificity는 44%에서 22%로 감소하였으나 sensitivity는 74%에서 94%로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 accuracy가 보정 전 68%에서 보정 후 78%로 증가하는 것으로 나타나 정면 및 측면 상행지 경사도를 이용하여 상행지 고경을 3차원적 개념으로 보정할 경우, 이는 보다 정확한 비대칭 판정에 유용함을 보여주었다. Objective: Defining right and left side differences in mandibular ramus height is one of the key elements in the diagnosis of facial asymmetry. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of correction of ramus height with frontal and lateral ramal inclinations (FRI and LRI) in 2-dimensional cephalograms and observe how this affects the diagnostic accuracy of asymmetry. Methods: Frontal and lateral cephalograms were obtained in 40 individuals with chin deviation. FRI and LRI were measured on each side and ramus height measurement was corrected with these inclinations using Pythagorean's theorem. The results of diagnosis before and after correction on cephalograms were compared with the results in 3D CT images. Results: Both FRI and LRI showed greater values in the contralateral side than in the chin-deviated side and these contributed to an increase in the right and left side ramus height differences. After comparison of diagnostic results before and after correction on cephalograms with the results on 3D CT images, the sensitivity increased significantly (from 74 to 94 %) whereas the specificity decreased (from 44 to 22 %). Overall accuracy increased from 68 to 78% with the correction using FRI and LRI. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that correction of ramus height with FRI and LRI is useful for an accurate diagnosis of facial asymmetry on frontal cephalograms.

낭종성 법랑아세포종으로 변위된 매복치의 외과적-교정적 치료

황현식,김현혜,김종철 대한치과교정학회 1997 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.27 No.3

하악 좌측 부위 부종을 주소로 내원한 10세 남환이 낭종성 법랑아세포종으로 진단되었다. 외과적 술식으로 조대술을 시행한 후 근심 매복되었던 제1재구치는 helical spring으로 인위적 맹출을 시행한 반면, 심하게 하방 변위되었던 제2소구치는 자연적 맹출을 기대하였다. 비교적 간단한 교정치료와 교합유도에 의해 양호한 영구치 교합이 확립되었다. The purpose of this case report is to provide the information of the treatment of the impacted-displaced teeth associated with the disease in the jaw. A 10-year-old boy presented with a large radiolucent lesion accompanying the displacement of the second premolar and first molar in the left mandibular body area. The lesion was diagnosed as unicystic ameloblastoma. As a surgical procedure for the present case, marsupialization was executed. For the eruption of displaced impacted teeth, no orthodontic intervention was done for second premolar while a helical spring was used for the forced eruption of first molar. good occlusion was established by simple orthodontic intervention.

골결손과 치주질환 유도 후 성견 절치의 실험적 함입이동시 치주조직의 반응

황현식,박양수,최홍란 대한치과교정학회 1998 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.28 No.3

치주질환에 이환된 성인환자에서 상악전치의 치간공간과 아울러 정출이 발생된 경우 기능 및 심미의 회복을 위해서는 함입이동이 필요하다. 본 연구는 골하치주낭 즉, 수직적 골결손이 있는 절치의 함입이동시 치주조직 반응을 살펴보기 위하여 시행되었다. 상악 좌우 측절치에 골결손과 함께 치주질환을 유발시킨 성견 4마리를 실험대상으로 하여 양측 모두에 치주수술을 시행하고 결손부 최하방 치근면에 notch를 형성한 2주후 우측 제2측절치는 4주간 함입이동 후 4주간 보정을 시행한 실험측으로, 좌측 제2측절치는 구강위생관리만 시행한 대조측으로 사용한 바 조직소견을 통하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 함입이동없이 치주수술만 시행한 대조측의 조직소견은 치주낭 깊이의 감소를 보였으나 notch 부위부터 치주낭 기저부까지 긴 접합상피 상태를 보였으며 신생백악질이 형성된 일부에서만 결합조직 부착의 양상이 보였다. 2. 함입이동을 시행한 실험측은 대조측에 비하여 상피부착이 줄어든 반면 보다 넓은 신생 결합조직 부착 소견을 나타내었다. 3. 대조측과는 달리 실험측 notch 근처의 결합조직내에는 다수의 세포가 관찰되었으며, 신생 백악질 생성 역시 대조측 보다 많이 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과는 치주질환으로 인하여 정출된 치아에서도 철저한 염증조절과 구강위생이 유지되고 적절한 크기의 힘에 의하여 순수한 함입이동이 적용된다면 바람직한 치료결과가 가능함을 시사하였다. While periodontal disease results in the extrusion of upper incisors with interdental spacing in adult patient, the intrusive movement should be executed for the rehabilitation in terms of esthetics and function. The present study was performed to investigate the periodontal response following orthodontic intrusion of teeth with infrabony pocket. Bone defect and periodontal disease were produced adjacent to the both maxillary second lateral incisors in four adult dogs. Four weeks later, a flap operation was performed to eliminate inflammation and a reference notch was made on the root surface at the level of bottom of each defect. Two weeks after periodontal surgery, 4 weeks of intrusion and subsequent another 4 weeks of retention was executed on the right side of incisors while left incisors served as the control. Through the histologic analysis, following results were obtained. 1. Histologic section of control side showed the reduction of pocket depth after flap operation. However, the status of long junctional epithelium was observed while new connective tissue attachment occurred in a small area adjacent newly formed cementum. 2. Epithelial attachment was less around the intruded incisor while new connective tissue attachment was much more compared to the control side. 3. Plenty of cells were observed in the connective tissue around the reference notch of the intruded incisor and the degree of the new cementum formation was higher in the intruded incisor than the control. The results of the present study suggested that an orthodontic intrusion of periodontally involved and extruded incisors could be carried out with a desirable periodontal response, provided that inflammation is under control.

안면비대칭자의 하악골 악교정수술 후 정면 연조직 변화 예측을 위한 연구

황현식,Lee, Jessica J.,황정현,최학희,임회정 대한치과교정학회 2008 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.38 No.4

본 연구는 안면비대칭 환자의 악교정수술 시 경조직 이동에 따른 연조직 변화를 정면에서 평가함으로써 정면 얼굴 이미지 시뮬레이션 프로그램 개발에 도움이 되고자 시행되었다. 안면비대칭이 동반된 하악골 수술 예정 환자 45명을 대상으로 정모 두부방사선규격사진과 얼굴사진(photo)을 술전 및 술후에 각각 같은 각도로 촬영한 후, 술전 및 술후의 방사선사진을 이용하여 경조직 계측점의 변화를, 얼굴사진을 이용하여 연조직 계측점의 변화를 수평 및 수직으로 구분하여 각각 측정한 후 경조직 변화에 따른 연조직 변화를 비교 분석하였다. 연조직 변화와 경조직 변화의 상관성을 살펴본 결과 수평 방향, 수직 방향 모두에서 전반적으로 낮은 상관성을 보였으며, 1:1 mean ratio 산출을 위하여 서로 상관성이 가장 높은 경조직 계측점을 연조직 계측점별로 선택한 결과 직하방에 있는 경조직보다는 다소 멀리 떨어져 있는 경조직 계측점이 선택되는 경우가 많이 나타났다. 경조직 변화를 이용하여 연조직 변화를 예측할 수 있는 회귀방정식을 연조직 계측점별로 산출한 결과 연조직 수평변화 예측에 경조직 수직변화도 사용되고 연조직 수직변화 예측에 경조직 수평변화도 사용되었으며, 수평과 수직변화 모두에서 가장 설명력이 높은 방정식은 연조직 menton에서 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과 하부 경조직 계측점과 상부 연조직 계측점의 비율을 이용하는 1:1 mean ratio방법은 불가능한 것으로 나타난 반면 회귀분석을 이용한 연조직 변화 예측은 임상에 도움이 될 수 있는 것으로 나타나 정면 이미지의 경우 컴퓨터를 이용한 시뮬레이션 프로그램이 반드시 필요함을 시사하였다. Objective: To aid the development of a frontal image simulating program, we evaluated the soft tissue frontal changes in relationship to movement of hard tissue with orthognathic surgery of facial asymmetry patients. Methods: Preoperative and postoperative frontal cephalograms and frontal view photographs of 45 mandibular surgery patients with facial asymmetry were obtained in a standardized manner. Vertical and horizontal changes of hard tissue and soft tissue were measured from cephalograms and photographs, respectively. Soft tissue change in result to hard tissue change was then analyzed. Results: Both vertical and horizontal correlation analysis showed a weak relationship between the changes. Hard tissue points that were picked for 1:1 mean ratio with soft tissue points did not show any significant relevance. For each soft tissue change, regressive equation was formulated by stepwise multiple regression analysis, and the equation for soft tissue Menton was most reliable in predicting changes. Both vertical and horizontal hard tissue changes were used together in prediction of vertical or horizontal soft tissue change. Conclusions: The results suggest that computerized image simulation using regression analysis may be of help for prediction of soft tissue change, while 1:1 mean ratio method is not useful.

교정치료후 안정성에 미치는 교합의 영향

황현식 대한치과교정학회 1989 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.19 No.2

We tend to consider only static occlusion such as molar relationship, canine key, and inter-digitation at finishing stage. Of course, this static occlusion is important for post-orthodontic stability. But we should remember that mandible is always on the move during its various functions. If no pressure or too much pressure is put on during its functions, untoward tooth movement could occur. And tooth mobility, periodontitis, wear facet, bruxism, and far worse temporomandibular disorder could occur. After many studies have been done on what is a desirable occlusal scheme to strenghten postorthodontic stability, today, "mutually protective occlusion" is recommended. If an orthodontist does not have understanding about this occlusal scheme during ortodontic treatment, the following conditions will be resulted after orthodontic treatment. I. Centric discrepancy 1. centric prematurity 2. sunday bite 3. molar fulcrum II. Eccentric discrepancy 1. posteriot interference 2. anterior interference If we have deep understanding about these discrepancies that can happen after orthodontic treatment and their causes, corrections, and especially preventions against them, post-orthodontic stability could be strengthened and further temporomandibular disorder could be prevented.

치아돌출이 부착치은 폭경에 미치는 영향

황현식,김종철,김정문 대한치과교정학회 1998 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.28 No.1

치아돌출정도가 부착치은 폭경에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 치주상태가 양호한 성인 중 하악 전치부에 다소의 총생이 있는 37명을 대상으로 하악의 인상채득 후 석고모형을 제작한 다음 각 하악 절치의 상대적 및 절대적 돌출정도를 측정하고 임상치관 고경, 치주낭 깊이, 각화 및 부착지은 폭경와 비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 비돌출측에 비하여 돌출측은 각화치은 및 부착치은 폭경이 작게 나타났다. 2. 돌출측의 임상치관 고경은 비돌출측보다 유의하게 크게 나타났으나 치주낭 깊이는 돌출측과 비돌출측간의 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 3. 돌출측과 비돌출측간의 부착치은 폭경차이는 중절치보다 측절치에서 더욱 뚜렷이 나타났다. 4. 절대적 돌출도보다 상대적 돌출도가 부착지은 폭경과 더 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. 5. 돌출도보다 임상치관고경이 부착치은 폭경과 더 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of incisor protrusion on the mucogingival parameters including the width of attached gingiva. Thirty-seven young adults with lower anterior crowding were selected for this study. From the study model, the degrees of relative and absolute protrusions were measured for each lower incisor. Clinical crown height, the width of keratinized gingiva, probing depth and the width of attached gingiva were measured with digital vernier calipers and Florida Probe System. Through comparing the difference of the above measurements between protruded and non-protruded incisors, and correlation analysis between each measurement, following results were obtained: 1. The protruded incisor showed narrow width of keratinized and attached gingive comparing to non-protruded incisor. 2. The protruded incisor showed greater clinical crown height comparing to non-protruded side while there was no difference in the probing depth between protruded and non-protruded side. 3. The difference in the width of attached gingiva between protruded and non-protruded incisors showed higher significance in the lateral incisor than in the central incisor. 4. The degree of relative protrusion showed higher correlation with the width of attached gingiva than the degree of absolute protrusion. 5. Clinical crown height showed higher correlation with the width of attached gingiva than the degree of protrusion.