The Ongoing Monophthongization of 'ii' in Seoul Korean: A Sociophonological Account

Hyeon-Seok Kang 한국음운론학회 1999 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.5 No.1

Kang, Hyeon-Seok. 1999. The Ongoing Monophthongization of 'ii' in Seoul Korean: A Sociophonological Account. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 5, 25-58. This paper examines the current status of 'ii', the only remaining one among the six Middle Korean falling diphthongs. Supporting the suggestions by Kim-Renaud (986) and Y.C. Chung (1991), this article shows that this diphthong is also monophthongizing following the paths of the other falling diphthongs. It is also shown through quantitative evidence that the monophthongization of this diphthong involves not one diachronic change but three different changes. It is suggested that the monophthongization of 'ii' was mainly triggered by the structural pressure to eliminate the only remaining falling diphthong in contemporary Korean. This structural explanation is phonologically formalized within the Optimality Theory expanded by the notion of 'variable ranking' (Reynolds ]994). The phonological account also shows why the changes are under way as they are. (Kaya University)

올레산의 비율에 따른 아데노신의 경피 투과의 영향

남현빈,정세진,구민석,오예진,김용민,이훈희,윤수정,임정균 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 2021 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.27 No.2

In addition to the development of functional cosmetics, technology to increase percutaneous absorption rate when applied to the skin is an important task. In this experiment, oleic acid was used as a skin absorption promoter, and its effect on transdermal permeability of adenosine was studied and analyzed using a skin-like membrane. As a result of the experiment, it was investigated that the permeability coefficient and concentration of adenosine are proportional to the content of oleic acid. This indicates that a high proportion of oleic acid is effective as a skin absorption promoter.

극치통계해석을 이용한 Al 2424-T3합금의 피로강도설계에 관한연구

조석주,예규현,주원식 東亞大學校 大學院 1997 大學院論文集 Vol.22 No.-

The fracture of a structure, machine, machine part comes of surface micro-crack initiated and propagated at the root notch, where the actual stress is high. Irregular distribution characteristics of micro-crack on the basis of elastic-plastic fracture mechanics doesn't predict exactly remaining life of them. It is thought that maximum micro-crack length represents the total fatigue damage because fatigue can be characterized as a progressive failure phenomenon that proceeds by the propagation and coalescence of micro-cracks to an unstable size. The maximum micro-crack length in an area larger than the sample area can by estimated by statistics of extremes. Therefore, the remaining life of components can be accurately predicted using the distribution of micro-crack length in critical area and the fatigue model.

Microseal??을 이용한 근관충전법의 근관폐쇄능력 평가

유현미,오태석,황혜경 大韓齒科保存學會 1998 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.23 No.2

전기도금을 이용한 스테인레스스틸 각형 선재의 굵기 증가 후 물성 변화

이정석,황현식,최광철,문재동 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2002 구강과학 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical applications of electroplating method through investigation of the physical properties of orthodontic rectangular wires according to varying their cross section. For the study, it was accomplished to electroplate the 0.016-inched orthodontic rectangular stainless steel wire. The cross section of stainless steel orthodontic rectangular wire increased from 0.016 X 0.016 inch to 0.017 X 0.017 inch by electroplating. The wire was heat treated to improve an adhesion between the wire and electroplated metal. A three-point bending test and torsion test were conduced in order to compare physical properties among three wire groups; 0.016 X 0.016 wires(group 016P) and 0.017 X 0.017 wires(group 017). Through the investigations of each wire group, following results were obtained. 1. At three-point bending test, the group 016P showed higher tendency in the degree of stiffness, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength than the group 016. Stiffness and ultimate tensile strength showed statistically significant differences between two groups at three-point bending test(p<0.05). 2. Stiffness, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength of the group 016P showed lower tendency than those of the group 017. Stiffness showed statistically significant differences between two groups at three-point bending test(p<0.05). 3. Torque/twist rate, yield torsional moment, and ultimate torsional moment of the group 016P showed higher tendency than those of the group 016. All measurements showed statistically significant differences between two groups after torsion test(p<0.05). 4. Torque/twist rate, yield torsional moment, and ultimate torsional moment of the group 016P showed lower tendency than those of the group 017. Yield torsional moment, and ultimate torsional moment showed statistically significant differences between two groups after torsion test(p<0.05). Xylitol is a 5-carbons carbohydrate, which can be replaced with sucrose for preventing caries. The replication of Streptococcus mutans and its formation of artificial plaque were studied in the media containing xylitol. The combined effect of xylitol and other carbohydrates on Streptococcus mutans was also studied. The replication of Streptococcus mutans was inhibited according to the increased concentration of xylitol. Streptococcus mutans replicated at the initial stage of incubation in the media contaning glucose, fructose or lactose, while replication from the beginning of incubation in the media containing fructose as combining with xylitol. The formation of artificial plaque by Streptococcus mutans was significantly reduced in the media containing with xylitol and fructose. These results indicated that the replication of Streptococcus mutans was inhibited according to the increased concentration of xylitol, and the formation of artificial plaque by Streptococcus mutans was significantly inhibited in the media containing xylitol and fructose.

상행성 운동마비와 보행 실조로 발현한 비전신성 혈관염성 신경병증 1예

김현석,김성민,권기한,이병철,신준현,강인수 대한노인병학회 1999 Annals of geriatric medicine and research Vol.3 No.4

주파수의존 근관장 측정기가 습윤한 근관내에서 근첨을 인지하게 되는 원리에 관한 연구

오태석,유현미,박한수 大韓齒科保存學會 1998 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.23 No.2

교정치료 시 브라켓 부착 및 제거에 따른 치아색 변화

김석필,황인남,조진형,황현식 대한치과교정학회 2006 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.36 No.2

본 연구는 교정용 브라켓 부착을 위한 레진 접착부위 및 그 인접부위 즉, primer만 도포된 부위의 색변화를 알아보기 위하여 시행되었다. 교정치료를 위해 발치된 60개의 건전한 소구치를 재료로 사용하여 분광측정기로 색을 측정한 후 CIE L*a*b* 색표계로 기록하였다. 20개의 소구치에 광중합형 접착레진으로 브라켓을 부착한 후 부착 전과 제거 후의 색을 측정하였으며 다른 20개의 소구치에는 primer만 도포하고 도포 전과 도포 후의 색을 측정한 후, L* 값을 이용하여 명암 변화를 살펴본 결과 브라켓 부착 및 primer 도포 모두의 경우 명도가 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, a* 값과 b* 값을 이용하여 색상 변화를 살펴본 결과 황색이 증가하는 양상을 나타내었다. 또한 측정된 L*a*b* 값을 이용하여 색변화를 산출하고 임상적으로 인지할 수 있는 색변화 값 3.7을 기준치로 하여 비교 및 분석을 시행한 결과 브라켓 부착 전과 제거 후의 색변화는 기준치보다 큰 것으로 나타났으며 primer 도포에 따른 색변화는 기준치보다 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 한편 primer만 도포한 경우 칫솔질에 따른 색변화를 알아보고자 나머지 20개의 소구치를 대조로 하여 칫솔질을 시행한 결과 칫솔질 시행 후 색변화는 기준치보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 브라켓 제거 후 자연광 노출의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 모든 경우에 추가적으로 photoaging을 시행한 결과 부기적인 색변화는 기준치보다 작은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 교정치료를 위한 브라켓 부착으로 인해 브라켓 부착 및 인접부위의 치아색 변화가 있음을 의미하며 임상과정에서 이에 대한 고려가 필요함을 시사하였다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tooth color changes of resin bonding sites and their adjacent sites on orthodontic bracket bonding. Sixty extracted sound premolars were used and the tooth color was recorded according to the CIE L*a*b* color system using a spectrophotometer. The tooth colors of the twenty premolars were measured and compared before bracket bonding and after removal. On a further twenty premolars, the tooth color was measured before and after only primer application. In the change of L* values, according to the bracket bonding and primer application, the lightness was decreased, and in the change of a* and b* values, the color was changed into a more yellowish color. The color differences (ΔE*) were calculated from the L*a*b* values and compared with the standard value of clinical detection (ΔE*=3.7). The color differences between before the bracket bonding and after removal noted exceeded the standard value and those of between before and after the primer application were not larger than the standard value. Tooth brushing was performed after application of the primer to evaluate the color changes according to the primer abrasion. As a control, toothbrushing was performed on the last twenty premolars. The color differences noted were larger than the standard value after toothbrushing. Also, to evaluate the color changes of the tooth which is exposed to sun irradiation after bracket removal, additional photoaging was performed and the color was measured for all teeth. The additional color differences after photoaging were smaller than the standard value. The above results suggest that the tooth color changes after fixed orthodontic treatment.

De Rham 理論

千錫鉉 공주대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 1990 과학교육연구 Vol.22 No.1

We have defined the De Rham cohomology groups H??(X,d) for a smooth manifold X. These groups came from a sequence of maps. C??(X,∧??(X))→C??(X∧??(X))→C??(X,∧??(X)) and H??(X,d)=Ker d/Im d. We saw that the dime,nsion of H??(X,d) measured the number of connected components of X,and we saw, at least for the circle X=S¹, that the dimension of H¹(X,d) measured the number of "holes" in X. We shall now develop similar groups for simplical complexes. We shall study a sequence of maps. C??→C??→C?? where each C?? is an abelian group and where ??=0. Then homology groups H?? will be difined by H??=Z??/B??, where Z??=Ker ??:C??→C?? and B??=I??:C??→C??. An element of Z?? will be geometrically a "chain" of ℓ-simplices without boundary. An element of B?? will be geometrically a boundary of a chain of (ℓ+1)-simplices. The boundary of a 1-simplex(v??,v??)will be the sum of the 0-simplices v?? and V₁ with appropriate signs attached. Similarly, the boundary of a 2-simplex(v??,v₁,v₂)will be an appropriate linear combination of its edges (v??.v₁), (v₁,v₂) and (v₂,v??). The goal of this paper is to show that for smoothly triangulated manifolds (X,K.h), the De Rham cohomology of X is isomorphic to the simplical cohomology of K. For this, we shall need the following facts about barycentric coordinates. Recall that we have previously discussed the barycentric coodinates of a point relative to the vertices of a simplex containing it. Now we extend this concept.

香氣療法에 사용되는 精油의 本草學的 接近

박지현,김종대,강석봉 동서의학사 2001 동서의학 Vol.26 No.3