< 몽유도원도 >의 심미(審美)와 창신(創新)에 관한 도교 미학적 고찰

권현희 ( Hyeon Hee Kwon ) 한국미학예술학회 2016 美學·藝術學硏究 Vol.47 No.-

본 논문은 조선 초기 안견의 <몽유도원도>에 내재된 유가, 도가의 심미(審美)의식의 창신(暢神)에 의해 구도의 재창조와 동시에 무한 초월된 우주공간을 재현하여 공간개념에서 양식창신(創新)한 도가 미학적 관점을 고찰한다. <몽유도원도>는 도가 미학적 관점의 허와 무의 관념수용에 의해 유가의 삼원 관념의 해체와 탈피, 그리고 장자미학의 소요유에 의한 무한 초월된 우주공간의 확대에 의해 구도와 공간개념에서 양식 창신된 것이다. 현실과 이상세계, 도원입구, 도원의 네무더기의 경물들은 흩어져 마치 분리된 듯, 서로 시각적 조화와 이동 시점의 변화를 이루어 대각선 또는 사선구도와 한국적 심미특색이 있는 넓고 시원하게 확대된 공간개념을 강조한다. 이것은 <몽유도원도>가 장자의 심미 관념인 허정과 자연무위정신, 그리고 심재와 좌망을 통해 유의 자유로운 정신과 정신수양을 추구하였다는 사실을 드러낸다. 이것은 또한 도가 미학적 요소인 허와 실과 유와 무의 대비, 그리고 무한과 무궁개념이 구도와 공간개념의 재창조에도 결정적으로 기여한 것이라는 사실 역시 표출한 것이다. 본 연구는 <몽유도원도>가 도가의 이상과 유가의 현실이라는 대립적인 자연관을 배태하고 있음에도 불구하고, 상호조화를 이루고 있다는 사실, 그리고 특히 도가적 무의 심미의식은 구도 뿐 아니라 공간개념의 확대에도 중요한 영향을 주었다는 사실을 고찰한다. <몽유도원도>는 도가적 심미 관점의 수용결과로서 첫째, 장자 미학의 핵심인 허정과 도의 산수 관념을 함축한다. 유가미학의 도덕적 규범으로서의 자연관을 바탕으로 하고 있음에도 불구하고, 유가의 규범에서 벗어난 도가적 도의 체득과 정신수양이 강조된 것이다. 둘째, 노장의 은일과 와유사상, 특히 무위자연의 심미의식을 내포한다. 셋째, 장자미학의 심재와 좌망을 통한 유의 자유정신과 소요유의 정신적 자유의 심미의식과 무궁한 공간관념을 드러낸다. 이러한 요소들은 <몽유도원도>가 도가 미학적 요소의 커다란 영향 하에 완성된 작품이라는 사실의 예시가 된다. The purpose of this study is to examine how aesthetics based on the ideas of ‘ri’, ‘do’ and ‘eui’, which originated from the philosophies of Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism and the Zen sect, influenced ‘jeonsin’ and ‘euigyeong’ aesthetics found in <Mongyu Dowondo> painted by Ahn Gyeon in the early Joseon period, and artistic backgrounds behind which the influencing factors were formed. < Mongyu Dowondo > has the aesthetic characteristics of ‘jeonsin’ and ‘euigyeong’, respectively based on the idea of ‘ri’ from the circles of yuantihua in the North Song period and that of ‘eui’ from the circles of literary painting. In other words, the traditional landscape painting shows an aesthetic fusion of the ideas of ‘ri’ and ‘do’ from Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism and the Zen sect. The Confucian idea of ‘ri’ was the starting point of the vision of nature that oriented unity between heaven, earth, nature and man. In the North Song Period, the vision of the universe or universal ontology from neo-Confucianism and the artistic spirit of ‘ri’ fused with each other, forming the aesthetics of ‘jeonsin’. The aesthetics of the Zen-sect, or that of ‘sim’ often implied in literary painting greatly contributed to the aesthetic spirit of ‘saeui’. This study first clarifies the Confucian visions of nature and the universe both of which made the biggest contribution to the aesthetics of < Mongyu Dowondo >. Next, the study considers the aesthetic characteristics of universal ontology from neo-Confucianism of the North Song period, Taoistic vision of nature in the South Song period and artistic spirits reflected in a later variation of that ontology. Furthermore, this study investigates ‘saeui’ aesthetics based on Kwak Hee``s ideas of ‘won’ and ‘ri’, which were the key to aesthetics dominant in the North Song period, and ‘saeui’ aesthetics of literary painting, to which the Zen sect of the Win period contributed. This study conducts a few analyses in the following. Noting that Confucian aesthetics created ethical ontology and the visions of nature and the universe, all of which were based on the idea of unity between heaven, earth, nature and man, and that universal ontology from neo-Confucianism since the period of North Song influenced the idea of enormous space, suggested by the Geobi school of the same period, and then landscape painting, above all, the study analyzes the visions of nature and the universe from Confucianism and neo-Confucianism. By the way, the vision of the universe was changed by the period of South Song when neo-Confucianism of North Song gave way to Taoistic aesthetics whose vision of nature and spirit of art, both of which were based on the idea of the above mentioned unity, removed the idea of enormous space. In addition, the study analyzes Taoism-based aesthetic characteristics and art spirits since contrasts between truth and falsehood and between existence and nonexistence, found in the vision of the universe, had lots of effects on the creation of paintings. Finally, this study investigates the aesthetic characteristics of ‘jeonsin’ and ‘saeui’ since < Mongyu Dowondo > has aspects of ‘euigyeong’ aesthetics, associated with the aesthetic sense of ‘won’ as the key to North Song’s art theory-based aesthetics and has aspects of ‘saeui’ aesthetics in which the idea of ‘eui’ from the theory of literary painting, influenced by the Zen sect-based aesthetics of the Win period, reflected.

어머니의 사회화통제유형과 아동의 자아개념

정현희,최경순 동의대학교 생활과학연구소 2000 生活科學論集 Vol.4 No.-

This study was to investigate the following research questions. (1) Are there any gender differences in the mother's socialization-patterns and child's self-concept? (2) Is there any relationship between mother's socialization-patterns and child's self-concept? (3) Is child's self-concept influenced by the mother's socialization-patterns and child's gender? The subjects of this study were 235 boys and 207 girls attending elementary schools in Busan. Lee, Kyung-Hee's questionnaires(1993) on mother's socialization patterns and Kim, Ki-Jung's questionnaires(1984) on child's academic self-concept and Kim, Hee-Kyung's questionnaires(1990) on child's physical, home, social self-concept were used. The results were as follows: 1)The mother's imperative mode for boys differed significantly from that for girls. Boys perceived mother's socialization-patterns as more imperative. And boy's physical self-concept and academic self-concept differed significantly from girl's. Boy had higher scores than girl in physical self-concept and academic self-concept. 2)There were significantly correlations between mother's position-oriented mode and boy's self-concept, between mother's poison-oriented mode and boy's self-concept. 3)The mother's poison-oriented mode was the predictor variable influencing on child's academic self-concept. And the mother's position-oriented mode and the mother's person-oriented mode were the predictor variables influencing on child's home self-concept.

Morgagni 탈장 : 1례 보고

오연희,이창욱,김승현,이성우,정병욱,이준희,박동일,권영무,신현종 동국대학교 경주대학 1996 東國論集 Vol.15 No.-

Morgagni 탈장은 횡격막의 전내측 부위의 발달이상으로 열공을 통하여 장관이나 대망과 같은 복강내 구조물이 흉곽내로 빠져나가는 드문 질환으로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 호흡곤란을 주소로 내원하여 방사선학적 검사와 수술로 확진된 1례를 보고한다. Morgagni hernia is improperly located abdominal viscera into the thoracic cavity through the foramen of Morgagni which is a congenital defect at the anterornedial portion of diaphragm. We report a case of Morgagni hernia diagnosed by radiologic examination and operation.

올레산의 비율에 따른 아데노신의 경피 투과의 영향

남현빈,정세진,구민석,오예진,김용민,이훈희,윤수정,임정균 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 2021 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.27 No.2

In addition to the development of functional cosmetics, technology to increase percutaneous absorption rate when applied to the skin is an important task. In this experiment, oleic acid was used as a skin absorption promoter, and its effect on transdermal permeability of adenosine was studied and analyzed using a skin-like membrane. As a result of the experiment, it was investigated that the permeability coefficient and concentration of adenosine are proportional to the content of oleic acid. This indicates that a high proportion of oleic acid is effective as a skin absorption promoter.

진행성 폐 종양 환자에서 종양 내 OK-432 주입술의 효과

정수현,김성빈,박진희,탁희상,옥철호,장태원,정만홍,천봉권 고신대학교 의과대학 2009 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.24 No.2

Background: Intratumoral injection of OK-432 produced significant antitumor effects. There are reports that OK-432 was injected directly into tumor tissue on gastrointestinal tracts and HCC tissue, producing decrease in serum alpha-fetoprotein level. We adopted this technique for treating locally advanced lung cancer. The object of this study is to evaluate the local therapeutic efficacy, side effects of injection for treating symptomatic mass. Methods: Twenty lung cancer patients (13 males and 7 females) underwent sonography guided OK-432 injection. We analyzed relationships between response of OK-432 and response of skin test, histology and age. Pain that patients feel was evaluated by VAS (Visual Analog scale). Results: A significant decrease of tumor size was observed. The mean pre-injection diameter of the lesions was 54.7±11.3mm, PR rate were 15.0% (3/20) and minimal change (50%<tumor size decreased.) patients were 35.0% (7/20). The VAS score before injecting OK-432 into the lesion was 5±3, this was decreased to 2.5±1.5 (p=0.04). Object response was significantly correlated with skin response, adenocarcinoma, and age. Conclusion: A significant decrease of tumor size and pain was observed. So OK-432 is a valuable treatment option for patients with symptomatic lesion from advanced lung cancer who are not amenable to further therapy.

하나로 INAA 장치를 이용한 SRM-2704와 SRM-2709의 원소함량분석

김희중, 김현수, 김용은 忠北大學校部設基礎科學硏究所 2007 自然科學硏究 Vol.21 No.-

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PT조건하 V_2O_5에 의한 Alcohol의 산화

강선희,김미련,김선자,김현옥,노복자,이기화,이정숙 曉星女子大學校 藥學大學 學生會 1988 曉星藥誌 Vol.4 No.-

2, 3; 5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D -mannofuranose(ManA) were oxidized to their cor-responding 2, 3;5,6-di-O-isoprolylidene-α-D-manno-1.4-lactone(ManB) using calcium chlorite as oxidant in a phase transfer catalysis system. But identified results were not obvious. V_2O_5 catalzed oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketones respectively at alkali conditions under Solod-Liquid phase transfer conditions. This reaction affords good overall yields of products without formation of undersirable.

정모 두부 방사선 사진 촬영시 Head Posture Aligner의 유용성에 관한 연구

김은희,황현식 전남대학교 치과대학 2000 전남치대논문집 Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of this study were to evaluate the reproducibility of posteroanterior(PA) cephalograms obtained by two methods, the Head Posture Aligner(HPA) method in natural head posture and the conventional method(operator-guided method), and to compare the vertical rotational differences of the head posture between lateral and PA cephalograms according to the method. The sample was consisted of 30 adults. At first day, a PA cephalogram and a lateral cephalogram were obtained from each subject by two methods to investigate the difference of vertical rotational posture between lateral and PA cephalograms. Two weeks later, another PA cephalogram was obtained using each method to evaluate the reproducibility of head posture. Five height measurements and nine width measurements were used in the paired t-test to compare the reproducibility of the PA cephalometric measurements between two methods. The difference of vertical rotational posture between lateral and PA cephalograms were calculated from a computer program and compared according to the method used, and following results were obtained. 1. Height measurements obtained by operator-guided method showed significant differences according to the time interval and revealed low reproducibility. 2. Height measurements obtained by HPA method did not show significant differences according to the time interval and presented high reproducibility. 3. In the comparison of width measurement, two methods did not show distinct differences in reproducibility. 4. The difference of vertical rotaional posture between lateral and PA cephalograms showed 0.8˚in the HPA method, more less than 2.5˚in the operator-guided method. The results of the present study suggest that the HPA may be helpful in the PA cephalometric radiography in terms of reproducibility.

흉요추 방출성 골절의 방사선학적 소견

오연희,이현경,이원재,이성우,박수성 동국대학교 경주대학 1993 東國論集 Vol.12 No.-

A retrospective review of 22 burst fractures of the thoracolumbar spine was performed to define the radiographic features found on CT and plain radiography. Characteristic components of the injury include : 1. Male to female ratio was 2.7 : 1, and the most prevalent age was 21 to 40 years. 2. Multiple level injuries were 6 cases (27.3%), and the most common cause of injury was fall down(14 cases, 63.6%). 3. The most cammon location was L1(45.5%) 4. The most common pattern of the retropulsed fragment in burst fracture was single midline fragment type(14 cases, 63.6%) and the most common type of burst fracture was classical form(10 cases, 45.5%). 5. Posterior element involvement of vertebra was seen in Ⅱ cases(50%) and the most common finding was laminar fracture in 9 cases. 6. The degree of anterior wedging above the 50% in height of vertebral body was in 4 cases (18.2%). 7. Degree of spinal canal narrowing and degree of neurological impairment is not directly correlated.

당근의 고체배양에서 체세포발생중 세포내 생화학적 변화

차현철,박희승 단국대학교 1996 論文集 Vol.30 No.-

Some important macromolecules in The cells of embryogenic(E-) and non-embryogenic(NE-) calli of car-rot(Daucus carata cv. Daepooong-ochon) were quantitatively measured periodically during culture of 5 weeks on solid medium. The transfer of the callus from the MS medium with phytohormones to phytohormone-free medium induced embyroid formation at 10 days culture. And the condents of some solutes were changed dramatically at embryoid forming time. In other words, free amino acid and soluble protein contents were reached to maximum at 8th day after culture in E-callus cells. On the contrarily reducing suger content was decreased at early time leading to minimum value at 8th day on both calli imspite of the double value in E-callus comparing with Ne-callus at that time. The higher con-tents of sugars in E-callus may contributed by energy budgets needed to initiate embryoid formation. The activity of peroxidase and its specific activity was higher in E-callus than NE-callus at embryoid forming time and DNA content was steadly increased during that time. RNA content also was increased to reach peak at 16th day in NE-callus, at 24th day in E-callus. After that, the content was decreased to the original levels. In conclusion, the metabolism in the parenchyma cells may be changed dramatically in order to initiate the embryoid formation.