종합병원 간호사의 밤번 근무에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구

박혜자,유인영,이영미,정문희 한국보건통계학회 2003 보건정보통계학회지 Vol.28 No.1

This study is conducted to find influencing factors on unrse's night shift works. From 20th July to 20th August, the survey was performed in a general hospital located at Kyunggi-do area, by the use of questionnaire. Collected 204 data were analysed through SPSS/Win 11.0. Results are as follows: 1. It was shown that night shifting word periods in special ward is longer than that in general ward. Exactly, shifting periods of night nurse work is 28.7days, 16.7days in special and general ward, individually. But numbers of night nurse worker are 3.4 and 2.48 persons in special and general ward, individually. And there were more patients in general wards than that in special ward. Namely, 54.3 patients in general ward and 19.3 patients in special ward. And off duty days and overtime on average in general ward were more much than that in special ward. The preference about night nurse works, the general ward was higher than that in general wards. In case of avoiding the night nurse work, the reasons that were mental stress. excess of duty, the burdens on work by oneself in general wards were shown much more frequency than that in special ward. 2. Physical-mental, social conditon of nurse worker's health in special wards were better than that in general wards. The stress level of nurse workers in general ward was higher than that in special ward. The factors of the influence on the preference on social-mental conditions of health were number of off duty days on average per month, number of night nurse working, and income of all family. Therefore, theses results were shown that the stress of nurses in general ward was much more than that in special ward. And the preference on night nurse work in general ward was lower than that in special ward. Accordingly, It was shown that the policy for support were need. The nurse administrator have to prepare complementary systems in organized level, to develop the positive recognition about night nurse work. For example have to reduce the dissatisfaction with systematic improvement, in other words control of off duty bonus, reasonable overtime and night nurse work bonus, and night working periods, and with control nursing human power and policy for reduction of overstres according working conditions and characters of business in various types of ward.

지역사회 노인복지시설 종사자의 노인인권 인식에 관한 탐색적 고찰

심혜인(Hye-In, Sim),홍송이(Song-Iee, Hong) 한국경호경비학회 2020 시큐리티연구 Vol.- No.65

노인 돌봄 서비스에서의 인권 문제는 주로 시설을 중심으로 논의되어왔다. 하지만 노인 인구와 노인재가서비스 이용의 증가하는 추세와, 건강한 노인의 증가와 주체적인 삶을 강조하는 문화의 확산, 이에 따른 커뮤니티 케어의 중요성 강조 등의 변화로 인해 향후 재가 서비스 규모가 계속해서 확대될 것으로 전망되므로 재가서비스에서의 노인인권에 대한 논의가 더욱 중요해질 것으로 예견되고 있는 실정이다. 시설보다 재가서비스의 경우에는 노인 인권침해 및 학대 발생예방을 위한 노력이 더 필요하다. 따라서 이 연구는 종사자의 노인인권 피해 또는 학대를 목격했을 때의 대응태도에 영향요인을 검증해볼 필요가 있다. 추가적으로 이 연구는 재가서비스 종사자의 노인인권 인식을 잠재프로파일(LPA)분석 결과를 바탕으로 집단을 구분하여 노인 인권 피해 또는 학대 신고 태도에 미치는지 영향을 검증해보고자 하였다. 연구자료는 보건복지부와 중앙노인보호전문기관이 2017년에 조사한 주간·야간, 단기보호 서비스 시설장과 시설직원을 조사한 11,527개의 자료와 2019년에 조사한 방문요양, 방문목욕 서비스 시설장과 시설직원을 조사한 1,428개의 자료를 SPSS 25.0ver.을 활용하여 분석을 실시하였다. 또한, 인권인식의 집단을 구분하기 위하여 Mplus 7.0ver.을 활용하여 집단프로파일 분석을 실시하였다. 이러한 실증적인 연구결과를 바탕으로 노인재가시설에서 발생할 수 있는 노인 인권침해 및 학대를 예방할 수 있는 정책적 제언을 마련하고자 하였다. Human right issue in elderly care service has been discussed by mainly focusing on the facilities. However, it is expected that the scale of in-home service will be continuously expanded in the future due to the increase of the elderly population and the use of in-home service, the increase of healthy elderly people, the spread of the culture that emphasizes independent life, and the emphasis on the important of community care. Therefore, it is expected that the discussion on elderly human right in the in-home service will become more important. In case of in-home service, not facilities, is necessary to make effort to prevent elderly human right violation and abuse. Therefore, this study requires to verify the factors influencing the response attitude when witnessing any harms or abuse of elderly human rights by the employees. Additionally, the study tried to verify the effect of elderly human right recognition of in-home service employees on the attitude of reporting any harms or abuse of elderly people by dividing groups based on latent profile analysis (LPA). 11,527 data surveyed with the director and employees of day( night and short-term protection service facilities conducted in 2017 and 1,428 data surveyed with the director and employees of visiting nursing and visiting bathing service facilities conducted in 2019 by Ministry of Health and Welfare and Central Elder Protection Agency were used and analyzed by using SPSS 25.0ver. In addition, Mplus 7.0ver. was used and group profile analysis was conducted to classify the groups of human rights recognition. The study tried to prepare policy-level suggestions to prevent elderly human rights violation and abuse that can be occurred in in-home service facilities based on these empirical studies.

중학교 2학년 「전기」단원에서 순환학습 수업 전략의 개발 및 적용 효과

홍혜인 이화여자대학교 교육대학원 2006 이화교육논총 Vol.16 No.-

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of learning cycle model on the middle school students' improvement of s science achievement, scientific reasoning, science-related attitudes. The subject participated in this study were 140 in 8th grade at a co-educational junior high school in Seoul, Korea. They randomly assigned to the control group and treatment group. The treatment group received the instruction of learning cycle approaches. The control groups received a traditional text-book oriented form of instruction that included reading, writing. They have been taught about 「Electricity」 section of middle school Science2 for 12 class periods during the second semester. Evaluation instruments used in pre-test and post-test were science achievement test, classroom test of scientific reasoning, science related attitude test. Moreover ANCOVA was done by using SPSS 10.0 statistic program. firstly, there was no significant difference(p>.05) between two groups about students' science achievements test by ANCOVA analysis. Especially in high level group, the analysis by ANCOVA showed that the scores of students' science achievements test for the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group(p<05). But in low level group, there was no significant difference(p>.05) between two groups about students' science achievements test. Secondly, the analysis by ANCOVA showed that the scores of scientific reasoning for the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group(p<.01). Especially in high level group, the analysis by ANCOVA showed that the scores of classroom test of scientific reasoning for the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group(p<.05). But in low level group, there was no significant difference(p>.05) between two groups about classroom test of scientific reasoning. Also in hypothetical-deductive thinking level and transitional thinking level, the analysis by ANCOVA showed that the scores of classroom test of scientific reasoning for the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group(p<.05). But in Empirical-inductive thinking, there was no significant difference(p>.05) between two groups about classroom test of scientific reasoning. Thirdly, there was no significant difference(p>.05) between two groups about science related attitude test by ANCOVA analysis. Especially in high level group, the analysis by ANCOVA showed that the scores of science related attitude test for the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group(p<.05). But in low level group, there was no significant difference(p>.05) between two groups about science related attitude test In conclusion, in high level group, it was found that students of treatment group received the instruction of learning cycle approaches showed much more changes positively in achievement, scientific reasoning, science-related attitudes than those of control group. The other hand, in low level group, it was found that students of control group received a traditional text-book oriented form of instruction that included reading and writing showed much more changes positively in achievement, scientific reasoning, science-related attitudes than those of treatment group.

中等學校 家政科 實驗學習 敎員ㆍ設備基準의 適正性에 關한 硏究

강혜숙,윤인경 한국 가정과 교육 학회 1993 한국가정과교육학회지 Vol.5 No.-

Because of the specificity of subjects belong to middle school curriculum of Home Economics Education of function training is very important. But it pointed out that the existing standards are out-dated, and because of it, it incongruent to our realities. Therefore, whenever the curriculum of education and the national textbook are reorgrnized periodically, the reform of standards of educational materials & facilities must be followed by it. But in my opinion, in korean middle school, especially in Home Economics Education, educational facilities are not reformed at a proper time. Therefore, to enhance the qualities of experimentation/practice of Home Economics Education, in the first place, the preparation for the given conditions of standards of educational materials & facilities are needed. But the educational facilities of Home Economics Education have many problems not only in the qualitative aspect but also in the quantitative aspect. And in addtion to it, lots of educational facilities which cannot match contents of national textbook of Home Economics Education are exist. Therefore, this thesis aims at examining comprehensively the problem of experimentation/practice of experimental materials & facilties of Home Economics Education, connect with contents of Home Economics Education, holding several problems of experimentation/practice of Home Economics Education in middle school, grouping ; the principles and ways concerning the innovation of experimental materials & facilties of Home Economics Education by which many teachers and students make sure of more efficient teaching/studying, and obtaining basic data which guarantee the ability of innovation concerning problems of the education of experimentation/practice of Home Economics Education. Methods are : 1) grasp our educational realities with my original(question). 2) integrate/analyse results of 1) 3) check the frequency, percentage with methods of X?-test, T-test, and 'One-way Analysis of Variances'. 4) suggest my own alternative proposal. Conclusions are : 1) To the problems concerning the plan, method, frequency, choice of contents, budget, and experimental materials & facilties of experimentation/practice, any meaningful difference are not revealed likewise, but, these problems can affect to teachers' guidance of practical examination, therefore it needs to give a indirect financial, and administration aids to teachers/schools from the government. 2) Contents of experimentation/practice are subjected to contents of textbook. In this reason, educational facilities are suitable to contents of textbook for the efficacy of experimentation/practice. Therefore, whenever contents of national textbooks are revised, the proper experimental materials & facilties must be established. And then, according to these standards, educational facilities must be prepared equally. 3) The capacity of educational facilities are conciderably different according to the type, region, and established pattern of school. Therefore, in order to eliminate these differences, it needs to prepare practice classrooms, and to import the new educational facilities. For these preperations, and for the efficient education of practical skill, financial aids from government are necessary. 4) In comparison with contents of textbook the educational facilities which are not enlisted in experimental materials & facilties but very important and very necessary for the classwork of Home Eocnomics Education must be included in new experimental materials & facilities. 5) The problems of existing experimental materials & facilties of Home Economics Education are identified as following ; i) disagreement between names of educational facilities and contents of the textbook of Home Economics Education. ii) the standard of need in relation to the number of class, isn't fit to our educational reality likewise. iii) the difficulty of elastic application. Therefore, to be sure of the development of Home Economics Education, various efficient methods of education must be groped, and endeavour for correction of imperfection must be maintained continuously.

입원진료비 상승요인 분석

한혜경 ( Hye-kyung Han ),이필도 ( Pil-do Lee ),노인철 ( In-chul Noh ) 한국보건사회연구원 1990 保健社會硏究 Vol.10 No.2

입원진료비의 상승은 높은 약제비 비중, 병원의 높은 수술률, 종합병원 이상의 검사비 등의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 횡단면 다중회귀분석에 의한 입원진료비 결정요인은 입원일수, 전문의수, 의료장비수, 연령, 수술여부 등인 것으로 나타났다. 앞으로 45세이상 연령층의 만성질환으로 인한 입원진료비가 더욱 증가할 것이라는 전망에 따라 약제비 및 검사비에 대한 대책, 의료자원의 효율적인 사용을 위한 병원기능의 전문화 등 입원진료비의 경제성을 도모하기 위한 다양한 대책이 요구된다. The rapid increase in medical care costs have become a growing problems since health insurance was introduced. In particular, medical care costs for in-patients have tended to rise at a faster pace than those for out-patients. For example, while the out-patient costs in 1989 increased 3.32 times over those in 1983, the hospital care costs increased 3.75 times during the same period. Furthermore, the scale of hospital care costs continued to rise from about 33 percent in 1983 to 36 percent of the total expenditure in 1989. The principal cause of these increase was related to a considerable rise in medical care costs for out-patients less than 14 years old. Recently, however, the ratio of in-patient costs has risen markedly due to a sharp increase in the costs related to cancer and to chronic diseases of the circulatory system for those over 45. Since this age group continues to increase, it is expected that this pattern will continue as a leading factor in the increase in medical care costs. The concern over rising costs and a search for ways to control these costs are now stimulating interest in the development of public policies. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to examine factors giving rise to the cost escalation of hospital medical care and also to provide insight into the policy implications for containment of these costs. The data used here was obtained from a survey of the monthly insurance bills (13,532 cases) presented to the National Federation of Medical Insurance in February 1990. This group represented the employees and dependents of private companies as well as self-employed people. The main results and their implications are as follows : 1. The important factors which have influenced the increase in the medical care costs for in-patients was revealed as a high medication ratio, more examinations, a longer stay, and a high frequency of surgical procedures in the hospitals. 2. The portion of medication and injection costs was found to be extremely high. Medications constituted 37 % of total hospital care costs in excess of 500,000 Won per case. These extraordinarily high expenditures are due to excessive consumption and high prices. One alternative to limit expenditures on drugs is to establish a list of essential drugs as chosen for cost-effectiveness (low price with equal efficacy). Thus drugs not on this list would not be cove-red by insurance. Also important is the control of pharmacists` mark-ups, drug prices, and advertising expenditures by pharmaceutical firms for sales promotion. 3. The ratio of examination costs was about 30% of the total medical care costs per in-patient case, which was observed to be correlated mainly with the length of stay and the number of examinations, and the quantity of medical equipment in hospitals, so that in recent years the problem of excessive examinations has emerged particularly in both tertiary and general hospitals. The tertiary hospitals are prohibited from offering out-patient care. A committal order written by a physician in a clinic is required for a patient to receive hospital medical care. Both because of the poor flow of information between primary physicians and hospital physicians, and because outside physicians do not have access to superior hospital equipment, hospitals repeat many diagnostic examinations already performed by physicians prior to hospitalization. In fact, such duplication adds to the length of stay and ultimately to medical care costs. In addition, excess investments in such high- tech equipment as CT Scanner, MRI, and heart transplant equipment tend to result in new cost increases, so specialized central examination facilities with high-tech equipment should be established at the district level, both to share inforamtion and their use and to avoid duplication or excessive use of medical procedures and diagnostic tests. 4. The portion of medical procedure and operation costs in hospitals was relatively higher than those in both general hospitals and tertiary hospitals, which appeared to be associated with the high frequency of surgical produres in hospitals. The costs of medications and examinations were, however, shown to be highest in general and tertiary hospitals. One interesting result indicates that there is a negative correlation between surgical procedure costs and examination costs, suggesting that more examinations might reduce the frequency of surgery. 5. To cope with the soaring medical care costs, less expensive service facilities as are used in the developed countries ought to be developed or introduced into the health care sector. For example, there are day care centers, geriatric day hospitals, hospice systems, ambulatory surgical centers, nursing home care and home health care, which can be substituted for expensive hospital services. In addition, surgery and hospital admission and discharge can be managed in a rational manner to curb long-term hospital stays. For example, admission and discharge adjudication committees, composed of doctors including physicians in charge, and nurses and other medical care personnel should be set up in each hospital to check the condition of in-patients periodically to decide on whether they can be discharged.

청각장애인 가족 유형에 따른 청소년 자녀의 경험 분석

오인혜 ( In Hye Oh ),정은희 ( Eun Hee Jeong ) 한국특수아동학회 2011 특수아동교육연구 Vol.13 No.3

본 연구는 청각장애 가족 유형에 따른 자녀의 경험을 알아보기 위하여 청각장애 부모를 둔 건청 자녀 3명, 청각장애 부모를 둔 청각장애 자녀 1명, 건청 부모를 둔 청각장애 자녀 3명으로 총 7명의 자녀를 대상으로 질문지와 심층면접을 통해 실시되었다. 연구 결과 첫째, 어릴적 주양육자는 자녀의 청각장애 유무에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 건청 자녀의 경우 음성언어 습득을 위하여 친인척들에 의해 양육 되었으며, 이들은 부모의 청각장애와 관련하여 따돌림 등 부정적인 경험을 가지고 있었다. 둘째, 가족과의 의사소통 시, 의사소통 방법은 주로 부모에 의해 결정되었다. 청각장애 부모를 둔 건청 자녀와 청각장애 자녀는 수화를, 건청 부모를 둔 청각장애 자녀는 구화를 사용하고 있었다. 이러한 의사소통 방법의 차이는 부모와 자녀간의 상호작용에도 부정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 학교생활에 대한 경험으로, 건청부모를 둔 청각장애 자녀가 일반학급에 진학한 경우 특수교육적 지원이 없어 학습의 어려움을 겪고 있었다. 학령기 이후의 진로에 대해서는 청각장애 부모를 둔 건청 자녀는 대부분 자신의 부모와 관련된 직업을 선호하고 있었고, 청각장애 자녀의 경우 자신이 좋아하는 분야에 도전하고 싶어 하였다. 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 청각장애인 가족의 자녀 양육과 교육, 가족 지원에 대해 논의하였다. The purpose of this study is to look into the experiences of adolescent children by hearing impaired family types and find ways to support their needs. The research was carried out targeting 7 adolescent children; three of them are hearing children living with deaf-deaf parents(DD-H), one deaf child living with deaf-deaf parents (DD-D), and the other three deaf children living with hearing-hearing parents(HH-D). The researcher conducted half-structured tests and in-depth interviews on them. The research findings are as in the following. First, the experiences of the children in early childhood showed differences depending on whether or not they have hearing impairment. In the case of hearing children, they were raised by their relatives apart from their deaf-deaf parents for their spoken language acquisition. They had been teased or shunned by their friends because they used sign language. Second, in terms of communication with their family, the way of communication was decided by their parents. DD-H and DD-D used sign language, HH-D oral method. The differences of the way of communication could have an adverse effect on the interaction between parents and children. Third, when it comes to the experiences in school, HH-D who went to an ordinary school had difficulties in studying without any support for special education. When exploring careers and choose a career path in adolescence, DD-H had preference for a job related to his/her parents. In contrast, hearing impaired children preferred challenging what they were interested in. The hearing children and the hearing impaired children have a difference in the ways they use their out-of-school time. DD-H studies at private institutes after school, whereas hearing impaired children stay at home or participate in extracurricular activities such as religion activities.

Probing the Issue of Informed Consent in Health Care in Korea―Concept Analysis and Guideline Development

Won-Hee Lee,In-Sook Kim,Byung-Hye Kong,Sue Kim,Sunhee Lee 한국간호과학회 2008 Asian Nursing Research Vol.2 No.2

Purpose The purpose of the study was to identify how informed consent is conceptualized by patients, family members, physicians, and nurses in Korea, and to develop guidelines for clinical practice in Korea. Methods This study employed the hybrid model to define the concept of informed consent through theoretical and fieldwork phases. For the theoretical phase, attributes of informed consent were identified through a review of the literature, and in-depth interviews were conducted for the fieldwork phase to develop attributes from the data and to verify the attributes identified from the literature review. Purposive sampling was done for 48 participants (12 patients, 12 family members, 12 physicians, 12 nurses), who were interviewed from selected units (orthopedics, cardiothoracic surgery, obstetrics/gynecology) from two university hospitals in Seoul and Kwangju, Korea. Attributes and processing issues of informed consent were extracted from both phases. Results Core attributes of informed consent include the patient’s self-directed decision-making, fulfillment of legal responsibility, focusing on forging a trusting relationship, assuming active responsibility for explanations (physicians) and granting consent (patient), factors related to sufficient explanation, and the role of family. Findings were integrated into a set of guidelines for patients and family and health care professionals. Conclusion The guidelines developed in the present study offer empirical parameters for an effective process of obtaining informed consent in Korea by seeking to decrease the gap in perceptions of informed consent among patients, family members, physicians, and nurses. The importance of advocating patients and developing a trusting relationship between health care providers and patients is especially noteworthy. [Asian Nursing Research 2008;2(2):102–112] Purpose The purpose of the study was to identify how informed consent is conceptualized by patients, family members, physicians, and nurses in Korea, and to develop guidelines for clinical practice in Korea. Methods This study employed the hybrid model to define the concept of informed consent through theoretical and fieldwork phases. For the theoretical phase, attributes of informed consent were identified through a review of the literature, and in-depth interviews were conducted for the fieldwork phase to develop attributes from the data and to verify the attributes identified from the literature review. Purposive sampling was done for 48 participants (12 patients, 12 family members, 12 physicians, 12 nurses), who were interviewed from selected units (orthopedics, cardiothoracic surgery, obstetrics/gynecology) from two university hospitals in Seoul and Kwangju, Korea. Attributes and processing issues of informed consent were extracted from both phases. Results Core attributes of informed consent include the patient’s self-directed decision-making, fulfillment of legal responsibility, focusing on forging a trusting relationship, assuming active responsibility for explanations (physicians) and granting consent (patient), factors related to sufficient explanation, and the role of family. Findings were integrated into a set of guidelines for patients and family and health care professionals. Conclusion The guidelines developed in the present study offer empirical parameters for an effective process of obtaining informed consent in Korea by seeking to decrease the gap in perceptions of informed consent among patients, family members, physicians, and nurses. The importance of advocating patients and developing a trusting relationship between health care providers and patients is especially noteworthy. [Asian Nursing Research 2008;2(2):102–112]

中年期 旣婚女性의 스트레스와 對處方式

申淑卿,朴惠仁 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1993 科學論集 Vol.19 No.-

This study aims at providing basic material for helping in understanding and seeking adaptation methods of the stress in middle-aged married women go through by finding out the extent of their stress and its coping methods. The sample was selected among married women, aged 40 to 59, with their last child older than the elementary school age and living in Seoul and Taegu. The main results are as follows. 1. The level of stress middle-aged married women experienced was distributed on the medium range of stress. And in terms of the point distribution, stress level appeared a little bit higher than on the average point. 2. Socio-economic status and regions had a major influence on the stress. Women with higher socio-economic status went through more stress in husbands and children than did women with lower socio-economic status. Women living in Seoul experienced more stress in husbands and husbands' families than did women in Taegu. 3. Middle-aged married women showed little difference in stress coping methods in the four areas. 4. Social and economic status and education had a major effect on the methods of coping stress. Women with higher socio-economic status and education practiced the method of problem-focused coping while women with lower socio-economic status and education practiced such passive methods as emotion-relieving methods and wishful thinking methods. 5. In view of the stress extent of middle-aged women, they showed significant difference only in the problem-focused coping. Compared to women in middle group, women in lower and higher groups practiced problem-focused coping. Besides, the more stress they got from their husbands, the more wishful thinking they tended to practice.

Adult invasive pneumococcal disease in the Republic of Korea: Risk medical conditions and mortality stratified by age group

Kim, Jong Hun,Baik, Seung Hee,Chun, Byung Chul,Song, Joon Young,Bae, In-Gyu,Kim, Hyo Youl,Kim, Dong-Min,Choi, Young Hwa,Choi, Won Suk,Jo, Yu Mi,Kwon, Hyun Hee,Jeong, Hye Won,Kim, Yeon-Sook,Kim, Jeong Elsevier 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES Vol.74 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Objectives</B></P> <P>This study aimed to characterize the risk factors for mortality in adult patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) stratified by age groups, after implementation of the national immunization program of 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) for those aged ≥65 years in the Republic of Korea (ROK).</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Clinical data and pneumococcal isolates from adult patients with IPD (≥18 years of age) were collected prospectively from 20 hospitals through the nationwide surveillance program from March 2013 to October 2015.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>A total of 319 patients with IPD were enrolled. Median age was 69 years. Overall in-hospital mortality was 34.2%: 17.1% in those aged 18–49 years, 23.7% in those aged 50–64 years, 33.0% in those aged 65–74 years, and 51.0% in those aged ≥75 years (<I>p<</I> 0.001). In particular, early death within 7days of hospitalization accounted for 60.6% (66/109). While old age (≥65 years), higher Pitt bacteremia score (≥4), and bacteremic pneumonia were independently associated with IPD mortality in all age groups, an additional mortality risk factor of immunocompromised status was identified for patients aged 50–64 years. PPSV23 serotypes accounted for 64.4% (122/189) of the pneumococcal isolates serotyped.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>This study suggests that vaccine-type IPD continues to place a substantial burden on older adults in the ROK, necessitating an effective vaccination strategy for those at higher risk.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> National immunization of the elderly with the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) was implemented in Korea in 2013. </LI> <LI> Overall in-hospital mortality was 34.2% for adult invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and 51.0% for patients ≥75 years of age. </LI> <LI> Mortality risks were older age, higher bacteremia score, and immunocompromised status. </LI> <LI> An effective vaccination strategy for those at higher risk of IPD is needed. </LI> </UL> </P>

디자인 대학원 작품논문 표절방지를 위한 교육 체계 및 콘텐츠 개발

김지인(Kim, Ji In),박혜신(Park, Hye Sin),서인숙(Seo, Ihn Sook) 한국디지털디자인협의회 2015 디지털디자인학연구 Vol.15 No.3

연구윤리에 대한 인식이 높아지면서 연구윤리 교육이 확산추세에 있다. 그러나 현재의 연구윤리 교육은 단발성 특강형의 교육 중심으로 실행되고 있으며, 학과 특성에 적합한 교육 체계가 미비하다는 점에서 한계를 가지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 디자인 석사학위 과정에 있는 학생의 논문 지도에 있어 표절을 미연에 방지할 수 있는 연구윤리 교육체계를 구축하되 특히 예술계에서만 존재하는 작품논문이라는 형식에 적합한 교육체계를 구축하기 위한 목적으로 이루어졌다. 연구는 디자인학부 석사학위 과정학생 10명을 대상으로 총 17개월 걸친 참여관찰을 통해 이루어졌으며 연구윤리 교육 콘텐츠의 제작, 교육 및 자료수집, 교육 결과의 피드백 및 기존 콘텐츠의 수정보완, 수정 보완 된 콘텐츠를 적용한 연구 시행, 결과 분석 총 5단계에 걸쳐 단계적으로 이루어졌다. 각각의 단계에서는 교육을 통한 콘텐츠 활용도 검증, 심층면접을 통한 연구 결과의 학계검증, 연구윤리 교육 참여자들의 논문 작성 및 표절률 검사라는 객관적 검증 장치를 두었다. 연구 과정에서 학술연구윤리 교육 콘텐츠, 디자인 연구윤리 교육 콘텐츠 두 종류의 교육 콘텐츠가 개발되었으며 논문리스트 작성노트, 디자인 연구노트, 인용연습노트 총 3개의 활용 콘텐츠가 개발되었다. 결과적으로 연구주제의 구체화 과정에서 논문리스트 작성노트를 활용한 논문 주제 독창성 검증, 논문 텍스트 작성 과정에서 인용노트 활용을 통한 인용 관련 표절여부 검증 및 디자인 연구노트 활용을 통한 작품 표절여부 검증, 최종적으로 카피검사 시스템 활용을 통한 정량적 표절률 검사의 3단계에 걸친 작품논문의 표절 예방 검증 교육체계가 구축되었다. With the growing awareness of research ethics, the education for it is being disseminated. However, it is having a limitation given that the current education of research ethics is centered on special lectures in short-term period, and department-specific educational system is lack. In respect of teaching students about thesis in graduate school, this study aims to establish an educational system to prevent plagiarism in advance, matching the environment where there is thesis portfolio for graduation only in art school. The research has been conducted with ten graduate school students in design department for 17 months in total through participatory observation, and is consisted of five stages: making educational contents of research ethics, collecting data, giving feedback of the education and evaluating or revising existing contents, conducting a research after applying the correction, and analyzing the result. We put objective verification tools at each stage such as verification of contents utilization through education, academic verification of the research result through in-depth interview, and inspection of thesis portfolio production and plagiarism rate by educational participants in research ethics. In the process of the research, educational contents of academic research and design research ethics were developed and three kinds of utilization contents, thesis list-writing note, design research note, and reference note, were made. As a result, it has become to set up three phases of plagiarism prevention measures: verifying creativity of thesis subject by utilizing thesis list-writing note in the embodiment process, verifying plagiarism relating to reference and artwork by utilizing reference note and design research note in the process of making thesis artwork, and verifying quantitatively through copy inspection system.