자기결정 이론과 모형에 대한 비판

김정권,김혜경 한국특수교육문제연구소 2001 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.2 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 자기결정의 이론적 정립과 함께 이제까지 연구된 자기결정의 모형에 대한 탐색을 하고자 하논 것이다. 그러기 위해 여러 이론과 모형 중에 가장 많이 대두되고 있는 4가지 이론과 모형을 중심으로 논의한다. 이 이론과 모형은 대부분 최근에 연구되고 있는 것들이기 때문에 포스트모던을 주로 지배하고 있는 주관적, 거시적 입장을 취하고 있으며, 자아에 대한 지식과 존중을 바탕으로 한 자아 표현 능력과 태도를 강조하며, 자기결정의 이해와 발전을 위해 환경과의 상호작용을 강조하는 생태학적 입장을 취하고 있다. The purposes of this study are to explore the theories and models about self-determination. The first part of this study addresses the theories of self-determination. Theories provide individuals with a foundation of why and how think and behave. This is accomplished by first briefly describing the theories that are directly or indirectly related to self-determination. First, these are included (a) the cognitive evaluation theory, (b) the self-regulation theory, (c) the self-efficacy theory, (d) the equal opportunity theory. These theories emphasized the role that a society perform in the development of an individual ’ s self-determination. At the same time, the society must fumish the individual with the opportunities to express their self-determination. Second, this study addresses the models of self determination. The theories of self-determination lay the foundation for the self-determination models, A model is an abstract representation of a phenomenon or system. In this case, the models represent various aspects of the self-determination theories. There are four predominate models of self-determination. They include (a) Mithaug, Campeau, and Wolman's model, (b) Abery's ecosystem model, (c) W ehmeyer' s model, and (d) Field, and Hoffman' s model. These models are multifaceted with an emphasis on the individual within various environments. The model takes into consideration the skills base. the knowledge base, and the motivational base of individual within an ecosystem framework. From this perspective, to gain a better understanding of the level of self-detennination of individuals. one must understand the interaction between the individual and the environment.

응급실 급성심근경색증 환자의 체류시간에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구

정혜경,김해준,윤석준,이준영,이희영 한국의료QA학회 2003 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.10 No.1

Background : The purpose of this study is to investigate the influencing factors on the length of emergency department stay of patients with acute myocardial infraction. Methods : we reviewed medical records of all patients who were Hospitalized with acute myocardial infraction from March 1, 2002 to February 28, 2003. Results : The average length of stay in the emergency room of the subjects was 182.74 minutes. After the emergency room treatment, 48.1% of the subjects were transferred to intensive care unit. The hospitalization through emergency room mostly took place in the office hours. There were more patients on Monday. The influencing factors on the length of stay in the emergency room of patients with acute myocardial infraction were emergency room arrival time which was classified in seasons, treatment hours of specialized doctors, medical care insurance and required time of radiologic examination. Conclusion : In order to reduce the length of emergency room stay, it might be an available solution secure enough spaces, facility, and staff of the radiologic test only for the patients of the emergency room. And the effective use of emergency facility and space, establishment of standardized treatment guideline, and provision of emergency treatment support system are also needed.

북한영화에서 재현되는 "여자다움"과 그 의미에 대한 연구

변혜정 이화여자대학교 한국여성연구원 1999 여성학논집 Vol.16 No.-

This paper analyzes the femininities represented in North Korean films, from a position which recognizes the realities of the production of North Korean films, including the propagandizing aims of the regime in the efforts to complete the socialist revolution. T examine the processes the femininities represented in these films appear, and at what power relations are working therein. It is important to consider these aspects because 'femininity' is reproduced in accordance with people's actions and thoughts about the political economic system, and the cultural and emotional aspects which are located in the discursive system of film, and which have the established social regulations and are diversely diffused. This is to say, that the social agency of film through which the cultural meanings of North Korean society are produced and reproduced, also produce femininities. Through these assumptions the following results were gleaned from the research. The femininities in North Korean films exist in the name of the embodiment of national spirit and socialist ideology in order to maintain the power relations which legitimate the system. Looking comprehensively at the roles of the characters appearing in the films and tile story lines, the fundamental notions running throughout each film is the reproduction and maintainence of aspects of North Korean militarist society: the idol worship of Kim Il-Song and his son Kim Chung-Il, the desire to ensure the people's loyalty to the state and it's leaders, other propaganda, labor instigation and ideological training. In order to accomplish this, the women are represented as objects expressing indignation and fury at capitalism and imperialism in anti-US or anti-South Korean sentiment, in different roles as active revolutionaries, workers, mothers and wives etc. Another strong theme appears in the clear representation of a rigid gender division structure within the home and family, disseminated in order to maintain the socialist family. Following the stagnation in socialism, traditional wonton engaged in such housework activities as sewing, ironing, dish washing and child care were more greatly emphasized under the name of 'the embodiment of the national form'. These knowledges which in this way compliment the morals and common sense of North Korean society, are related to the specific notions concerning the natural, the moral and the good, necessary for the socialist revolution. These concepts emphasize a 'natural temperament' aspect of femininity and of masculinity in specific forms regulated by society. The temperament of femininity is continuously maintained and reproduced through flexible meanings which produce the communist woman revolutionary. However, it is certain that in accordance with changes in policy which respond to changes in the power structure in North Korea, international relations and social economic conditions, the composition of femininity also changes. Due to the rhetoric of the early socialist period the 'alternative femininity' which did not appear in the early period, was established as an important element in the construction of femininity as socialism became more secure. What became different in this way of constructing femininity was not only changes in the contort which surrounded the films themselves, but is also possibly the result of changes made for the audience who were watching the films. The viewers of the films are not simply the passive receptors of ideas. North Korean society is of course, as a socialist society, a thoroughly regulated society. And distressingly, recognition of women's problems in North Korea is exceedingly low. However, despite this we can not simply presume that al1 women are affected in the same way by the methods of control employed in socialist countries. Even looking at the history of the past, the power of influence in the system itself has been flexible rather than fixed. Moreover contemporary North Korean society cannot maintain it's exceptionally closed character. As each individual develops their resistance at their own level to the dominant discourse, alternative knowledges will be produced and the expression of this resistance will appear in diverse ways. However in this aspect, analysis of North Korean film must in the future also re-assess the experiences of those women who have left in North Korea. Through the perspective of South Korean feminism I cannot judge or assess their lives abiturary. However despite this there is worth in my effort to contextualize the relationships between North Korean films and women and the symbolic production and expression of femininity as a means of finding the tendencies and the political social attitude concerning women and North Korean social relations and organization. This relationship exists as in North Korean society films are considered to be an important propaganda tool. There is also value in making clear the traditional and folk elements which are 'women's (oppressed) reality' in North Korean films, which are proposed as thc proposed as the homogenity of a united Korea. The proposition that women's reality based partly in the traditional culture, could become the foundation in the search for strategy to overcome the heterogeneity and contradictions between the citizens of North and South Korea as the basis for cultural exchanges between the north and south does not uncover the real realities of women. 'Women's realities' are not made visible as they are absorbed into the discourse of the tradition. Failing to ask for whom and what is reunification ensures the greater possibility of the further oppression and distortion of the realities of women in both North and South Korea, even if unification were to occur. It will be the task of future research to assess in what ways the common points of women in North and South Korea can be salvaged through the reunification argument.

애기마름(Trapa pseudoincisa S. et. Z.)으로부터 sterol 화합물의 분리 및 구조동정

양혜정,송명종,노영덕,김대근,백남인 경희대학교식량자원개발연구소 2007 硏究論文集 Vol.26 No.1

애기마름을 80% MeOH로 추출하고, 얻어진 추출물을 EtOAc, n-BuOH 및 H_(2)O로 용매 분획 하였다. EtOAc 분획으로부터 silica gel과 octadecyl silica gel(ODS) column chromatography를 반복 실시하여 2종의 화합물을 분리하였다. 각 화합물의 화학 구조는 NMR, MS 및 IR 등의 스펙트럼을 데이터를 해석하여, stigmasterol과 stigmasterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl로 구조 동정하였다. 이화합물은 애기마름에서는 처음 분리되었다. Trapa pseudoincisa was extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc, n-BuOH and H_(2)O. Two compounds were isolated from the EtOAc fraction through repeated silica gel and ODS column chromatographies. From the result of spectral data including NMR, MS, IR and GC/MS the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as stigmasterol (compound Ⅰ), and stigmasterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (compound Ⅱ). They were isolated from Trapa pseudoincisa for the first time.

말초혈액림프구의 Rosette 형성 및 세포독성에 미치는 중금속의 영향

김혜정,이정호 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1998 圓光醫科學 Vol.14 No.2

Background: The hazards to heavy metals are keeping increase and mercury and cadmium are representative metals. The previous reports of the effects of these metals on immune responses do not come to an agreement. This study is designed to investigate the indirect effects of these metals on immune response employing the rossete forming rate(RFR) of bovine periphral blood lymphocytes. (PBL) to sheep red blood cells(SRBC) and their cytotoxicity to PBL. Method: Mercury or cadmium treated PBL were divided into two groups, respectively. One is treated at 37℃ with various concentration of HgCl_2(10^-7∼10^-4) or CdCl_2 for 90 min before mixed with SRBC, and then kept overnight at 4^0C(short- time treated group). The other was kept overnight at 4^0C with various concentration of these metals after mixed with SRBC(longtime, treated group). On the other hand, the effects of these metals on the cytotoxicity to PBL were evaluated by trypan blue exclusion method according to the same incubation procedure that described above. Results: The E-rossete forming rate and E_AET-rossete forming rate of mecury 90 min treated group were increased significantly (p<0.01) than those of control in range of 10^-6M and 10^-6∼10^-5M, respectively, but all of the 10^-4M treated PBL could hardly form rossete, especially in E-rossete. The E-rossete forming rate of mercury 14-16 hr treated group was increased than that of control group in range of 10^-7∼10^-6M, but there was no significance and E_AET-rossete forming rate was increased more than that of control in range of 10^-7∼10^-5(10^-7∼10^-6M, p<0.01). On the other hand, almost all of the 10^-4M treated PBL couldn't form rossete. The RFR of cadmium 90 min treated group was decreased in the proportion to the concentration of cadmium but E-rossete forming rate of 10^-5M and E_AET-rossete forming rate of 10^-6M were increased significantly(p<0.01) than those of controls. The E-rossete forming rate of cadmium 14-16 hr treated group was similiar to that of control but E_AET-rossete forming rate was increased in proportion to the concentration of cadmium in range of 10^-6∼10^-4M, but there was no significance. The cytotoxicity of mercury and cadmium was increased dose dependently but it was decreased in 14-16 hr treated group than that of 90 min treated group. Conclusion: These results suggest that mercury and cadmium modified immune response by changing the activity of SRBC receptors on the cell surface. On the other hand, cell dead rate induced by these heavy metals in 14-16 hr treated group was decreased than that of 90 min treated group, it suggests that damaged cells were recovered by adaption to these heavy metals and excretion of debris through intracellular organells.

오브제를 활용한 3D일러스트레이션에 관한 연구

장혜선,이정민 한국메이크업디자인학회 2007 한국메이크업디자인학회지 Vol.3 No.3

Illustration is inviting new formative forms and genres under the influence of computer, and 3D illustration came to invite expressive methods of art by absorbing symbolic and expressive painting. In addition, 3D illustration is gradually establishing popular image and expanding its artistic feature through expressing a cubic effect using objects on illustration that has function of information conveyance, artistic function and function of recording. The current study firstly, tried to analyze various 3D illustration works using object; secondly, expressed 3D illustration by examining types of objects used in my works and applying surrealism. In addition, the study aimed to examine how object function in 3D illustration works applying collage method to comprehensive cubism. The study examined how objects were used in 3D illustration works through theoretical study on 3D illustration. Also it analyzed types of objects according to material and shape through analyzing works, and suggested two works of the researcher. 17 3D illustration works presented and analyzed in the study are chosen from 132 works published through universities and graduate schools relating to beauty in Seoul, make-up related association, etc. The researcher hopes that the study will be helpful for development and understanding of 3D illustration, and further become a chance to express desire and fantasy for other world different from internal status in the researcher's private dream and experience through 3D illustration.

국산 백침계 오이와 수출용 백침계 오이의 오이 물김치 제조가 저장 중 품질에 미치는 영향

이혜정,김정근,고종명,허명제 한국식품영양학회 2002 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.15 No.3

국산 백침계 오이와 수출용 백침계 오이로 제조한 오이 물김치의 저장 중 변화는 다음과 같다. 1. pH는 적정 pH인 3.5±0.1에 이르는 시기가 세 시료 모두 14일로 이 수준은 백다다기 오이로 7% 용액에 CaCl_2, 첨가 및 microwave를 이용한 후 열 처리군과 유사한 경향을 보였다. 2. 총산도의 변호는 발효 완결 기준을 1.4±0.1%로 볼 때 대조군은 14일, 수출용 오이들은 7일로 대조군이 수출용 오이들에 비해 발효가 지연되는 경향을 보였다. 3. 환원당의 변화는 대조군이 14일부터 감소하고, 수출용 오이들은 지속적으로 감소 추세를 보였고 대조군은 미생물 증식 속도가 늦은 경향을 보였다. 4. 총균수는 세 품종 모두 발효 적기인 14일에 최대 균수를 보인 후에도 증가가 계속되어 발효가 서서히 진행되는 경향을 보였다. ◁표삽입▷ 원문을 참조하세요 5. 세 품종의 젖산균수도 총균수의 변화와 경향은 유사했으나 발효 적기인 14일에 최대균수를 보인 후 발효말기까지 큰 변화를 나타내지 않았다. 6. 물성도의 변화는 저장 14일 째에 측정한 결과 견고도는 대조군이 수출용 오이들보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 7. 관능 검사 결과 저장 기간 동안 의관은 세 시료 모두 높은 값을 나타내고, 저장기간과 시료간의 Pearson의 상관 계수는 초록색의 정도와 아작함이 유의 수준내에서 음의 관계를 보였다. In this research, we targeted to see if there was difference of shelf-lives of two different species cucumber. We pickled domestic and exporting cucumber to make comparison while they were fermented and stored. As for the domestic cucumber we choose CHICHEONG and for the exporting cucumber we choose special BAEKSEONG and SHARP I. We blanched them and soaked them into hot saline water for 8 hours. Two kinds of cucumber Kimchi were at room temperature for first day and 5℃ from 2nd to 28th day. It was found, from the results, that all of samples of pH reached at 305℃0.1 on the 14th of fermentation. The titratable acidity of the control increased on 14th day of fermentation, which was bit late than change of others. The reducing sugar contents of the control did not decrease until 7th day of fermentation while reducing sugar contents of others decreased gradually from the beginning. the patterns of microfloral changes of two kinds of Cucumber Kimchi were similar during fermentation period. The number of total cell increased up to 14th day, similarly the numbers of lactic acid bacteria increased up to 14th day then barely decreased. The hardness of the control was bit higher than others when it was measured on 14th day of fermentation. The sensory evaluation of Cucumber Kimchi with different species showed that both species had significant high negative scores in green color and crispness when those were compared between fermentation time and samples.

Methotrexate 치료를 받고 있는 활동성 류마티스 관절염 환자에서 etanercept의 유효성과 안전성에 관한 연구

최병렬,강태영,정청일,이혜순,엄완식,김태환,전재범,유대현,배상철 대한내과학회 2004 대한내과학회지 Vol.66 No.5

목적 : 류마티스 관절염을 앓고 있는 한국인 중에 기존 DMARDs로 치료 실패하였고, 고정용량의 MTX를 복용하고 있는 환자들에 있어서 etanercept의 유효성과 안전성을 평가하고자 하였다. 방법 : 기존 DMARDs로 치료 실패한 활동성 류마티스 관절염 환자 76명을 대상으로 하여 단일군, 공개시험을 하였다. 대상 환자들은 고정용량의 MTX를 복용하면서 etanercept 25 mg을 1주일에 두 번 피하 주사하였으며 12주간 투여하였다. 유효성은 ACR 20, ACR 50,조조강직 시간으로 평가하였고, 약제의 안전성은 이상반응 등으로 평가하였다. 결과 : 대상 환자는 총 76명으로 평균 연령은 45.2세, 남자 5명, 여자 71명이었다. 84.4%인 54명이 12주째에 ACR 20을 만족하였고, 53.1%인 34명이 12주째에 ACR 50을 만족하였다. 조조 강직 시간은 치료 전 203.3분에서 치료 12주째 42.6분을 평균 74.5% 호전되었다. 가장 흔한 이상반응은 주사부위 반응이었다. 이외에도 상기도 감염, 오심, 안면부종 등이 발생하였으나 심각한 부작용은 없었다. 결론 : etanercept는 효과적이고, 안전한 류마티스 관절염 치료 방법이며 특히 MTX치료에도 불구하고 활동성인 류마티스 관절염에 기대되는 치료라고 할 수 있다. Background : This study was performed to investigate the efficacy and safety of etanercept in active rheumatoid arthritis patients with stable dose of methotrexate in Korean. Methods : In a 12 week, single arm, open trial, we assigned 76 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis who had an inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Patients received twice-weekly subcutaneous injections of etanercept 25 ㎎ while containing to receive methotrexate at a stable dose of 7.5~25 ㎎ per week. The clinical response was defined as the percent improvement in disease activity according to the criteria of the American Collage of Rheumatology (ACR) at 12 weeks. Results : Etanrecept led to significant improvements in disease activity and was safe and well tolerated. At 12 week, 84.4% of the patients receiving 25 ㎎ of etanercept achieved a 20% ACR response, and 53.1% of those receiving etanercept achieved a 50% ACR response. The most common adverse event was injection-site reaction. Other advanse events were upper respiratory infection, nausea, and facial edema, but there were no serious adverse events associated with etanercept. Conclusion : In active rheumatoid arthritis patients, etanercept was safe, well tolerated, and provided rapid clinical improvements.

피칸(Carya illinoensis C. KocH)으로부터 지질대사물질의 분리 및 동정

송명종,한민우,양혜정,이대영,노영덕,백남인 경희대학교식량자원개발연구소 2007 硏究論文集 Vol.26 No.1

피칸(Carya illinoensis C. Koch) 열매를 80% MeOH로 추출하고, 추출물을 극성에 따라 n-hexane, CHCl_(3), EtOAc, n-BuOH 및 물로 분배, 추출하였다. 이 중 EtOAc분획으로부터 silica gel column chromatography를 반복하여 4종의 지질화합물을 분리하였다. 분리된 화합물 화학구조는, NMR 및 MS 등의 스펙트럼을 해석하여 oleic acid methyl ester, linoleic acid methyl ester, β-sitosterol, daucosterol(3-O-β-D-glucopyaranosyl β-sitosterol)으로 동정하였다. Carya illinoensis C. Koch was extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with n-hexane, CHCl_(3), EtOAc, n-BuOH and H_(2)O, successively. From the EtOAc fraction, four compounds were isolated through the repeated silica gel column chromatographies. From the results of physico-chemical data including NMR, MS and IR, the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as oleic aicd methyl ester(1), linoleic aicd methyl ester(2), β-sitosterol(3), and daucosterol(4). They were the first to be isolated from C. illinoensis.

NOD/SCID 마우스 모델을 이용한 인간 제대혈 혼합이식에서의 생착 양상 분석

정양조,김동욱,조빈,강영주,박보배,김혜정,김태규,오일환 대한조혈모세포이식학회 2002 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.7 No.2

연구배경: 제대혈은 골수에 비해 많은 장점을 가지고 있음에도, 이식 후 성적에 있어 총세포수에 의해 좌우되며, 한 개의 태반으로부터 얻을 수 있는 총세포수의 한계가 있어 주로 소아에 국한되고 있다. 따라서 제대혈 응용의 확대를 위해 생착량을 늘이기 위한 방법으로 다중공여자에 의한 제대혈 혼합이식을 늘일 수 있는지 연구하기 위하여, 본 연구에서는 주조직적합성 형별로 조합된 제대혈을 NOD/ SCID 생쥐에 이식하는 방법으로, 혼합생착의 가능성을 연구하였다. 방법: 조합된 2개 공여자로부터 얻어진 제대혈들을 단일이식 및 혼합이식하여, 혼합이식된 숙주에 생착된 세포를 PCR-SSOP 방법을 사용하여 공여자 별로 추적하였다. 또한 각 공여자세포의 상대적 생착비율을 대조군인 단일제대혈 이식에서 얻어진 생착량과 비교하는 정량적 비교도 함께 하였다. 결과: 총단핵구를 혼합이식한 실험군에서는 주조직적합성의 일치도에 관계없이 한쪽공여자의 세포가 다른쪽에 비해 우세한 편향생착을 보였다. 그러나 임파구를 비롯한 Lineage 양성세포를 제거한 실험군에서는 주조직적합성의 불일치에도 불구하고 뚜렸한 생착의 공존이 관찰되었다. 결론: 본 연구는 제대혈의 생착량을 증가를 목적으로 총단핵구를 혼합이식할 경우 한쪽공여자의 세포에 의해 편중되며, 이것을 이식 후 생착과정에서의 두 종류의 세포의 경쟁에 의해 초래된다는 것을 보이고 있다. 또한 이러한 경쟁은 제대혈에 포함되어 있던 임파구들에 의한 것이며, 생착공존을 위하여는 공여자간 주조직적합성의 일치도 보다, 임파구의 제거가 더 중요하다는 것을 보여주고 있다. Background: Although umbilical cord blood (UCB) has been an attractive alternatives for bone marrow cells, application is limited to pediatric case due to limitation in total number of nucleated cells, that is a single most important factor for outcomes of UCB transplantation. Therefore, increasing overall engraftment by mixed transplantation of UCB derived from multiple donor should comprise one strategy to circumvent the posed limitation of UCB transplantation. In order to investigate the feasibility of establishing co-engraftment by multi-donor UCB cells, we carried out a xenotransaplantation study using NOD/SCID mice for systemic analysis of results on the input-based control of single unit transplantation. Methods: UCB units with various extent of HLA-matchings were co-transplanted into NOD/SCID mice along with single unit transplantation control. The relative contributions of engraftment by cells from each donor-derived were analyzed by HLA polymorphism using PCR-SSOP. Results: In all HLA-based mixed transplantation of total nucleated UCB cells, engraftment of one donor predominated over the other despite that equivalent amount of engraftments were achieved by single donor transplantation. When lineage depleted UCB units were co-transplanted, significant degree of co-engraftments were observed regardless of HLA disparity. Conclusion: Our result show that one donor cells dominate over the other in mixed UCB transplantation and that it is due to competition between donor cells during post-transplantation process. Our results suggest that immune cells contained in UCB unit mediate such competitioin and that 6 locus HLA matching would not be sufficient to prevent the competition.