Implications for the Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Decomposition Mechanism through Similarity and Dissimilarity between PETases from Rhizobacter gummiphilus and Ideonella sakaiensis

Hwaseok HONG,Jiyoung PARK,Kyung-Jin KIM 한국생물공학회 2022 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.4

Sequence, Structure and Function-based Classification of the Broadly Conserved FAH Superfamily Reveals Two Distinct Fumarylpyruvate Hydrolase Subfamilies

Hwaseok HONG,Jiyoung PARK,Dongwoo KI,Kyung-Jin KIM 한국생물공학회 2023 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.4

High Galacto-oligosaccharide Production and Transgalactosylation Mode of β-galactosidase II from Bacillus circulans

Hwaseok HONG,Dongwo KI,Kyung-Jin KIM 한국생물공학회 2022 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.9

CORBA 환경에서 OSI 관리 시스템을 위한 CMIP 프로토콜의 구현

오화석(Hwaseok Oh),최명환(Myungwhan Choi),이동면(Dongmyun Lee) 한국정보과학회 1997 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.1997 No.4

대형마트 Brand Identity 강화전략 사례연구 : E-mart, Lotte-Mart, Home Plus를 중심으로

강화석(Hwaseok Kang) 한국외국어대학교 지식출판콘텐츠원 글로벌경영연구소 2017 글로벌경영연구 = Journal of global business research Vol.29 No.2

이 사례연구는 지난 25여 년에 걸쳐 성장하고 발전한 국내 대형마트 시장을 선도한 이마트, 롯데마트, 홈플러스의 brand 커뮤니케이션 전략을 전반적으로 정리한 것이다. 국내 대형마트 시장은 비교적 짧은 시간 속에서 급성장하였지만, 유례없는 치열한 경쟁과 유통업계의 급속한 변화를 동시에 경험하면서 자신의 위치를 구축하여 국내의 대표적 소매유통 업태로 자리를 잡았다. 이제는 유통 Trend를 선도하며 국내 시장에 머물지 않고 Global Brand로서 외연을 확장중인 국내 대형마트 3사의 Brand Identity 전략 전개의 핵심은 유통업태의 본질에 충실하면서 내부 역량 강화와 고유의 기업문화 정착, 그리고 미래지향적인 판단으로 지속가능경영전략 개념 등을 적극적이며 구체적인 실천 프로그램을 통해 전개 하였다는 것이다. 대형마트 3사는 자신의 brand identity를 강화하기 위한 구체적이고 전반전인 전략을 비교적 복합적이며, 체계적으로 전개하였다. 그리고 고객의 욕구를 이해하고 고객의 입장에서 대응하려는 태도를 통하여 고객집단과 효과적인 커뮤니케이션을 시도하였다. 이에 따라 원가경쟁력을 높이거나 PB상품을 개발하여 경제적 이익을 제고하려는 본질적인 노력과 함께 고유한 기업문화구축과 내부 역량을 강화하려고 노력하였으며, 그리고 지속가능한 경영전략개념을 수용하여 적극적으로 친환경 경영, 사회공헌활동, 지역사회 발전, 이해관계자와의 동반성장 등을 추구하려는 노력은 고객집단에 호의적으로 전달되었다고 할 수 있다. 이처럼 고객의 입장에서 고객의 욕구를 이해하고 부응하면서 국내 대형마트 3사가 자신들의 Brand identity를 강화하고 한국형 대형마트 모델을 정착시킨 이들의 brand communication전략사례를 정리해 보는 것은 다양한 마케팅 환경에 처한 여러 업계에도 유의미한 영향을 줄 수 있을 것으로 예상한다. This case study is a summary of the brand communication strategies of E-Mart, Lotte Mart, and Home plus, which have led the domestic market of large-scale marts that have grown and developed over the last 25 years. Although the domestic large-scale mart market has grown rapidly in a relatively short period of time, it has established itself as one of the leading retail distribution channels in Korea, experiencing unprecedented competition and major changes in the distribution industry. The key to the development of the brand identity strategy of the three major domestic big marts, which are leading the distribution trend and are expanding as a global brand without staying in the domestic market, is to focus on the essence of the retail industry and strengthen its internal capabilities, establish a unique corporate culture. And based on future-oriented judgments, implemented the concept of sustainability management strategy through active and concrete action programs. The three major domestic big marts developed a relatively complex and systematic strategy to strengthen their brand identity. In addition, they tried to communicate effectively with the customer group through understanding the customers’ needs and responding to them from the customer’s standpoint. In other words, while making intrinsic efforts to raise cost competitiveness or develop PB products to enhance economic profit, they have built a company-specific corporate culture and strengthened internal capabilities. And, efforts to actively pursue sustainability management strategies such as eco-friendly management, corporate social responsibility activities, community development, and mutual growth with stakeholders have been passed on favorably to customers. Likewise, understanding and responding to customers’ needs from the customer’s standpoint, it is anticipated that summarizing the examples of brand communication strategies of the three big domestic marts, which strengthened their brand identity and settled Korean large-scale mart models, could have a significant impact on various industries in various marketing environments.

Chemical Effects of Tin Oxide Nanoparticles in Polymer Electrolytes-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Chae, Hwaseok,Song, Donghoon,Lee, Yong-Gun,Son, Taewook,Cho, Woohyung,Pyun, Yong Bum,Kim, Tea-Yon,Lee, Jung Hyun,Fabregat-Santiago, Francisco,Bisquert, Juan,Kang, Yong Soo American Chemical Society 2014 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.118 No.30

<P>The effects on the photovoltaic performance of the incorporation of SnO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles into the polymer of a solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) based on the poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether solid electrolyte are studied in this paper. It has been found that the addition of SnO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles to the solid electrolyte produces several key changes in the properties of the solid-state DSC that produced a better performance of the device. Therefore, we have measured an improvement in electrolyte conductivity by a factor of 2, a linear rise in the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> conduction band position, a reduction in the electron recombination rate, and a decrease in charge-transfer resistance at the counterlectrode/electrolyte interface. All these improvements produced an increase in the power conversion efficiency from 4.5 to 5.3% at 1 sun condition, a consequence of the increase of both <I>V</I><SUB>oc</SUB> (oc = open circuit) and <I>J</I><SUB>sc</SUB> (sc = short circuit) without any sacrifice in FF (fill factor)<I>.</I> The origin of these changes has been associated to the strong Lewis acidic character of SnO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles yielding to the formation of a I<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>–</SUP> percolation layer for holes at the surface of SnO<SUB>2</SUB> and the reduction of the concentration of free I<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>–</SUP> and K<SUP>+</SUP> ions inside the pores of TiO<SUB>2</SUB>. From these results, it is concluded that the physicochemical effects of inorganic nanofiller in the polymer electrolyte may also be considered a good route in designing the high efficiency solid-state DSCs employing the polymer electrolyte.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2014/jpccck.2014.118.issue-30/jp4117485/production/images/medium/jp-2013-117485_0012.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp4117485'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

아모레퍼시픽의 성공과 글로벌 브랜드 전략 사례

강화석(Hwaseok Kang) 한국외국어대학교 지식출판콘텐츠원 글로벌경영연구소 2016 글로벌경영연구 = Journal of global business research Vol.28 No.1

국내 최대 화장품 기업인 아모레퍼시픽은 확고부동하게 국내 1위 위치를 고수하고 있으며, 글로벌 시장에서 영향력을 확대해 나가면서 글로벌 브랜드로서 입지를 강화해 나가는 중이다. 지난 해(2015년)로 창립 70주년을 맞은 아모레퍼시픽은 품질제일주의 정신으로 최고의 제품을 생산하기 위하여 연구개발의 중요성을 인식하고 국내 최초로 연구소를 설립하였으며, 지속적인 투자를 통해 세계적인 수준의 연구개발 환경을 갖추면서, 글로벌 경쟁력을 확대해 나가는 중이다. 아모레퍼시픽은 1997년 한국의 전통문화를 계승하고 한방이론에 의해 개발한 한방원료를 사용한 세계적인 명품 한방브랜드 ‘설화수’를 런칭한 이후 오늘날 아시아의 가치를 글로벌 시장에 선보이며 한류 붐과 함께 K뷰티를 선도하고 있다. 이 사례연구는 아모레퍼시픽의 기술개발과 품질을 중시하면서 고객의 요구와 필요에 부응하는 고객중심의 브랜드관리를 통하여 한국의 화장품 시장을 선도할 뿐만 아니라, 국내 시장에만 머무르지 않고 글로벌 시장을 개척하여 명품 글로벌 브랜드와 직접 경쟁하고 있는 아모레퍼시픽의 성공과 글로벌 전략에 대하여 정리하고자 하였다. 오늘날의 아모레퍼시픽의 성공과 글로벌 브랜드로서의 성공적인 시장 확대는 창업자의 창업정신을 반영하는 기업가 정신, 최고 품질의 제품 생산, 그리고 고객중심의 브랜드 아이덴티티를 구축함으로서 획득한 브랜드 자산이 서로 시너지 효과를 일으킨 결과라 할 수 있다. AmorePacific, Korea’s largest cosmetics company has steadfastly adhere to the domestic No. 1 position, going to expand its influence in the global market. It is also outgoing and strengthen its position as a global brand. AmorePacific celebrated 70th anniversary last year. The company recognized the importance of research and development to produce the best products at the Quality First Spirit and established the first domestic research institutes. Through continuous investment in research and development, its world-class environment equipped, being outgoing to expand its global competitiveness. AmorePacific launched the world’s luxury oriental brand ‘Sulwhasoo’ in 1997, which inherited the traditional culture of Korea, and used herbal raw materials by the oriental theory. It has developed by the oriental theory to the global market leader in the K Beauty with Korean Wave. This case study was to organize for success in the global strategy of AmorePacific cosmetics company through the brand management of customers with emphasis on technical development and quality of AmorePacific in response to customer needs and wants center, as well as leading Korea’s cosmetics market, not staying only in the cosmetic market to open up global markets in direct competition with global luxury brand. Successful market expansion as today’s AmorePacific’s success and global brand as a result caused the ‘entrepreneurship’ that reflects the founding spirit of the founder, the highest quality products and brand equity acquired by building a customer-oriented brand identity synergy effect with each other.

Structural insights into a maleylpyruvate hydrolase from <i>sphingobium sp.</i> SYK-6, a bacterium degrading lignin-derived aryls

Hong, Hwaseok,Seo, Hogyun,Kim, Kyung-Jin Elsevier 2019 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol.514 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Sphingobium sp.</I> strain SYK-6, an aerobic gram-negative bacillus found in soil, is known for utilizing lignin-derived monoaryls and biaryls as carbon sources and degrading aromatic compounds. The <I>Sphingobium sp.</I> strain SYK-6 genome contains three genes involved in salicylate catabolism: <I>SLG_11260</I>, <I>SLG_11270,</I> and <I>SLG_11280</I>. Here, we report that the gene product of <I>SLG_11280</I> functions as a maleylpyruvate hydrolase (<I>Ss</I>MPH) with <I>K</I> <SUB> <I>m</I> </SUB> and <I>K</I> <SUB> <I>cat</I> </SUB> values of 166.2 μM and 3.76 min<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively. This study also reveals the crystal structures of both the apo and pyruvate-manganese ion-bound <I>Ss</I>MPH, which revealed that like other fumarylacetoacetate hydrolases, <I>Ss</I>MPH dimerizes and has nine unique 3<SUB>10</SUB>-helices. Molecular docking studies of maleylpyruvate also revealed the likely binding mode of <I>Ss</I>MPH and its substrate.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The gene product of SLG_11280 functions as a maleylpyruvate hydrolase. </LI> <LI> The Km and Kcat values of SsMPH for maleylpyruvate were 166.2 μM and 3.76 min-1, respectively. </LI> <LI> The first crystal structure of maleylpyruvate hydrolase was determined. </LI> </UL> </P>

Structure and biochemical studies of a pseudomonad maleylpyruvate isomerase from <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> PAO1

Hong, Hwaseok,Seo, Hogyun,Kim, Kyung-Jin Elsevier 2019 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol.514 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I> PAO1 can utilize various aromatic hydrocarbons as a carbon source. Among the three genes involved in the gentisate pathway of <I>P. aeruginosa</I>, the gene product of <I>PA2473</I> belongs to the ζ-class glutathione S-transferase and is predicted to be a maleylpyruvate isomerase. In this study, we determined the crystal structure of maleylpyruvate isomerase from <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I> PAO1 (<I>Pa</I>MPI) at a resolution of 1.8 Å. <I>Pa</I>MPI functions as a dimer and shows the glutathione S-transferase fold. The structure comparison with other glutathione S-transferase structures enabled us to predict the glutathione cofactor binding site and suggests that <I>Pa</I>MPI has differences in residues that make up the putative substrate binding site. Biochemical study of <I>Pa</I>MPI showed that the protein has an MPI activity. Interestingly, unlike the reported glutathione S-transferases so far, the purified <I>Pa</I>MPI showed isomerase activity without the addition of the reduced glutathione, although the protein showed much higher activity when the glutathione cofactor was added to the reaction mixture. Taken together, our studies reveal that the gene product of <I>PA2473</I> functions as a maleylpyruvate isomerase and might be involved in the gentisate pathway.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Crystal structure of maleylpyruvate isomerase from <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I> PAO1 was determined. </LI> <LI> The gene product of <I>PA2473</I> functions as a maleylpyruvate isomerase and might be involved in the gentisate pathway. </LI> <LI> Based on the structural comparisons, we suggested the formation of the cofactor and substrate binding site of <I>Pa</I>MPI. </LI> </UL> </P>

Sequence, structure and function‐based classification of the broadly conserved FAH superfamily reveals two distinct fumarylpyruvate hydrolase subfamilies

Hong, Hwaseok,Seo, Hogyun,Park, Woojin,Kim, Kyung‐,Jin BLACKWELL SCIENCE 2020 ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY Vol.22 No.1

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) superfamily proteins are found ubiquitously in microbial pathways involved in the catabolism of aromatic substances. Although extensive bioinformatic data on these proteins have been acquired, confusion caused by problems with the annotation of these proteins hinders research into determining their physiological functions. Here we classify 606 FAH superfamily proteins using a maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree, comparative gene‐neighbourhood patterns and <I>in vitro</I> enzyme assays. The FAH superfamily proteins used for the analyses are divided into five distinct subfamilies, and two of them, FPH‐A and FPH‐B, contain the majority of the proteins of undefined function. These subfamilies include clusters designated FPH‐I and FPH‐II, respectively, which include two distinct types of fumarylpyruvate hydrolase (FPH), an enzyme involved in the final step of the gentisate pathway. We determined the crystal structures of these FPH enzymes at 2.0 Å resolutions and investigate the substrate binding mode by which these types of enzymes can accommodate fumarylpyruvate as a substrate. Consequentially, we identify the molecular signatures of the two types of FPH enzymes among the broadly conserved FAH superfamily proteins. Our studies allowed us to predict the relationship of unknown FAH superfamily proteins using their sequence information.</P>