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신은주(Eun Ju Shin),황세희(Se Hee Hwang) 대한소아신경학회 2016 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.24 No.1
Purpose: Status epilepticus (SE) is the most common life-threatening neurological condition in childhood. To clarify the incidence and outcome, we have evaluated the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of SE patients in Korea. Methods: In evaluating data from the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS), we retrospectively analyzed patients, and classified them by age and sex distribution, body temperature, time on arrival, seasonal variation and treatment outcome. The patients were under 8 years old who visited 111 general hospital emergency rooms in Korea between 2007 and 2013. Results: There were 4,257 total patients enrolled in our study. The ratio of males to females was 1.11:1. The incidence of SE in Korean children was 14.5/100,000 in 2010, and the highest incidence was seen in patients 1 to 2 years old. We could not find a seasonal variation. Febrile patients with temperatures over 38 °C accounted for 1,901 patients(44.7%). Peak time on arrival was 6 p.m. to midnight for 1,301 patients (30.5%). 3,356 patients (78.8%) were admitted immediately for proper treatment, while 678 patients(15.9%) were allowed to go home after emergency treatment. Unfortunately, 4 patients (0.1%) died despite first aid. Conclusion: The most common age in SE is 1 to 2 years. Regarding the correlation of fever with SE, patients who exhibit fever accounted for almost half of the patients with SE. In our study, the mortality rate in emergency room was 0.1%. Therefore, anyone who is suspected to have SE should be immediately transferred to a general hospital with ICU facilities for intensive treatment under the direction of medical experts.
A Decision Model for Advertising Expense: From the Perspective of the Blockholder's Private Benefits
Hwang,Joon-Ho,Chun,Se-Hak 한국상품학회 2009 商品學硏究 Vol.27 No.2
This paper examines how the size of private benefits of large owners, measured using block premium, affects changes in advertising expense of the company. If large owners enjoy private benefits through engaging in pet projects, it will result in increased advertising expense. On a sample of 130 firms whose blocks of shares are traded in the U.S., we show that the magnitude of private benefits is not associated with changes in advertising expense.
Park, Se Jin,Jeon, Hyo Sang,Cho, Jin Woo,Hwang, Yun Jeong,Park, Kyung Su,Shim, Hyeong Seop,Song, Jae Kyu,Cho, Yunae,Kim, Dong-Wook,Kim, Jihyun,Min, Byoung Koun American Chemical Society 2015 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.7 No.49
<P>Significant enhancement of solution-processed CuInxGa1-x(Se,S)(2) (CIGSSe) thin-film solar cell performance was achieved by inducing a band gap gradient in the film thickness, which was triggered by the chalcogenization process. Specifically, after the preparation of an amorphous mixed oxide film of Cu, In, and Ga by a simple paste coating method chalcogenization under Se vapor, along with the flow of dilute H2S gas, resulted in the formation of CIGSSe films with graded composition distribution: S-rich top, In- and Se-rich middle, and Ga- and S-rich bottom. This uneven compositional distribution was confirmed to lead to a band gap gradient in the film, which may also be responsible for enhancement in the open circuit voltage and reduction in photocurrent loss, thus increasing the overall efficiency. The highest power conversion efficiency of 11.7% was achieved with J(sc) of 28.3 mA/cm(2), V-oc of 601 mV, and FF of 68.6%.</P>
동시진공증착법으로 형성한 (Ag<SUB>w</SUB>Cu<SUB>1-w</SUB>)(In<SUB>x</SUB>Ga<SUB>1-x</SUB>)Se₂ 박막 태양전지의 Ag 첨가 효과
황지선(Jiseon Hwang),조윤애(Yunae Cho),윤재호(Jae Ho Yun),어영주(Young-Joo Eo),곽지혜(Jihye Gwak),조아라(Ara Cho),박주형(Joo Hyung Park),안세진(Se Jin Ahn),유진수(Jin So Yoo),안승규(Seung Kyu Ahn),조준식(Jun Sik Cho),김기환(Kihwan Kim) 한국태양에너지학회 2020 한국태양에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.10
Interleukin-2가 Mouse 폐장의 폐포간 중격의 미세구조에 미치는 영향
황세진,김종우,정호삼,이규식 한양대학교 의과대학 1990 한양의대 학술지 Vol.10 No.1
Interleukin-2, a kind of lymphokine which is produced by activated T-lymphocytes during an immune response, is known to act not only as a growth factor for many cells of immune system but stimulates differentiation of cells of immune system. Although interleukin-2 is a useful agent for cancer immunotherapy and inhibiting agent of tumor cell metastasis, administration of interleukin-2 to cancer patient may cause various side effects such as pulmonary edema due to capillary leakage. In this experiment the author pursued the effects of interleukin-2 on ultrastructure of interalveolar septum in lung of mouse. Healthy male mice weighing about 20gm were used as experimental animals and divided into control group and experimental group. During the experiment water and foods were given ad libitum. Animals of control group were injected 0.2 ml of distilled water and animals of experimental grouup were injected 2 million units per kg body weight of interleukin-2 intraperitoneally Experimental animals were sacrified at 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after administration and lung specimens were obtained. All specimens, which were prefixed in 2% glutaradehyde-2.5% paraformaldehyde and postfixed in osmium tetraoxide were dehydrated and embedded in Epon Araldite 502. Ultrathinsection about 600-800 in thickness, and uranyl acetate and lead citrate double stain were performed and all electron microscopic specimens were observed with JEM 100cx-II electron microscope. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The type I pneumocyte of interalveolar septum of lungs in interleukin-2 treated mice were swollen, separated from basal lamina. 2. Capillary endothelial cell of interalveolar septum of lungs in interleukin-2 treated mice were swollen, and pinocytic vesicles in endothelial cell were enlarged and increased in number. 3. Lamellar bodies of type II pneumocytes of interalveolar septum of lungs in interleukin-2 treated mice were enlarged, and vacuolized. 4. Mitochondria and microvilli of type II pneumocytes of interalveolar septum of lungs in interleukin-2 treated mice were decreased in number. It is consequently suggested that interleukin-2 induces intracellular edema of both the type I pneumocyte and the endothelial cell and damages to type II pneumocyte of interalveolar septum of lung in mice but alveolar epithelial cells and endothelial cells are recover as time goes by.
조사광이 통과하는 치질의 두께와 광조사시간에 따른 광중합형 복합레진의 중합률에 관한 연구
황기환,장인호,이세준,이광원 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.1
Physical properties of composite resins such as strength, resistance to wear, discoloration, etc depend on the degree of conversion of the resin components. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of conversion of the composite resins according to the thickness of tooth structure penetrated by light and applied light curing time. The coronal portions of extracted human teeth( one anterior tooth, three posterior tooth) was embedded by pink denture material. the mounted teeth were cut into three illumination sections (1mm thickness enamel section, 1mm thickness dentin section, 2mm thickness dentin section) and one backing section with cutting wheel. Thin resin films were made by using 6kg pressure between slide glass during 5 minutes. Thin resin film was light cured on coupled illumination section during 40sec, 80sec and 120sec. each illumination section was coupled as follows: no tooth structure(X), ename section(E), enamel section + 1mm dentin section(ED1), enamel section + 2mm dentin section(ED2), enamel section + 1mm dentin section + 2mm dentin section(EDD). To simulate the clinical situation more closely, thin resin film was cured against a backing section of tooth structure. The degree of conversion of carbon double bonds to single bonds in the resin films were examined by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer. The results were obtained as follows; 1. As curing time was increased, conversion rate was increased and as tooth thickness which was penetrated by curing light was increased, conversion rate was decreased. 2. At all tooth thickness groups, conversion rate between 80sec and 120sec was not significantly increased(P>0.05). 3. At 40sec group and 80sec, conversion rate between no tooth structure(X) group and 1mm enamel section(E) group was not significantly decreased(P>0.05). 4. At 80sec group and 120sec, conversion rate between 1mm enamel section(E) group and 1mm enamel section + 1mm dentin section(ED1) group was not significantly decreased(P>0.05).
황찬순,이형주,김진섭,이정희,박세일,권성원 한국센서학회 2002 센서학회지 Vol.11 No.3
저주파수의 저전압용 크로멜-알루멜 다중접합 열전변환기를 개발하고자 NiCr 히터의 두께를400 nm, 600 nm 및 800 nm로 변화시켰다. 40 Hz∼10 kHz의 직류 역방향 주파수 범위로 0.5 V의 교류 실효전압을 열전변환기에 인가시켰을 때 히터의 두께가 400 nm인 열전변환기가 ±0.51∼±1.69 ppm 범위의 열전효과에 의한 교류-직류 전압 변환오차를 나타내었고, 열전효과 및 주파수에 의한 교류-직류 변환오차는 40 Hz∼l MHz의 주파수 범위에서 ±40∼±115 ppm 범위를 나타내어, 저주파수의 저전압용으로 사용할 수 있었다. NiCr-heaters with three different thicknesses ranging from 400 nm to 800 nm were fabricated and their characteristics were compared for the purpose of developing a chromel-alumel multijunction thermal converter for low input voltage with low frequency. The thermoelectric effect-induced AC-DC voltage transfer difference of the thermal converter with a built-in NiCr-heater of 400 nm-thickness was ±0.51∼±1.69 ppm in the DC reversing frequency of 40 Hz∼10 kHz with appling 0.5 V_rms and the difference was increased to ±40∼±115 ppm in the frequency of 40 Hz~l MHz, when both thermoelectric effects and frequency effects were considered, showing the thermal converter would be suitable for the low input voltage application with low frequency.