동맥혈 채혈후 시간 경과 및 온도 변화가 가스분압 및 PH 에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김동수,이승환,김건식,강화자,신광일,여민구 대한마취과학회 1989 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.22 No.6

Blood gas samples are highly susceptible to preanalytic error due to improper methods of obtaining or handling the sample prior to delivery to the laboratory. The errors in the measurement of blood gas analysis are currently derived from the exposure of sample to atmosphere, effects of anticoagulant itself, temperature difference between the measuring electrode and drawn blood and the delay in running the sample. To study the effects of the delay in measuring the sample and the temperature difference between the measuring electrode and drawn blood on values of blood gases and pH, we analyzed the arterial sampling from the 24 patients who were taking elective surgery or on his/her recovery period with indwelling arterial catheter. The plastic sampling syringes were kept at 4。C (refrigerator) or 22。-24。C (room temperature) and analyzed at regular intervals (1, 10, 30, 60,120 min) for 120 minutes. The following results were obtained: 1) When the arterial blood drawn from the anesthetized patients were stored 4。C, partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) decreased significantly after 20 min, whereas those stored at room temperature decreased significantly after 10 min. 2) When the arterial blood drawn from the recovery patients were stored at 4。C, PaO₂ did not decrease significantly through the experimental period of 120 min. Although those stored at room temperature did not decrease significantly through the period of 120 min. 3) Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood (PaCO₂,) drawn from the anesthetized patients increased significantly by 120 min. at 4。C, whereas those at room temperature increased significantly after 20 min. 4) PaCO₂, of the recovery patients increased signigicantly by 120 min. at 4。C, whereas those at room temperature increased significantly after 30 min. 5) pH of the arterial blood drawn from either anesthetized or recovery patients decreased significantly by 120 min. at 4。C, whereas those at room temperature decreased significantly after 60 min. 6) No significant changes al oxygen saturation (SaO₂) and content (CaO₂) were noted in either anesthetized or recovery. patients in accordance with time elapsed at 4。C or room temperature. In summary, as the changes of PO₂ in particular higher than physiologic PO₂ and PCO₂ in the arterial blood stored at room temperature are significant in accordance with the delay in measuring, it would be advisable to analyze the sample in a short period of time or to store it in a cool place when the measuring will be delayed.

Preparation and Evaluation of Gelatin - Acacia Microcapsules of Sulfamethoxazole

Lee, Min Hwa,Yoo, Bong Gyu 한국약제학회 1982 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.12 No.4

Sulfamethoxazole particles were microencapsulated using the gelatin-acacia complex coacervation method. Micromeritic properties and dissolution characteristics of the microcapsules were studied. The particle size distribution followed log-normal form. As the hardening time increased, the particle size and wall thickness increased (45.3-52.0 ㎛, 2.02-5.12 ㎛, respectively). This is considered to be due to the cross-linked wall structure of formalized microcapsules which prevents shrinking of gelatin during the dehydration and drying processes. An increase of hardening time clearly delayed the release rate. The in vitro 50% dissolution time (t_(50)) for unencapsulated sulfamethoxazole powder was less than 3 min. ; for microcapsules hardened for 30 min, the t_(50) was 20.1 min. ; for those hardened for 60 min. the t_(50) was 25.0 min. ; for those hardened for 120 min., the t_(50) was 35.8 min. The surface of the unhardened microcapsules was smooth and had no cracking or pore penetration. However, the surface of the hardened microcapsules was folded and invaginated.

해도 정보를 이용한 선박의 최적 항로 생성

김민규(Min-Kyu Kim),김종화(Jong-Hwa Kim),양현(Hyun Yang) 한국항해항만학회 2022 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.2

Min-Kyu Kim*․Jong-Hwa Kim**․†최근 자율 운항 선박에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 특히, MUNIN (Maritime Unmanned Navigation through Intelligence in Networks) 프로젝트를 계기로 자율 운항 선박에 대한 개발과 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 또한 국제해사기구 IMO는 자율 운항 선박 시대에대응하기 위해 자율 선박을 MASS (Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship)라 정의하고 선박 자율화 정도에 따라 4단계 등급을 제시하고 있다. 완전한 자율 운항 선박에 대한 요구조건을 만족하기 위해서는 항로 결정과 제어기술이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 여러 가지 기술 중 선박의최적경로를 생성하는 기법을 다룬다. 기존에 최적항로를 생성하기 위한 방법으로는   , Dijkstra와 같은 알고리즘들이 주로 사용되었다. 그러나 이와 같은 알고리즘은 섬이나 육지에 대한 충돌 회피는 고려하고 있지만 수심 및 연안 선박에 대한 규정들은 고려하지 않고 있어실제로 적용하기에는 한계점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 안전을 위해 선박의 선저 여유 수심과, 해도에 규정되어 있는 선박 운항에 대한여러 규정들을 반영하여 최적 항로를 생성하고자 한다. 최적 항로를 생성하기 위한 알고리즘으로는 강화학습 기반의 Q-learning 알고리즘을적용하였다.

Conversion of 6-gingerol to 6-shogaol in ginger (<i>Zingiber officinale</i>) pulp and peel during subcritical water extraction

Ko, Min-Jung,Nam, Hwa-Hyun,Chung, Myong-Soo Elsevier 2019 Food chemistry Vol.270 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Subcritical water extraction is an eco-friendly method for the extraction of less polar compounds without the use of organic solvents. This study determined the extraction conditions that maximize the contents of 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol obtained from ginger pulp and peel. The highest yields of 6-gingerol (0.68 ± 0.08 mg/g), and 6-shogaol (0.39 ± 0.03 mg/g) were obtained from ginger pulp at the extraction conditions of 130 °C/25 min, and 190 °C/15 min. 6-Shogaol content increased with the increasing extraction temperature and extraction time due to the conversion of 6-gingerol to 6-shogaol by thermal cracking. The antioxidant activity of ginger extracts were increased depending on the increasing of 6-shogaol content.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Extraction of 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol from ginger was conducted by using subcritical water. </LI> <LI> The contents of 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol from the peel were smaller than pulp. </LI> <LI> 6-Gingerol can be converted to 6-shogaol via processes of subcritical water extraction. </LI> <LI> The antioxidant activity was increased depending on the 6-shogaol content. </LI> </UL> </P>

Use of Antimicrobial Food Additives as Potential Dipping Solutions to Control Pseudomonas spp. Contamination in the Frankfurters and Ham

Mi Hwa Oh,Beom Young Park,Hyun Ji Jo,Soo Min Lee,Hee Young Lee,Kyoung Hee Choi,Yo Han Yoon 한국축산식품학회 2014 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.34 No.5

This study evaluated the effect of sodium diacetate and sodium lactate solutions for reducing the cell count of Pseudomo-nas spp. in frankfurters and hams. A mixture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCCP10338, NCCP10250, and NCCP11229),and Pseudomonas fluorescens (KACC10323 and KACC10326) was inoculated on cooked frankfurters and ham. The inoc-ulated samples were immersed into control (sterile distilled water), sodium diacetate (5 and 10%), sodium lactate (5 and10%), 5% sodium diacetate + 5% sodium lactate, and 10% sodium diacetate + 10% sodium lactate for 0-10 min. Inoculatedfrankfurters and ham were also immersed into acidified (pH 3.0) solutions such as acidified sodium diacetate (5 and 10%),and acidified sodium lactate (5 and 10%) in addition to control (acidified distilled water) for 0-10 min. Total aerobic platecounts for Pseudomonas spp. were enumerated on Cetrimide agar. Significant reductions (ca. 2 Log CFU/g) in Pseudomo-nas spp. cells on frankfurters and ham were observed only for a combination treatment of 10% sodium lactate + 10% sodiumdiacetate. When the solutions were acidified to pH 3.0, the total reductions of Pseudomonas spp. were 1.5-4.0 Log CFU/g. The order of reduction amounts of Pseudomonas spp. cell counts was 10% sodium lactate > 5% sodium lactate ≥ 10%sodium diacetate > 5% sodium diacetate > control for frankfurters, and 10% sodium lactate > 5% sodium lactate > 10%sodium diacetate > 5% sodium diacetate > control for ham. The results suggest that using acidified food additive antimicro-bials, as dipping solutions, should be useful in reducing Pseudomonas spp. on frankfurters and ham.

Genome Wide Expression Profile of Agrimonia pilosa in LPS-stimulated BV-2 Microglial Cells

Sohn, Sung-Hwa,Ko, Eun-Jung,Kim, Sung-Hoon,Kim, Yang-Seok,Shin, Min-Kyu,Hong, Moo-Chang,Bae, Hyun-Su The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2009 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.5 No.1

Microglial cells constitute the first line of defense against infection and injury in the brain. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective mechanisms of Agrimonia pilosa (AP) on LPS-induced activation of BV-2 microglial cells. The effects of AP on gene expression profiles in activated BV-2 microglial cells were evaluated using microarray analysis. BV-2 microglial cells were cultured in a 100 mm dish ($1{\times}10^7/mL$) for 24 hr and then pretreated with 1 g/mL AP or left untreated for 30 min. Next, 1 g/mL LPS was added to the samples and the cells were reincubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, 3 hr and 6 hr. The gene expression profiles of the BV-2 microglial cells varied depending on the AP. The microarray analysis revealed that MAPK signaling pathway-related genes were down-regulated and IL10 gene was up-regulated in AP-treated BV-2 microglial cells. AP can affect the inflammatory response and MAPK pathway in BV-2 microglial cells.

Genome Wide Expression Profile of Asiasarum sieboldi in LPS-stimulated BV-2 Microglial Cells

Sohn, Sung-Hwa,Ko, Eun-Jung,Kim, Yang-Seok,Shin, Min-Kyu,Hong, Moo-Chang,Bae, Hyun-Su The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2008 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.4 No.3

Recent studies suggest that activated microglial cells play an essential role in the inflammatory responses and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective mechanisms of Asiasarum sieboldi (AS) on LPS-induced activation of BV-2 microglial cells. The effects of AS on gene expression profiles in activated BV-2 microglial cells were evaluated using microarray analysis. BV-2 microglial cells were cultured in a 100 mm dish ($1{\times}10^7$/mL) for 24 h and then pretreated with 1 ${\mu}g$/mL AS or left untreated for 30 min. Next, 1 ${\mu}g$/mL LPS was added to the samples and the cells were reincubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 30 min and 1 hr. The gene expression profiles of the BV-2 microglial cells varied depending on the AS. The microarray analysis revealed that MAPK signaling pathway-related genes were downregulated in AS-treated BV-2 microglial cells. AS can affect the neuroinflammatory-related pathway such as MAPK signaling pathway in activated BV-2 microglial cells.

Effects of Mechanical Stimulation on the Proliferation of Bone Marrow-derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Choi, Kyung-Min,Seo, Young-Kwon,Yoon, Hee-Hoon,Song, Kye-Yong,Kwon, Soon-Yong,Lee, Hwa-Sung,Park, Jung-Keug Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineerin 2007 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.12 No.6

To support and enhance the in vitro growth and activity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the cell culture medium may be supplemented with various proteins and factors to mimic the physiological environment in which the cells optimally proliferate and differentiate. In this study, the effects of mechanical factors on cellular metabolic responses were investigated experimentally using a bioreactor. The effects of various chemical factors, such as growth factors, cytokines, and hormones, were also investigated. Based on previous reports demonstrating the important roles of mechanical factors in the growth and activity of MSCs, we sought to evaluate the effects of mechanical stimuli on the proliferation of bone marrow-derived MSCs using a cell training bioreactor that imposed cyclic mechanical stretch, with parameters of 240 min/day, 0.03 Hz, and $5{\sim}15%$ strain. The application of cyclic stretch $(5{\sim}15%\;strain)$ to the MSCs enhanced their proliferation during the early stage(3 days), but not the late stage (14 days), of batch culture. Mechanical stretch did not increase the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from the MSCs during culture. Appropriate levels of mechanical stretch $(5{\sim}10%\;strain)$ increased collagen synthesis, but did not alter MSC stretch was able to serve as a potent positive modulator of MSC proliferation during the initial stages of culture.

Genomewide Expression Profile of Forsythia Suspensa on Lipopolysaccaride-induced Activation in Microglial Cells

Sohn, Sung-Hwa,Ko, Eun-Jung,Kim, Yang-Seok,Shin, Min-Kyu,Hong, Moo-Chang,Bae, Hyun-Su The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2008 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.4 No.2

Microglia, which is the primary immune effector cells in the central nervous system, constitutes the first line of defense against infection and injury in the brain. The goal of this study was to determine the protective (anti-inflammation) mechanisms of forsythia suspense (FS) on LPS-induced activation of BV-2 microglial cells. The effects of FS on gene expression profiles in activated BV-2 microglial cells were evaluated using microarray analysis. BV-2 microglial cells were cultured in a 100mm dish $(1{\times}10^7/dish)$ for 24hr and then pretreated with $1{\mu}g/mL$ FS or left untreated for 30 min. Next, $1{\mu}g/mL$ LPS was added to the samples and the cells were reincubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, 1hr, and 3hr. The gene expression profiles of the BV-2 microglial cells varied depending on the FS. The oligonucleotide microarray analysis revealed that MAPK pathway-related genes such as Mitogen activated protein kinase 1 (Mapk1), RAS protein activator like 2 (Rasal2), and G-protein coupled receptor 12 (Gpr12) and nitric oxide biosynthesis-related genes such as nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal) adaptor protein (Nos1ap), and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (Ddah1) were down regulated in FS-treated BV-2 microglial cells. FS can affect the MAPK pathway and nitric oxide biosynthesis in BV-2 microglial cells.

기계적 자극을 이용한 인체 중간엽줄기세포로부터 유사-섬유모세포로의 분화 유도

최경민 ( Kyung Min Choi ),서영권 ( Young Kwon Seo ),윤희훈 ( Hee Hoon Yoon ),권순용 ( Soon Yong Kwon ),이화성 ( Hwa Sung Lee ),박용순 ( Yong Soon Park ),손영숙 ( Young Sook Son ),송계용 ( Kye Yong Song ),김영진 ( Young Jin Kim 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2006 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.3 No.4

Recently, in vitro reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) has been tried using tissue engineering technique, especially mesenchymal stem cell(MSC) is considered as a good cell source. In this study, we tried to find the effect of mechanical stimulus on the differentiation of bone marrow-derived MSC into ACL fibroblastlike cell using a cell training bioreactor imposing cyclic mechanical tension whose parameters were 120 min/day, 1 Hz, and 5% strain. After 2 weeks of culture, MSCs under cyclic tension showed more regularly oriented alignment and lower expression of CD73 and CD105 than control by microscopy and FACS analysis. In transcriptional level, type I collagen, type II collagen, fibronectin, elastin, α-smooth muscle actin mRNA expressions of MSCs under cyclic tension were higher than control and similar to native ACL. In conclusion, it is thought that mechanical cyclic tension induced the loss of stemness of MSC, therefore improved the differentiation into ACL fibroblast-like cell.