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Hua Zi Huang,Cheng Hao Zhang,Hyung Kweon Yoon,Tae Cheol Seo 한국원예학회 2007 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.48 No.1
Nutrient solution for various Chenopodiaceae leaf vegetables was developed. Various strength (1/2, 1, and 3/2) of nutrient solution recommended by National Horticultural Research Institute, Korea was applied to the crops in deep flow technique system for 27 days. Growth of ‘Atras’ spinach, ‘Detroit Dark’ beet, and ‘Swiss’ red chard was highest in the treatment of 3/2 strength. The proper constitution of nutrient solution for the Chenopodiaceae leaf vegetables was 11 N, 2.5 P, 8 K, 2 Ca, and 2 me/L Mg. The crops were grown two times in March and September to examine the appropriateness of the nutrient solution. Relative growth rate and the amount of ascorbic acid treated with the nutrient solution were increased by 1.1-1.4 and 1.1-1.2 times, respectively, and the amount of chlorophyll was increased by 1.0-1.2 times.
Landscape pattern affects species composition and abundance of ground-dwelling predator
Zi-Hua Zhao,Hardev Sandhu,Jun-He Liu,YingWang 한국응용곤충학회 2015 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.18 No.2
Commercial wheat farms were studied in Yinchuan Plain of Northwest China to assess the effects of two agrofarming systems on ground-dwelling predators. Pitfall trap methods were employed to investigate grounddwelling predators during a four-year study from 2009 to 2012. Results showed that 9 species of grounddwelling predators (Calosma maderae, Chlaenius pallipes, Dolichus halensis, Scarites terricola, Pterostichus gebleri, Harpalus crates, Pardosa astrigera, Erigonidium graminicolum, and Erigone prominens) dominated in the total 49 species captured. The structurally complex landscape (CL) supported significantly higher species diversity of ground-dwelling predators than that in structurally simple landscape (SL). Furthermore, there were also significant differences in population density and richness of ground-dwelling predators between CL and SL system. Finally, an inventory of ground-dwelling predators associated with different agricultural management systems was developed based on experimental collection, and it will serve as the basis for the sustainable pest management in Northwest China.
Zi-Hua Zhao,Gadi V.P. Reddy,Shuhua Wei,Mengmeng Zhu,Kaiyang Zhang,Hongqian Yu,Zhanjun Wang,Qi Jiang,Rong Zhang 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.1
Temperate steppe is one of the most important natural habitats for the conservation of arthropod and birdbiodiversity across the Eurasian Tectonic Plate. Since 1950, fragmentation of the steppe habitat has caused a lossof biodiversity and degradation of the species communities found in natural steppe. Therefore, in this study, bothplants and insects were sampled at 56 sites in the steppe biome of northwestern China to explore the effects ofplant community on insect community composition and diversity. The insect community structure varied in thefour different steppe types (meadow steppe, typical steppe, desert steppe, and steppe desert). Plant cover (diversity)was an important driving force, which could enhance number of families and abundance of an insectcommunity. Aboveground net primary productivity and water content of plants had no significant effects oninsect community, although the plant community as a whole did mediate insect composition and communitystructure. Future research should explore the ecological role of particular functional groups in plant and insectcommunities. Supplemental sowing to improve plant diversity in steppe habitat may be another strategy toenhance biodiversity and achieve sustainable management.
백두산 정계의 표식물: 흑석구(黑石溝)의 토석퇴에 대한 새로운 고찰
이화자 ( Hua Zi Lee ) 연세대학교 국학연구원 2013 동방학지 Vol.162 No.-
이글은 1712년(강희 51, 숙종 38)백두산 정계 시 수행원이었던 조선의 군관·역관이 남긴 기록과 차사원의 공술 및 청조 화원(畵員)이 그린 지도의 모본 등을 참고하여, 입비처의 동쪽에 골짜기가 존재하는지, 목극등이 흑석구를 경계로 정했는지에 대해 알아보 았다. 관련 지도를 참고하고 또 실지답사를 통하여 흑석구 동남안에 있는 석퇴(石堆)·토퇴(土堆)의 분포와 길이에 대해 알아보았으며, 토석퇴가 약23킬로미터 즉 54리(1리는 420미터) 연장되며, 흑석구의 전체 길이가 약 24킬로미터 즉 57리임을 확인하였다. 흑석구가 토문강이고 송화강 상류라고 보는 한국 학계의 기존 주장에 대하여, 문헌자료를 참고하고 또 실지 답사를 통하여 흑석구가 주로 마른 골짜기로 존재하며, 동남안에 설치된 토석퇴가 송화강 상류에 이어진 것이 아니라 두만강에 연결되었으며, 흑석구에서 흐르던 물이 송화강 상류에 이르기도 전에 전부 땅속에 스며들어 없어지며 이보다 앞서 골짜기가 먼저 사라진다는사실을 확인하였다. 즉 다시 말하여 흑석구가 송화강 상류가 아니며, 두만강과 구별되는 토문강은 더더욱 아니다. 1885·1887년 조청 양국의 공동 감계(勘界) 때 이른바 흑석구의 토석퇴가 90리 연장된다고 한 것은 서북 경략사 어윤중(魚允中)의 지지 하에 있던 김우식(金禹軾) 등이 1712년 정계 시차사원 허량(許樑)의 공술에 맞춰 조작한 혐의가 제기된다. 흑석구의 토석퇴 길이 50여리에다가 두만강으로 향한 목책·토돈의 길이 40여리를 더함으로써 90리가 되었다. 그 의도인즉 토석퇴가 전부 흑석구에 놓이게 함으로써 송화강 상류에 이어지듯이 하기 위해서였다. 그래야만이 토문·두만 2강설이 성립되고 두만강 이북 간도 지역이조선에 속하기 때문이다. Based on records made by the military officers and translators who delimited Baekdusan`s boundary in 1712 (the 51st year of Kangxi`s rule in Qing dynasty and the 38th year of King Sukjong`s rule in Joseon dynasty), the Errand officers` confessions, and the map drawn by the Qing dynasty officers, this article will investigate whether ditches exist to the east of the Monument, and whether Mukedeng made Black Stone Ditch for the boundary of Baeduksan. With reference to the relevant maps and the author`s field investigation, the length of the rubble off the southeast side of Black Stone Ditch is confirmed as about 23 kilometers (54 miles). The overall length of Black Stone Ditch is about 24 kilometers (57 miles). South Korean scholars have previously considered Black Stone Ditch to be the Tumen River, namely the upper reaches of the Songhua River. Combining the documentary evidence with his own field investigation, the author suggests that Black Stone Ditch mainly exists in the form of dry ditch. The rubble off the southeast side of Black Stone Ditch is connected to the Duman River rather than the upper Songhua River. In the summer rainy season, the water of the Black Stone Ditch does not flow into the upper Songhua River, but all drains away into the ground. Before this the ditch had vanished. In other words, Black Stone Ditch is not the upper reach of the Songhua River, nor is it the Tumen River (to be distinguished from Duman River). In 1885 and 1887, when China and Korea delimited their boundary, the rubble of Black Stone Ditch was claimed as ninety miles long. The length was seemingly forged by Kim Usik and company, referring to Heo Ryang`s confession made in the 1712 boundary settlement with the support of the Northwest Gyeongryaksa Eo Yunjung. The length was calculated as fifty miles of rubble from Black Stone Ditch plus forty miles of palings and mounds stretching towards the Duman River. This description aimed at making people believe that Black Stone Ditch joined the upper the Songhua River. Only in this way, can the theory of the Duman and Tumen Rivers be convincing, and the "Kando" to the north of the Duman River be included as part of Korea.
Neuroprotective Effect of Wogonin: Potential Roles of Inflammatory Cytokines
Piao, Hua-Zi,Jin, Shun-Ai,Chun, Hyang-Sook,Lee, Jae-Chul,Kim, Won-Ki The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2004 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.27 No.9
Wogonin (5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone), an active component originated from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been reported to possess antioxidant and anti-inflamma-tory properties. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of wogonin in a focal cerebral ischemia rat model. Wogonin markedly reduced the infarct volume after 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 22 h reperfusion. Wogonin decreased the production of nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 in lipopolisaccharide-stimu-lated microglial cells. While wogonin reduced the activity of NF-$textsc{k}$B, it did not change the activ-ity of mitogen-activated protein kinases family members, p38, ERK and JNK. The lipopolisaccharide-stimulated production of NO and cytokines was significantly blocked by vari-ous kinds of NF-$textsc{k}$B inhibitors such as N-acetyl cysteine, pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate and MG-132. The data may indicate that wogonin has neuroprotective effect by preventing the over-activation of microglial cells, possibly by inactivating NF-$textsc{k}$B signaling pathway