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Kwang Sik Lee,Zhigang Hu,Young Moo Choo,Mi Ri Sohn,Hyung Joo Yoon,Sang Mong Lee,Hung Dae Sohn,Byung Rae Jin 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.10
We cloned and characterized two peroxiredoxins (Prxs), BiPrx1 (a 1-Cys Prx) and BiTPx1 (a 2-Cys Prx) from the bumblebee Bombus ignitus. The BiPrx1 gene consists of 5 exons, encoding 220 amino acid residues with one conserved cysteine residue. The BiTPx1 gene consists of three exons, encoding 195 amino acid residues with 2 conserved cysteine residues. Recombinant BiPrx1 (27 kDa) and BiTPx1 (25 kDa), expressed in baculovirus-infected insect Sf9 cells, reduced H2O2 in the presence of electrons donated by dithiothreitol. Unlike BiTPx1, however, BiPrx1 did not show reduction activity when thioredoxin was used as the electron donor. Both BiPrx1 and BiTPx1 protected super-coiled DNA from damage by metal-catalyzed oxidation (MCO) in vitro. Tissue distribution analyses showed the presence of BiPrx1 and BiTPx1 in the fat body, midgut, muscle and epidermis, but not in the hemolymph, suggesting that BiPrx1 and BiTPx1 are not secretable. When H2O2 was injected into B. ignitus bees, BiPrx1 and BiTPx1 transcripts were acutely up-regulated in the fat body tissues. We also demonstrated regulation of BiPrx1 and BiTPx1 expression via reduction of transcript levels in the fat body with RNA interference (RNAi). Under H2O2 overload, the RNAi-induced BiPrx1 knock-down B. ignitus worker bees showed up-regulated expression of BiTPx1. Reciprocally, BiTPx1 RNAi knockdowns showed up-regulated BiPrx1 expression in the fat body. These results indicate that loss of expression of BiPrx1 or BiTPx1 is compensated by up-regulation of expression of the other peroxidase in response to H2O2 overload.
일부 지역 중국 여대생의 온라인 쇼핑몰에서의 화장품 쇼핑성향과 구매행동에 관한 연구
이덕일호 ( Yi De Ri Hu ),강수경 ( Soo-kyung Kang ) 한국미용학회 2017 한국미용학회지 Vol.23 No.4
This study aims to identify the subfactors of cosmetics shopping orientation and purchase behavior in online shopping malls in female college students in some parts of China and verify the correlation between the subfactors of shopping orientation and purchase behavior. It also aims to verify the difference between shopping orientation and purchase behavior depending on general characteristics. As a result, shopping orientation factors were drawn three subfactors: product comments seeking, pleasure seeking, and convenience seeking and cosmetics purchase behavior factors were drawn two subfactors: purchase search criteria and buying decision criteria. The correlation between the subfactors of shopping orientation and cosmetics purchase behavior showed a significant positive (+) correlation in all variables. In subfactors of shopping orientation depending on general characteristics, there was a significant difference in product comments seeking by grade, and in purchase amount, there was a significant difference in product comments seeking and convenience seeking. In subfactors of purchase behavior, there was a significant difference in purchase search criteria by grade, and in purchase amount, there was a significant difference in buying decision criteria only. Also, in online websites used, there was a significant difference in purchase search criteria. However, there was a limitation in generalizing the results of this study. The area of research was limited to the northern parts of China, and cosmetics purchase behavior and shopping orientation were only dealt with. Thus the analyses on the factors that might influence the cosmetics purchase were lacking. Further studies need to verify the difference in different age groups and gender and analyze the influence factors on the cosmetics purchase behavior deeply. It is also considered to be necessary to study a wide range of consumer groups in Asian regions.
Bo Yeon Kim,Kwang Sik Lee,Hu Wan,Mi Ri Sohn,Yuling Qiu,Hyung Joo Yoon,Byung Rae Jin 한국응용곤충학회 2010 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.10
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are multifunctional enzymes that are mainlyinvolved in the xenobiotic metabolism and protection against oxidative damage. Most studies of GSTs in insects have been focused on their role in detoxifying exogenous compounds in particular insecticides. Here, we show the expression profiles of GSTs of the bumblebee Bombus ignitus in response to oxidative stress. We identified a sigma-class GST from B. ignitus (BiGSTS). The BiGSTSgene consists of 4 exons that encode 201 amino acids. Comparative analysis indicates that the predicted amino acid sequence of BiGSTS shares a high identity with the sigma-class GSTs of hymenopteran insects such as Apis mellifera (70% protein sequence identity) and Solenopsis invicta (59% protein sequence identity). Tissue distribution analyses showed the presence of BiGSTS in all tissues examined, including the fat body, midgut, muscle and epidermis. The oxidative stress responses analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR showed that under H2O2 overload, BiGSTS and BiGSTD (identified in our previous study) were upregulated in all tissues examined, including the fat body and midgut of B. ignitus worker bees. Under uniform conditions of H2O2 overload, the expression profile of GSTs and other antioxidant enzyme genes, such as phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (Bi-PHGPx) and peroxiredoxins (BiPrx1 and BiTPx1), showed that other antioxidant enzyme genes are acutely induced at 3 h after H2O2 exposure, whereas BiGSTS and BiGSTD are highly induced at 9 h after H2O2 exposure in the fat body of B. ignitus worker bees. These findings indicate that GSTs and other antioxidant enzyme genes in B. ignitusare differentially expressed in response to oxidative stress. Taken together, our findings indicate that BiGSTS and BiGSTD are oxidative stress-inducible antioxidant enzymes that may play a role in oxidative stress response.
Bioconversion of Ginsenoside Rd into Compound K by Lactobacillus pentosus DC101 Isolated from Kimchi
Lin-Hu Quan,Le-Qin Cheng,Ho-Bin Kim,Ju-Han Kim,Na-Ri Son,Se-Young Kim,Hyun-O Jin,Deok-Chun Yang 고려인삼학회 2010 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.34 No.4
Ginsenosides are the principal components responsible for the pharmacological and biological activities of ginseng. Ginsenoside Rd was transformed into compound K using cell-free extracts of food microorganisms, with Lactobacillus pentosus DC101 isolated from kimchi (traditional Korean fermented food) used for this conversion. The optimum time for the conversion was about 72 h at a constant pH of 7.0 and an optimum temperature of about 30°C. The transformation products were identified by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, and their structures were assigned using nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Generally, ginsenoside Rd was converted into ginsenoside F2 by 36 h post-reaction. Consequently, over 97% of ginsenoside Rd was decomposed and converted into compound K by 72 h post-reaction. The bioconversion pathway to produce compound K is as follows: ginsenoside Rd→ginsenoside F2→compound K.
Jiang, Hu-Lin,Park, In-Kyu,Shin, Na-Ri,Yoo, Han-Sang,Akaike, Toshihiro,Cho, Chong-Su The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2004 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.27 No.3
Chitosan microspheres were prepared by ionic gelation process with sodium sulfate for nasal vaccine delivery. Bordetella Bronchiseptica Dermonecrotoxin (BBD) as a major virulence factor of a causative agent of atrophic rhinitis (AR) was loaded to the chitosan microspheres for vaccination. Morphology of BBD-loaded chitosan microspheres was observed as spherical shapes. The average particle sizes of the BBD-loaded chitosan microspheres were about $2.69$\mid${\;}\mu\textrm{m}$. More BBD was released with an increase of molecular weight of chitosan and with an increase of medium pH in vitro due to weaker intermolecular interaction between chitosan and BBD. Tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}{\;}(TNF{\alpha})$ and nitric oxide (NO) from RAW264.7 cells stimulated with BBD-loaded chitosan microspheres were gradually secreted, suggesting that released BBD from chitosan microspheres had immune stimulating activity of AR vaccine.
Bioconversion of Ginsenoside Rd into Compound K by Lactobacillus pentosus DC101 Isolated from Kimchi
Quan, Lin-Hu,Cheng, Le-Qin,Kim, Ho-Bin,Kim, Ju-Han,Son, Na-Ri,Kim, Se-Young,Jin, Hyun-O,Yang, Deok-Chun The Korean Society of Ginseng 2010 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.34 No.4
Ginsenosides are the principal components responsible for the pharmacological and biological activities of ginseng. Ginsenoside Rd was transformed into compound K using cell-free extracts of food microorganisms, with Lactobacillus pentosus DC101 isolated from kimchi (traditional Korean fermented food) used for this conversion. The optimum time for the conversion was about 72 h at a constant pH of 7.0 and an optimum temperature of about $30^{\circ}C$. The transformation products were identified by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, and their structures were assigned using nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Generally, ginsenoside Rd was converted into ginsenoside F2 by 36 h post-reaction. Consequently, over 97% of ginsenoside Rd was decomposed and converted into compound K by 72 h post-reaction. The bioconversion pathway to produce compound K is as follows: ginsenoside Rd$\rightarrow$ginsenoside F2$\rightarrow$compound K.