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Htut-Oo Thunt,Sung-Hoon Jung 한국무역연구원 2018 무역연구 Vol.14 No.4
This paper analyzes the factors associated with economic growth in Myanmar by extending the Trade-FDI-led growth model with human capital and financial development through a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Vector Error Correction Model is a form of Vector Autoregressive, which has additional restrictions due to the existence of non-stationary but cointegrated data forms. VECM model conducts the long-term equations between the test variables at different degrees of integration and tests the Granger analysis for multi cointegration. The findings confirm that FDI has a positive effect on GDP per capita growth in the long-run, and financial development has a negative long-run effect on GDP per capita. In the short-run, FDI and exports positively affect GDP per capita growth while imports negatively affects GDP per capita. The Granger causality test revealed that human capital is positively interrelated with the export industry while exports and FDI enhance GDP per capita. Overall, Myanmar’s economic growth appears as an export-FDI-led growth model. Therefore, export policy and foreign direct investment policy should be collectively promoted for economic growth in Myanmar.
미얀마 수출입 시장에 적합한 무역보험 제도도입에 관한 연구 -한국무역보험공사 보험 종목을 중심으로-
THUNT HTUT OO,정성훈 한국무역보험학회 2015 무역금융보험연구 Vol.16 No.1
The purpose of this paper is to explore risks in Myanmar Export Market and recommend the Trade Insurance of KSURE for Myanmar where the expand of export market into international is very important to foster its economy growth. Rice, beans and pulse and Jade Industry were mainly examined and the results are as follows: First most risks in Export Market do not derive from external but internal due to the lack of production facilities, technology, and government supports. In order to promote them with Trade Insurance, pre-shipment Export Credit Guarantee (Raw Materials), post-shipment export credit guarantee, Export Credit Insurance (Equipment), Agro-fisheries Export Insurance, Market Survey Insurance( Overseas Marketing Insurance), and Foreign Exchange Risk Insurance are recommended. 본 연구는 미얀마 개방 경제에 필요한 수출 확대를 위한 무역 보험 상품 도입에 관한 연구로써 미얀마 주요 수출 산업 리스크 현황을 살펴 보고 한국에서 운영 중인 무역 보험 상품들 중에서 미얀마 수출 시장에 적합한 보험 종목에 대한 조언을 하였다. 쌀, 콩류 및 옥 산업을 중심으로 생산 및 수출리스크를 검토 한 결과 대부분의 리스크는 생산성, 기술력 부족, 상대적으로 낮은 품질 등으로 수입상으로부터 초래되는 위험보다 현지에서 생산 시설 및 기술력 부족, 지원 미비 등으로 나타는 현상들이다. 이러한 리스크에 대한 대응 전략으로 과거 및 현재의 한국 무역 보험 종목들을 살펴 본 결과, 선적 전.후 무역 보험 종목으로 단기성 수출 보험(선적후), 수출 신용 보증(선적전), 수출기반보험(제조 설비), 농수산물 패캐지 단기수출보험, 해외 마케팅과 환변동보험이 미얀마 수출입 시장에 가장 적합한 보험 종목들로 판단된다.
Thunt Htut Oo,Sung-Hoon Jung,Keon-Hyeong Lee 한국무역학회 2021 Journal of Korea trade Vol.25 No.3
Purpose - Brand equity has emerged as an indispensable marketing tool for firms engaging their business in developing nations. This study proposes that the country of origin image and advertising will affect the Korean brand equity formation, which leads to repurchase intention of Korean brands. In the study, attitude factors are applied in brand equity theory to predict repurchase intention of Korean brands. Cognitive brand equity, such as brand awareness, brand association, brand image and attitudinal brand equity, such as perceived quality and brand loyalty are considered with regards to their attitude towards the Korean brand. Design/methodology - A total of 178 Myanmar consumers out of 200 participants who have used Korean brands answered the survey and data were analyzed through SmartPLS 3.3.2 version. PLS-SEM is considered a more suitable analysis to pin down and evaluate the cause-effect relationship among all of the constructs with relatively complex models. Findings - Our results substantiate that the country of origin image positively affects brand awareness, brand associations, and brand image and advertising awareness positively affects brand awareness. Brand awareness gives positive effect only on brand association, which sustains a positive effect on brand image and brand loyalty. Brand image only has a positive effect on perceived quality, which again affects repurchase intention and brand loyalty. Brand loyalty also shows a positive effect on repurchase intention. Originality/value - Brand equity dimensions were viewed as cognitive and attitudinal outcomes of brand equity which affects repurchase intention. The drivers of brand equity were considered from the perspective of country of origin image that firms cannot control or mange, and advertising awareness which firms can control and manage. The findings also explored the relationships between cognitive and attitudinal brand equity.
THUNT HTUT OO,김애진 한국세계지역학회 2019 世界地域硏究論叢 Vol.37 No.3
The background and purpose of this paper aim to analyze the interrelationships among FDI, human capital, labor force, export and Korean Official Development Assistance (ODA) towards Myanmar in order to identify the role and importance of Korean ODA in Myanmar’s economic growth. The ARDL bound test was utilized to analyze the long-term as well as the short-run relationships among the variables, using time series data from 1991 to 2017. According to the results of the effect of long and short term in our model, it is confirmed that Korean ODA towards Myanmar positively affects Myanmar’s export to the world, but negatively affects export in the short run. Accordingly, we can conclude that South Korea’s ODA contributes to economic outcomes and export volumes of the recipient country, Myanmar. In the future, the researches designing to explore the determinants of policy effectiveness of ODA and examine its effectiveness will be necessary.
Ye Htut Zwe,Zhu Hui Esther Goh,Man Ling Chau,Kyaw Thu Aung,육현균 한국식품과학회 2019 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.28 No.3
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) was previouslynot known to be transmitted through food, but an outbreakinvestigation in Singapore in 2015 documented for the firsttime an association between GBS Type III Sequence Type283 infection and consumption of raw fish dishes. As verylittle is known about the survival of GBS during heattreatment and the stomach transit, its survival under simulatedconditions was studied, in comparison with that ofEscherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. The mean D-values of four GBS strains ranging from 0.72to 0.88 min in neutral pH tryptone soy broth at 56.4 C and0.44–1.43 min at pH 2.35 at 37 C in simulated gastricfluid, were significantly lower (p\0.05) than those ofE. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes. This study suggestspossible factors other than acid or heat resistance ofGBS to be instrumental to its pathogenicity.
Thunt Htut Oo,Keon-Hyeong Lee 한국무역학회 2020 Journal of Korea trade Vol.24 No.1
Purpose – This paper addresses the concepts of FDI-Trade-Growth nexus in Myanmar’s economy and empirically investigates the interrelationships of trade, investment and economic growth to reveal the growth model of Myanmar’s economy. Additionally, this paper also addresses the cooperative strategies between Myanmar and South Korea through a case study related to South Korea’s economic growth. Design/methodology – Our empirical model considers the interrelationship among FDI, trade, growth, labor force and inflation in Myanmar. This study employs ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) to conduct an analysis of the FDI-Trade-Growth relationships using the time series data from 1970 to 2016 and a conducted case study of South Korea provided for practical implication on cooperative strategies between Myanmar and Korea. Findings – Export equation was chosen through the diagnostic tests. Our main findings can be summarized as follows: Export in Myanmar is positively influenced by labor force, FDI, capital formation and negatively impacted by import and instable inflation rate in the long run. In the short run, GDP and import positively influence export. The Granger causality test proves that Myanmar is an FDI/labor force-led Growth economy, where FDI and labor force are main drivers of export followed by GDP in Myanmar. The case study of South Korea provided that Korea’s tax and credit system for promoting export-led FDI industries and cooperative units for joint ventures between Korea and Myanmar in export-led FDI industries are recommended. Originality/value – No study has yet to be conducted on the interrelationships of macroeconomic factors from the perspectives of FDI-Trade-Growth Nexus in Myanmar under the assumption of labor force and inflation rate as fundamental conditions. The current study also covered a relatively longer period of time series data from 1970 to 2016. This paper also conducts a case study of South Korea’s experience in order to evaluate the findings and provide better policy implications.