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A Decomposition Approach for Fixed Channel Assignment Problems in Large-Scale Cellular Networks
Jin, Ming-Hui,Wu, Eric Hsiao-Kuang,Horng, Jorng-Tzong The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2003 Journal of communications and networks Vol.5 No.1
Due to insufficient available bandwidth resources and the continuously growing demand for cellular communication services, the channel assignment problem has become increasingly important. To trace the optimal assignment, several heuristic strategies have been proposed. So far, most of them focus on the small-scale systems containing no more than 25 cells and they use an anachronistic cost model, which does not satisfy the requirements ity. Solving the small-scale channel assignment problems could not be applied into existing large scale cellular networks' practice. This article proposes a decomposition approach to solve the fixed channel assignment problem (FCAP) for large-scale cellular networks through partitioning the whole cellular network into several smaller sub-networks and then designing a sequential branch-and-bound algorithm that is made to solve the FCAP for them sequentially. The key issue of partition is to minimize the dependences of the sub-networks so that the proposed heuristics for solving smaller problems will suffer fewer constraints in searching for better assignments. The proposed algorithms perform well based on experimental results and they were applied to the Taiwan Cellular Cooperation (TCC) in ChungLi city to find better assignments for its network.
Wei Hung Chang,Chien-Chou Su,Kao Chin Chen,Yin Ying Hsiao,Po See Chen,Yen Kuang Yang 대한정신약물학회 2023 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.21 No.3
Objective: Previous studies have shown that certain severe mental illnesses (SMIs) increase the risk of dementia, but those that increase the risk to a greater degree in comparison with other SMIs are unknown. Furthermore, physical illnesses may alter the risk of developing dementia, but these cannot be well-controlled. Methods: Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder (MDD) were recruited. We also recruited normal healthy subjects as the control group. All subjects were aged over 60 years, and the duration of follow-up was from 2008 to 2015. Multiple confounders were adjusted, including physical illnesses and other variables. Use of medications, especially benzodiazepines, was analyzed in a sensitivity analysis. Results: 36,029 subjects (MDD: 23,371, bipolar disorder: 4,883, schizophrenia: 7,775) and 108,084 control subjects were recruited after matching according to age and sex. The results showed that bipolar disorder had the highest hazard ratio (HR) (HR: 2.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.99−2.30), followed by schizophrenia (HR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.93−2.19) and MDD (HR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.51−1.69). The results remained robust after adjusting for covariates, and sensitivity analysis showed similar results. Anxiolytics use did not increase the risk of dementia in any of the three groups of SMI patients. Conclusion: SMIs increase the risk of dementia, and among them, bipolar disorder confers the greatest risk of developing dementia. Anxiolytics may not increase the risk of developing dementia in patients with an SMI, but still need to be used with caution in clinical practices.
Chih-Yang Liu,Han-Lin Chiang,Ser-Chen Fu,Yu-Chin Su,Cheng-Lun Hsiao,Fu-Yi Yang,Shinn-Kuang Lin 대한신경과학회 2016 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.12 No.1
Background and Purpose Te requirement for neurology liaison is increasing in accordance with the growing health care demands associated with aging populations. Te aim of this study was to characterize the nature of neurological inpatient liaisons (NILs) to help plan for the appropriate use of neurology resources. Methods Tis was a retrospective cross-sectional study of NILs in a secondary referral hospital over a 12-month period. Results Tere were 853 neurological consultations with a liaison rate of 3% per admission case. Chest medicine, gastroenterology, and infectious disease were the three most frequent specialties requesting liaison, and altered consciousness, seizure, and stroke were the three most frequent disorders for which a NIL was requested. Infection was the most common cause of altered consciousness. Epilepsy, infection, and previous stroke were common causes of seizure disorders. Acute stroke accounted for 44% of all stroke disorders. Electroencephalography was the most recommended study, and was also the most frequently performed. Ninety-fve percent of emergency consultations were completed within 2 hours, and 85% of regular consultations were completed within 24 hours. Te consult-to-visit times for emergency and regular consultations were 44±47 minutes (mean±standard deviation) and 730±768 minutes, respectively, and were shorter for regular consultations at intensive care units (p=0.0151) and for seizure and stroke disorders (p=0.0032). Conclusions Altered consciousness, seizure, and stroke were the most common reasons for NILs. Half of the patients had acute neurological diseases warranting immediate diagnosis and treatment by the consulting neurologists. Balancing increasing neurologist workloads and appropriate health-care resources remains a challenge.