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Bubbly, Slug and Annular Two-Phase Flow in Tight-Lattice Sub-Channels
Horst-Michael Prasser,Christian Bolesch,Kerstin Cramer,Daisuke Ito,Petros Papadopoulos,Abhishek Saxena,Robert Zboray 한국원자력학회 2016 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.48 No.4
An overview is given on the work of the Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Systems at ETH, Zurich (ETHZ) and of the Laboratory of Thermal Hydraulics at Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Switzerland on tight-lattice bundles. Two-phase flow in subchannels of a tight triangular lattice was studied experimentally and by computational fluid dynamics simulations. Two adiabatic facilities were used: (1) a vertical channel modeling a pair of neighboring subchannels; and (2) an arrangement of four subchannels with one subchannel in the center. The first geometry was equipped with two electrical film sensors placed on opposing rod surfaces forming the subchannel gap. They recorded 2D liquid film thickness distributions on a domain of 16 × 64 measuring points each, with a time resolution of 10 kHz. In the bubbly and slug flow regime, information on the bubble size, shape, and velocity and the residual liquid film thickness underneath the bubbles were obtained. The second channel was investigated using cold neutron tomography, which allowed the measurement of average liquid film profiles showing the effect of spacer grids with vanes. The results were reproduced by large eddy simulation + volume of fluid. In the outlook, a novel nonadiabatic subchannel experiment is introduced that can be driven to steady-state dryout. A refrigerant is heated by a heavy water circuit, which allows the application of cold neutron tomography
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Johannes Hausmann,Andrea Tal,Artur Gomer,Michael Philipper,Gero Moog,Horst Hohn,Norbert Hesselbarth,Harald Plass,Jörg Albert,Fabian Finkelmeier 대한소화기내시경학회 2021 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.54 No.1
Background/Aims: Reliable and especially widely accepted preventive measures are crucial to further reduce the incidenceof colorectal cancer (CRC). Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) might increase the screening numbers among patients unable orunwilling to undergo conventional colonoscopy. This registry trial aimed to document and determine the CCE indications, findings,complications, and adverse events in outpatient practices and clinics throughout Germany. Methods: Patients undergoing CCE between 2010 and 2015 were enrolled in this prospective multicenter registry trial at six Germancenters. Patient demographics, outcomes, and complications were evaluated. Results: A total of 161 patients were included. Of the CCE evaluations, 111 (68.9%) were considered successful. Pathological findingsin the colon (n=92, 60.1%) and in the remaining gastrointestinal tract (n=38, 24.8%) were recorded. The main finding was thepresence of polyps (n=52, 32.3%). Furthermore, five carcinomas (3.1%) were detected and histologically confirmed later. Adequatebowel cleanliness was more likely to be achieved in the outpatient setting (p<0.0001). Interestingly, 85 patients (55.6%) chose toundergo CCE based on personal motivation. Conclusions: CCE seems to be a reliable and safe endoscopic tool for screening for CRC and detecting other diseases. Its patientacceptance and feasibility seems to be high, especially in the outpatient setting.
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A Study on High Performance Fine-Grained Concrete Containing Rice Husk Ash
Ha Thanh Le,Sang Thanh Nguyen,Horst-Michael Ludwig 한국콘크리트학회 2014 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.8 No.4
Rice husk ash (RHA) is classified as a highly reactive pozzolan. It has a very high silica content similar to that of silica fume (SF). Using less-expensive and locally available RHA as a mineral admixture in concrete brings ample benefits to the costs, the technical properties of concrete as well as to the environment. An experimental study of the effect of RHA blending on workability, strength and durability of high performance fine-grained concrete (HPFGC) is presented. The results show that the addition of RHA to HPFGC improved significantly compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and chloride penetration resistance. Interestingly, the ratio of compressive strength to splitting tensile strength of HPFGC was lower than that of ordinary concrete, especially for the concrete made with 20 % RHA. Compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of HPFGC containing RHA was similar and slightly higher, respectively, than for HPFGC containing SF. Chloride penetration resistance of HPFGC containing 10?15 % RHA was comparable with that of HPFGC containing 10 % SF.
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Kim, Dong‐,Wook,Tan, Eugene Y.,Jin, Yu,Park, Sahee,Hayes, Michael,Demirhan, Eren,Schran, Horst,Wang, Yanfeng Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 British journal of clinical pharmacology Vol.71 No.2
<P> <B>WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT</B> </P><P>• Imatinib mesylate, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, exhibits a weak competitive inhibition on paracetamol (acetaminophen) <I>O</I>‐glucuronidation with an inhibition constant (<I>K</I><SUB>i</SUB>) value of 59 µ<SMALL>m</SMALL>. However, the clinical significance of the inhibition has not been evaluated. The pharmacokinetics of imatinib have been studied in white patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML), but not in Korean patients with CML.</P><P> <B>WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS</B> </P><P>• Imatinib (400 mg once daily) had no clinically relevant effect on the plasma exposure and the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol (1000 mg once daily) in patients with CML.</P><P>• The pharmacokinetic profile of imatinib in Korean patients with CML was similar to that in whites.</P><P><B>AIMS</B> The major objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of imatinib on the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML).</P><P><B>METHODS</B> Patients (<I>n</I>= 12) received a single oral dose of acetaminophen 1000 mg on day 1 (control). On days 2–8, imatinib 400 mg was administered daily. On day 8 (treatment), another 1000 mg dose of paracetamol was administered 1 h after the morning dose of imatinib 400 mg. Blood and urine samples were collected for bioanalytical analyses.</P><P><B>RESULTS</B> The area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) for paracetamol, paracetamol glucuronide and paracetamol sulphate under control conditions was similar to that after treatment with imatinib; the 90% confidence interval of the log AUC ratio was within 0.8 to 1.25. Urinary excretion of paracetamol, paracetamol glucuronide and paracetamol sulphate was also unaffected by imatinib. The pharmacokinetics of paracetamol and imatinib in Korean patients with CML were similar to previous pharmacokinetic results in white patients with CML. Co‐administration of a single dose of paracetamol and multiple doses of imatinib was well tolerated and safety profiles were similar to those of either drug alone.</P><P><B>CONCLUSIONS</B> The pharmacokinetics of paracetamol and its major metabolites in the presence of imatinib were similar to those of the control conditions and the combination was well tolerated. These findings suggest that imatinib can be safely administered with paracetamol without dose adjustment of either drug.</P>
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