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수소 이온 교환막 적용을 위한 나피온-폴리불화비닐리덴플로라이드 블렌드의 결정 구조 제어
서홍대(Hongdae Seo),배인성(Insung Bae) 한국고분자학회 2020 폴리머 Vol.44 No.4
전해질 고분자의 효과적인 수소이온 전달을 위해 대표적인 불소계 전해질 고분자 Nafion과 반결정성 강유전 고분자 polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)를 혼합하여 블렌드 전해질 막을 제조하였다. Nafion과 PVDF 분자 사이의 수소결합을 통하여 블렌드 막의 친수성 수소 이온 전달 채널을 더욱 발달시킴과 동시에 PVDF가 가지는 상 변화 현상을 활용하여, α 및 γ상 각각 경우에 대해 블렌드 막이 가지는 나노 구조와 막 물성 및 수소 이온 전도도의 상관관계를 파악하였다. 전해질 고분자의 나노 구조는 각각 atomic force microscopy과 small angle X-ray scattering를 통해 확인하였다. 최종적으로, Nafion-PVDF가 9 :1의 혼합비율을 가지는 경우, PVDF가 γ상을 형성하였을 때, 증가된 이온전도도와 습윤팽창에 대한 안정성을 갖는 것을 확인하였다. We present a controlled nanostructure of a proton conducting membrane, Nafion, by introducing a blend with a ferroelectric semi-crystalline polymer, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Phase transition between α and γ phases of PVDF attributes the molecular structure of the blend membranes and their hydrophilic ionic channels by a strong hydrogen bonding between two polymers. The nanostructure of the membrane was investigated by atomic force microscopy and small angle X-ray scattering. Consequently, the controlled nanostructure of the blend membrane with a blending ratio of 9:1 for Nafion: γ-PVDF allows enhanced proton conduction and increased physical stability for water swelling.
自動車 3社의 消費者行動에 관한 硏究 : 스텐톤 모델을 중심으로 A Structural Approach to the Stanton Model
金弘大 新羅大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.30 No.-
This paper aims to explain consumer behavior for the three company:HYUNDAI, DAEWOO and KIA. This paper has dicussed consumer behavior based on a structural approach to the Stanton model. It has summarized theoretical support for the model and has evaluated its application in a marketing decision environemnt. The results of this research suggest that this model is conceptually sound and managerially useful. Application of the model provides detailed data for determining market position and designing strategy to modify that position. We would want to understand cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors that operate in her life. Cultural factors include the culture from whcih she comes, her subculture identifications and her social class. Social factors include the influence of other people in her life, particularly her reference groups, family, and roles and statuses. Personal characteristics life style, and personality. Finally, psychological characteristics include her motivation, perceptions, attitudes and beliefs, and learning. The company's task is to work hard to get its brand included in the buyer's awareness set and to remain in the successive lonsideration and choice set. The marketer must research the other brands that are likely to be include and the criteria used by the buyer as she moves to successively smaller sets in making her decision. We believe that a variety of theoretical and analytic models in the marketing literature can and do help managers make better decisions. The informed manager selects those models and measurements that are right for the specific circumstances of the managerial problem being examined.
Beum Jin Park,Hongdae Lee,김지영,Ho Seok Park 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.109 No.-
Herein, we report multidimensional hybrid architectures wherein CoS2 nanoparticles are encapsulated insteam-activated reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotubes (CoSx@srGO/CNT) for rechargeable Zn-airbatteries. CoSx nanoparticles work as catalysts to grow CNT branches onto the srGO, and theCoSx@srGO/CNT act as bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolutionreaction (OER). The bifunctional ORR and OER activities of the CoSx@srGO/CNT are substantiallygreater than those of CoS2, srGO, and CoSx@srGO as confirmed by onset potentials, Tafel and K-L plots,and mass activities. Zn-air batteries with CoSx@srGO/CNT catalyst achieved a specific capacity of 583mAh·gzn1 and maximum power density of 66.45 mW·cm2, which are greater than Pt/C and IrO2 mixedcatalyst, along with a long-term cyclability of over 100 cycles. The outstanding performance ofCoSx@srGO/CNT is attributed to the abundant exposed active sites of CoSx on a unique 3D multidimensionalgraphene/CNT hybrid architecture and the rapid mass/charge transport for the enhanced bifunctionalactivities.
옥상 녹화 활성화 방안에 관한 연구 : 대구를 중심으로
김수봉,심근정,이홍대,권진오 한국전통조경학회 2003 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.21 No.3
For the expanding of urban green space in Daegu, Korea, the flat-rooftop which is a character of the modern Korean buildings was considered. Existing cases and guidelines and technical methods of rooftop construction were reviewed to understand the underlined difficulties in practice, and a questionnaire survey was carried out to highlight the attitude of the general public toward rooftops. Majority of the rooftop is still in use of the traditional way such as a storage, laundry. In many cases, however, there is a simple pattern of installation of plants, for example, planting flowers, fruit trees and vegetables. Nevertheless the existence of any green elements on the rooftop, the general public expressed positive attitudes in the greening of their rooftops. Moreover, key issues identified as negative factors are the lack of administrative support system and information, financial difficulties, and the concern of negative influence for building structure. A model of strategy is suggested based on four steps to stimulate and to encourage the greening of the rooftop in Daegu, and four detailed suggestions are produced under the model.
호텔서비스제공자의 셀프리더십이 서비스회복과 직무만족 및 서비스품질에 미치는 영향
서문식(Suh munshik),오창호(Oh changho),전홍대(Jeon hongdae) 한국산업경영학회 2006 경영연구 Vol.21 No.2
본 연구는 서비스실패상황에서 현장종업원의 내재적요소라 할 수 있는 셀프리더십이 서비스회복, 직무만족 그리고 호텔의 서비스품질 향상에 미치는 중요한 영향을 실증 조사하였다. 특급호텔 현장종업원을 대상으로 한 구조방정식 분석 결과 제시한 6개의 가설적 관계가 통계적으로 모두 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 제안한 가설적 모델은 완전히 만족스러운 정도는 아니지만 적어도 수용 가능한 수준의 모델 적합도를 지니고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 직무만족과 서비스회복은 셀프리더십과 서비스품질간을 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과를 통해서 서비스조직이 서비스품질향상을 위해 서비스제공자의 행동적 측면만을 강조하기 보다는 직업에 대한 투철한 가치관을 형성시키고 심리적 요인들을 강화시킬 수 있는 셀프리더십에 관심을 기울여야 함을 이해할 수 있다. 그리고 셀프리더십과 이론적으로 그리고 실무적으로 그 중요성이 더해가는 서비스회복과의 유의한 관계를 새롭게 이해할 수 있었다. This study investigated the effects of hotel service provider"s intrinsic factor(self-leadership) on service recovery, job satisfaction and service quality. The model was tested with a sample of hotel service providers by using structural equation modeling. The findings supported the effects of self-leadership and all structural path coefficients were significant. Further, job satisfaction and service recovery fully mediated the effects of self-leadership on service quality. The results of the present study demonstrate that service organizations need to focus on employee"s intrinsic factors such as self-leadership and self-efficacy. Thus, it provides new insights into the relationships among self-leadership, service recovery, job satisfaction and service quality. In sum, theocratical and practical implications on the self-leadership are proposed.
바나듐 담지된 그래핀 나노복합체를 첨가한 SCR 촉매의 제조 및 활성 평가
정보라,이희수,김억수,김홍대,Jeong, Bora,Lee, Heesoo,Kim, Eok-Soo,Kim, HongDae 한국결정성장학회 2015 韓國結晶成長學會誌 Vol.25 No.6
질소산화물 ($NO_X$)은 고정원(화력발전소, 산업시설) 및 이동원(자동차, 선박) 등에서 배출되어지며, 발암물질 및 광화학 스모그의 주범으로 작용하고 있다. 선택적 촉매 환원법(SCR)은 $NO_X$를 제거하는 가장 효율적인 방법이며, 상업용으로 사용되어지는 $V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2$계 촉매에서 $V_2O_5$ 함량은 0.5~3 wt%, $WO_3$ 함량은 5~10 wt%이다. 촉매 성분 중 $V_2O_5$의 경우 $NO_X$ 환원 반응을 통해 촉매 작용을 촉진시키지만, 과량으로 첨가될 경우, $SO_2$에서 $SO_3$로의 산화 반응을 증가시킨다. 본 연구에서는 높은 탈질 효율을 유지시킴과 더불어, 바나듐의 함량을 줄이기 위하여, 그래핀을 바나듐 담지 matrix로 사용하여 나노복합체를 합성하였으며, 합성된 나노복합체를 첨가하여 Honeycomb형 1 inch SCR 촉매를 제조하였다. 제조된 SCR 촉매는 XRD(X-ray Diffraction), XRF(X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer), BET(Brunauer, Emmett & Teller) 등의 분석을 통해 물성 평가를 진행하였으며, Micro Reactor(MR)를 이용하여 활성평가를 진행하였다. 그 결과, 촉매 상용 운전 온도인 $350^{\circ}C$에서 나노복합체가 첨가된 SCR 촉매의 탈질 효율은 77.1 %로 상용촉매의 탈질 효율인 77.8 %와 유사한 효율을 나타내는 것을 확인하였다. Nitrogen oxides ($NO_X$) was emitted from flue gas of stationary sources and exhaust gas of mobile sources, can leads to various environments problems. Selective Catalysts Reduction (SCR) is the most effective $NO_X$ removal system. Commercial $V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2$ catalysts, usually containing $V_2O_5$ 0.5~3 wt%, $WO_3$ 5~10 wt%, and $V_2O_5$ is active in the reduction of $NO_X$ but also in the desired oxidation of $SO_2$ to $SO_3$. To reduce the amount of vanadium, using graphene matrix supported vanadium to synthesize nanocomposite. Then, we fabricated to 1 inch honeycomb type of SCR catalysts adding graphene-vanadium nanocomposite. The chemical-physical characteristics and the catalytic activity were performed by XRD, XRF, BET and Micro-Reactor (MR). As a result, the De-NOX performance was showed, similar to the commercial catalyst activity as 77.8 % and using nanocomposite catalyst as 77.1 % at $350^{\circ}C$.