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임홍범,최성용,최판길,윤경구 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2004 産業技術硏究 Vol.24 No.A
Latex modification of concrete provides the material with higher flexural strength, as well as high bond strength and reduced water permeability. However, If the thermal expansion properties of overlay concrete (latex-modified concretes) are big different from that of substrate (ordinary portland cement concrete), these would cause a big interfacial stresses and result in premature failure. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to investigate thermal expansion characteristics of latex-modified concrete with cement types. The result of thermal expansion showed the coefficient of thermal expansion of concretes increased with latex inclusion. The coefficient of thermal expansion of RSLMC was a little smaller than that of LMC, which might be due to the finer cement grain, compacter internal, and stiffer properties of concrete. However, the coefficients of LMC and RSLMC were quite similar to that of ordinary cement concrete. Thus, this would not cause an interfacial stresses and will enable to ensure long-term performance of concrete bridge deck overlays.
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최판길,박영홍,하재명 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.5
This study focuses on the change of the architectural design-review system that is pointed of committee members, object and criteria of the review in Daegu. Members of the committee were seen to grow up each year. It related with the addition of review-objects and the separation of two committee that intended to proceed the review equitably. The review-objects were more and more easily adjusted in design review. Because it was an intention of the activating construction and administrational changes from city government to its sub-government. The review-criteria were also gradually simplified and changed to be based on the law and regulations. This paper draws four complements through the change of the review system : First, the major and vocation of the committee are needed to control. It is equally needed in each parts of committee members, and it is needed to participate experts in new parts. Second, the review-objects are needed to strengthen the city regulations that present object is over 21 stories and the area is 100,000 square meters. So the important commercial building of the roadside will be included in the review-object. Third, the more objective review-criteria is needed. Because most of the architects want to know the design criteria which the committee consider continuously. Fourth, an addition of the sustainable criteria is needed. These changes are more helpful set of a progressive review system and they will improve the architectural design and its environment.
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중국 밀감 농작업에 있어서 노동력 이용형태에 관한 연구
김재홍,반려 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2008 농업과학연구 Vol.35 No.2
China's agriculture is changing now, especially in terms of cash farming. Orange farming is one of the main cash crops. This study is to identify the labor utilization of orange farming of farm households in China. The Results are as follows. First, farm size increasing is an essential measure to save labor. Big farm requires less than 20% of labor inputs than that of average size farm. Second, in the aspect of the employment labor, while male labor accounted for the 5% of total labor, female employment labor took up much more, which amounts to almost half of family labor. Third, the average wage of men is almost twice as much as that of women's wage, and it is sharply increasing. Fourth, Chinese farm households put more labor input than Korean farm households in orange production, which is due to the substitution of capital for labor.
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中都市 大學生들의 健康追求行態에 關한 硏究 : 吸煙 및 飮酒實態를 中心으로 With the Viewpoint of Smoking and Drinking Status
鄭善太,權判根,鄭成浩,洪大容 慶尙大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.24 No.2
The survey was conducted on health persuit behavioral patern of 1227 university students in medium city with the viewpoint of smoking and drinking status during the months of April and May, 1985. The main findings were as follows: 1. 40.3%of the male students surveyed were smoking cigarettes. 2. Smoking rates were significantly different by sex, grade, age, specialty and residence, respectively (P<0.01). 3. 84.1 % of smokers were smoking below 1 pack of cigarettes per day and smoking amounts were not significantly different by grade, sex, age, special ty and residence. 4. The duration of smoking were significantly different by grade and sex. 5. The amounts of drinking were significantly different by sex, age, specialty and residence, respectively (P<0.01). 6. The favorite kinds of liquor were significantly different by grade and sex (F<0.01), age and specialty (P<0.05), respectively. 7. "Optimistic prone students" were revealed to be heavy drinker. 8. Students who have high self-esteem scale were revealed to be heavy drinker. 9. The knowledge of health effects of smoking was significantly different between smoker and non-smoke. 10. Smokers were drinking more than non-smokers. 11. The rates of smoking were higher in "pessimistic prone students" than in "optimistic prone students." 12. According to the multiple classification analysis, non variables selected affected on amounts of smoking. 13. According to the multiple classification analysis, amounts of drinking were significantly affected by smoking-or-not, the knowledge of health effects of alcohol, personality and self-esteem variables.
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Derivation of Cubic and Hexagonal Mesoporous Silica Films by Spin-coating
Pan, Jia-Hong,Lee, Wan-In Korean Chemical Society 2005 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.26 No.3
By introducing spin-coating method to the evaporation induced self-assembly (EISA) process, a simple and reproducible route in controlling the mesophase of silica thin films has been developed for the first time in this work. When a comparatively solvent-rich Si-sol (The atomic ratio of TEOS : F127 : HCl : $H_2O$ : EtOH = 1 : 0.006 : 0.2 : 9.2 : 30) was used as coating solution, the mesophase of resultant silica films was selectively controlled by adjusting the spin-on speed. The cubic mesophase has been obtained from the coating at a low rpm, such as 600 rpm, while the 2-D hexagonal mesophase is formed at a high rpm, such as 2,500 rpm. At a medium coating speed, a mixture of cubic and hexagonal mesophase has been found in the fabricated films. The present results confirm that the evaporation rate of volatile components at initial step is critical for the determination of mesopore structures during the EISA process.
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Antioxidant activity of ginseng cultivated under mountainous forest with different growing years
Hong-Yan Pan,Yang Qu,Jian-Kui Zhang,Ting-Guo Kang,De-Qiang Dou 고려인삼학회 2013 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.37 No.3
Ginseng cultivated and grown naturally under mountainous forest is formally called “Lin-Xia-Shan-Shen” (LXSS) and grown in manual condition is called garden ginseng (GG) according to Chinese pharmacopoeia (2010 edition). Usually the growing condition of LXSS is similar to wild ginseng and mostly used in Chinese folks in ancient times. The antioxidant properties of LXSS with different growing years were evaluated by their inhibitions of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBA-RS) formation in liver homogenate and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-radical scavenging activity comparing with those of GG. The inhibitions of different polar extracts (n-butanol and water) of LXSS and GG on TBA-RS formation were also evaluated. The results showed that the antioxidant effects of LXSS were higher than those of GG and the TBARS formation inhibition of LXSS with longer growing years were stronger than those with shorter growing years, while the DPPH-radical scavenging activity of LXSS did not show significant difference with the change of the growing year. The results indicated that the inhibitory effect of TBA-RS formation and the DPPH-radical scavenging of LXSS were correlated with the contents of ginsenosides. In adddition, the starch contents of LXSS and GG were determined by micro-amount method with spectrophotometer. It showed that the starch content in GG was higher than that of LXSS whose starch decreased gradually with the growing year.
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Hong Pan,Yuting Hou,Xiaolian Chao,Lingling Wei,Zupei Yang 한국물리학회 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.3
La_2O_3-doped Bi_0.5(Na_0.68K_0.22Li_0.1)_0.5TiO_3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics have been successfully prepared by conventional solid state method and the effects of La_2O_3 doping on microstructure and electrical properties of the ceramics were investigated. The X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrated all ceramics possessed pure perovskite structure with rhombohedral symmetry. The temperature dependence of dielectric constant and dielectric loss revealed two abnormal dielectric peaks of T_d and T_m,which implied that from room temperature to 500 ℃ all ceramics underwent two phase transitions which were from ferroelectric to anti-ferroelectric and anti-ferroelectric to paraelectric, respectively. It was also found that the transition temperature T_d decreased with the addition of La_2O_3. Diffuse phase transition and frequency dispersion of the dielectric constant were observed in all ceramics. Dielectric relaxor behavior obeyed the modified Curie―Weiss law. The results revealed that all samples had relaxor characteristics. In addition, for the ceramics with 0.1 wt.% La_2O_3, optimized electrical properties were obtained, which were as follows: ε_r = 1254 (1 kHz), tan δ = 0.0483, d_33 = 192 pC/N, K_p = 0.27,P_r = 29.1 μC/cm^2, and E_c = 29.0 kV/cm.
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Pan, Jia Hong,Sun, Darren D,Lee, Chongmu,Kim, Yong Joo,Lee, Wan In American Scientific Publishers 2010 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.10 No.7
<P>Highly organized cubic mesoporous WO3/TiO2 films were successfully prepared by evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) process, employing triblock copolymer as template. The characterization results by XRD, SEM, TEM, UV-Vis. spectrophotometry, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms reveal that the mesoporous films are made up of well-defined 3-D cubic (lm3m space group) mesoporous structure and nanocrystalline anatase frameworks with high surface area, uniform pore sizes and excellent optical transparency. Photocatalytic properties of the mesoporous WO3/TiO2 films in decomposing gaseous 2-propanol to CO2 were analyzed as a function of calcinations temperature. The highest photocatalytic activity was obtained for the films calcined at 450 degrees C, which possess an appropriate crystallinity and relevant ordering of mesoporous structure. It was found that that long-range ordering of mesopores is one of the important factors in determining the photocatalytic degradation of gaseous organics.</P>
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Hong Pan, Jia,In Lee, Wan Royal Society of Chemistry 2005 NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY Vol.29 No.6
<P>Highly organized mesoporous titania and silica thin films were synthesized using a triblock copolymer-templated sol-gel method <I>via</I> an evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) process. For the first time, we have found that the mesophase of these metal oxides can be selectively controlled by varying the spin-coating conditions. With spin-coating at a low speed, such as 600 rpm, cubic mesoporous TiO<SUB>2</SUB> or SiO<SUB>2</SUB> thin films are obtained, whereas 2D hexagonal mesoporous thin films are formed at a high spin-coating speed of around 2000 rpm for 20 s. On the other hand, a mixture of hexagonal and cubic phase is formed for films prepared at an intermediate spinning speed of 1000 rpm for 10 s. The fabricated mesoporous thin films, characterized by XRD, TEM, and UV-visible spectroscopy, show that the mesopore structures are highly ordered, without any cracks, and thermally stable (up to 400 °C). The hexagonal and cubic mesoporous TiO<SUB>2</SUB> films of 300–320 nm thickness have about 95% transparency and exhibit a ultra-uniform surfaces. We believe that the evaporation rate of volatile components in the coated film is qualitatively proportional to the speed of spin-coating, and this determines the mesophase of the resultant films.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Highly ordered cubic and hexagonal mesoporous TiO<SUB>2</SUB> and SiO<SUB>2</SUB> thin films can be selectively obtained by varying the spin-coating conditions in the evaporation-induced self-assembly process. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b417310d'> </P>
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