Critical role of bile acid (BA) in the cellular entry and permissiveness of Hepatitis B virus in vitro

Hong‑Jai Lee,Bo‑Young Shin,Jae‑Seung Moon,Ailyn Fadriquela,Selikem Abla Nuwormegbe,Chun‑Chang Ho,Jin‑Su Shin,Jee‑Sang Yoon,Sang‑Kyou Lee,Soo‑Ki Kim 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.3

Background Lack of universal replication system for hepatitis B virus with narrow host range and organ tropism has hampered to uncover the pathogenesis of HBV. Previously, we reported the essentiality of humoral milieu and its components toward HBV and hepatitis C virus survival/viability in vitro. Of these components, the precise role of enterohepatic humoral milieu such as bile acid (BA) on HBV cultivation in vitro and in vivo is unknown. Objective We explored whether BA, specifically taurochenodeoxycholic acid (tCDCA) would directly regulate the viral DNA and surface antigen expression of HBV in vitro, consequently rendering HBV to enter into human or murine immortalized hepatocytes, and non-hepatocytes. Result We found that higher concentration of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (tCDCA) is able to preserve the genomic stability of HBV in cell-free DMEM, showing higher the surface antigenicity than taurocholic acid (tCA). In line, we found that in vitro cell culture condition (100 μmol/L of tCDCA coupled with 1 × 108 g e/mL HBV) would be optimal for HBV entry into target cells. Using this, human (HepG2, Huh7), and rodent (Hepa1c1c7, H4-II-E) hepatoma cell lines were infected by HBV, as evidenced by the presence of HBV biomarkers (HBsAg, and HBV DNA in culture supernatant, as well as HBcAg in cell). Further, cellular entry test revealed that HBV is able to infect 12 different non-hepatic cell lines regardless of species, and organ/tissue, consequently reproducing progeny as confirmed by HBV biomarkers. Last, reinfection test showed that the progenies of HBV from immortalized HepG2, and Hepa1c1c7 cells are able to enter into each or vice versa naïve HepG2, and Hepa1c1c7 cells with or without BA. Conclusion This study demonstrates that enterohepatic humoral milieu such as BA, specifically tCDCA would directly regulate HBV DNA and its surface antigen expression in vitro, consequently rendering HBV to enter into human or murine immortalized hepatocytes, and non-hepatocytes. This is the first note to render HBV permissive to human or rodent hepatic and non-hepatic cells via sole manipulation of humoral milieu, thus establishing the platform for in vitro robust replication system of HBV.

성대마비환자를 대상으로 시행한 후두근전도검사의 임상적 유용성

최홍식,최영준,문상우,김태만,최홍식,최영준,문상우,김태만 대한이비인후과학회 1999 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.42 No.2

THERRESTRIAL IMPACT CRATERING CHRONOLOGY: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

Moon, Hong-Kyu,Mi, Byung-Hee,Fletcher, Andre-B.,Kim, Bong-Gyu The Korean Space Science Society 2001 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.18 No.3

We have recently compiled a database of the properties of 192 impact craters, which supercedes previous compilations. Using our database, the impact structures found in North America, Europe and Australia have been examined; these cratonic areas have been relatively stable for considerably long geological periods, and thus have been best preserved. It is confirmed that there is a close correlation between the geological epoch boundaries, the epochs of mass extinctions, antral the "timing" of impacts. In addition, the terrestrial cumulative flux of objects >20km is found to be $1.77{\times}10^{-15}km^{-2}yr^{-1}$, over the last 120 Myr, which is much smaller than the published values in McEwen et al. (1997) and Shoemaker (1998) ($5.6{\pm}2.8{\times}10^{-15}km^{-2}yr^{-1}$. For terrestrial impact structures with D> 50 km, the apparent cumulative flux over the last 2450 Myr is ~50 times smaller than the corresponding value for the Moon. If we assume that the Earth and the Moon suffered the same level of bombardment over this time, this would mean that the actual flux of impacting bodies, capable of making craters with D)50 km, was ~ 50 times larger than the apparent flux estimated from the currently known terrestrial records.

지난 2년간의 학회지 "신경정신의학" 심사 평가보고

김찬형,김세주,김도관,김성곤,박원명,송동호,박용천,이영문,오강섭,정영철,이상열,김주한,이동영,이헌정,함병주,김율리,김문두,김정진,이강욱,천근아,김재진,홍진표,홍승철 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.6

국내 노상토의 M_R특성 분석을 위한 실험적 연구

문홍득,신영철 진주산업대학교 1997 산업과학기술연구소보 Vol.- No.4

The deflection and deterioration of road surfaces are largely related to the deformation of underlying soils. The American Association of State Highways and Transportation Officials(AASHTO) has adopted use of resilient modulus in the pavement design to represent the deformational characteristics of pavement materials due to repeated loading. Because of the recent interest in the use of resilient modulus for pavement design, it is needed to evaluate on the effects of moisture, soil type, and stress state on resilient modulus. In this paper, resilient characteristics are investigated for subgrade soils gained from road construction sites in Korea. The experimental technique basically follows the method suggested in this study.

발전소 디지털 제어계통의 신뢰도 평가기술에 대한 고찰

문채주,김홍렬,조병수 木浦大學校 工業技術硏究所 1999 工業技術硏究誌 Vol.9 No.-

As applications of digital system are increasing in nuclear power industry, there are increasing on importance of their reliability assessment. This paper describes definition, analysis methods and procedure of reliability for digital system in terms of hardware. The reliability analysis is classified as qualitative method and quantitative method. This paper presents a representative qualitative method, FMEA, and three quantitative methods, Reliability Block Diagram, Fault Event Trees, Markov state Transition Method, which can be applicable in power plant. The comparisons of three quantitative methods are presented for analyst to select a suitable method according to environments of applications. The procedure is also presented for systematic safety and reliability analysis of digital system. Each step of the procedure is described in terms of objective, necessity, method and consideration.

Ayres의 감각통합중재 중심원리에 따른 치료사의 치료수행도 조사

홍은경,김경미,장문영 대한감각통합치료학회 2011 대한감각통합치료학회지 Vol.9 No.1

목적 : 본 연구에서는 자기-평가 방법을 이용하여 Ayres의 감각통합중재 중심 원리를 바탕으로 한 치료사의 치료적 수행 정도를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 연구기간은 2010년 5월부터 6월까지이었고, 연구대상은 감각통합중재를 하고 있는 치료사 66명이었 다. 자기 기입식 설문지를 이용하여 Ayres의 감각통합중재 중심원리에 따라 치료를 수행하는 정도를 자기-평가 하도록 하였다. 설문지는 감각의 기회제공, 적절한 도전의 과제 제공, 활동을 선택할 기회 제공 등 Ayres의 감각통 합중재 중심 원리에 대한 10가지 항목으로 구성하였다. 총 66부의 수거된 설문지는 기술통계를 이용하여 분석하 였고, T 값을 통해 퍼센타일을 알아보았다. 결과 : 모든 치료사들은 Ayres의 감각통합중재 중심 원리의 10가지를 모두 고려하여 치료하는 것으로 나타났다. 10가지 Ayres의 감각통합중재 중심 원리 중 자기 조직화 가이드 중심 원리를 제외하고 90%이상에서 종종, 자주, 항상 고려하여 치료하고 있었다. 감각의 기회제공, 적절한 과제제공, 활동 선택 기회제공, 아동의 성공을 최대화, 신체적 안전성 보장, 치료적 존중의 감정 조성은 T 값 50점 이상을 나타냈다. 자기 조직화 가이드, 적절한 각성 유 지, 놀이 환경의 조성, 아동이 치료실 정리에 참여는 T 값 50점 이하를 나타냈다. 결론 : 지속적인 Ayres의 감각통합중재 중심 원리에 따른 치료사의 자기 수행에 대한 평가를 통해 치료의 질을 점 검하고 높이는 것이 필요하다. Purpose : In this study, we tried to know that how the occupational therapists applied the core principles of Ayres's sensory integration(ASI) intervention for clients by using the method of self-assessment. Methods : The study period was from May 2010 to June 2010. The subjects were therapists who use a sensory integration intervention. We letted them to do self-assessment about degree of performing the treatment according to the core principles of ASI by using a questionnaire. Total 66 questionnaires were collected. SPSS for Windows version 15.0 was statistically analyzed. Results : There wasn't anybody without considering the 10 core principles of ASI interventions for children. Therapist's answer(more than 90%) was sometimes, often, always except for the guide self-organization in the 10 core principles of ASI intervention. On the basis of total average score of raw score of 10 core principles of ASI intervention, provide sensory opportunities, provide just-right challenges, collaborate on activity choice, maximize child's success, ensure physical safety, and foster therapeutic alliance showed more than 50 points(T value). The guide self-organization, support optimal arousal, create play context, and arrange room to engage child showed less than 50 points T value. Conclusion : The most effective interventions for sensory integration is the treatment based on the core principles of ASI intervention. According to core principle of ASI intervention, checking the quality of care and increasing the quality of care is needed through performing self-assessment.

Santiago 의 自然觀 : Santiago's Outlook on Nature

홍문표 군산대학교 1980 群山水産專門大學 硏究報告 Vol.14 No.2

We can find the typical narration which flows straight into the interrior of reader's mind without any formal restriction. As Emerson indicated, the quality of the imagination is to flow, and not to freeze. With the sufficient approach to Hemingway's vision of himself and the world, we can figure out his real attitude toward liter-ature. When we admit the fact that the essential American soul is hard, isolate, stoic, and a killer, there would be much more illusions to perceive in Santiago's outlook on nature according to Hemingway's code. That is also his morality illuminating his own honor and dignity in his literary works.

비안와대뇌형 모균증 치험 3례

문영일,김종남,홍순관,이지애,정옥경,김문정 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1997 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.20 No.3

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is a well-described fulminant fungal infection that typically presents in a rapidly fulminant manner. This condition is more likely to occur among patient with diabetes mellitus, malignant tumors, who have long-term steroid treatment, or who suffer from some debilitating diseases. We report 3 cases of rhinoorbitocerebral mucormycosis, all suffered from diabetes mellitus. In all 3 cases, endoscopic sinus surgery was done and the antifungal agent(amphotericin B) was administered intravenously, and two patients died. One survivor who had focal extension of paranasal sinus and orbit, required one surgical intervention without orbital exenteration and he is alive without recurrence disease. The severity of the disease is probably dependent upon the gost resistance to the invasion of phycomycetes. Early diagnosis and immediate, effective treatment are the key for cure of the disease.

빠른 푸리에 변환을 이용한 영상 처리

홍사용,김문원 公州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1995 自然科學硏究 Vol.4 No.-

탁상용 컴퓨터를 이용하여 공간 주파수 필터를 효과를 수치적으로 계산하고 푸리에 변환의 진폭 성분과 위상 성분의 중요성을 분석하였다. 푸리에 적분 시간을 절약하기 위해 빠른 푸리에 변환 방법을 수치 계산 방법으로 채택하였다. 진폭 성분보다 위상 성분이 중요한 정보를 지니고 있다는 결과와 초상화와 같은 일반적 영상의 경우 대부분의 정보가 낮은 주파수 영역에 있음이 입증됐다. The numerical analysis about the effects of spatial filtering and the importance of the amplitude and phase of Fourier transform was carried out by using a desktop PC. FFT was adopted for the numerical analysis to reduce the amount of time to calculate Fourier integrals. The results proved that the phase carries the more relevant information than the amplitude in general. The information was mostly placed in low frequency domain for common images such as portraits of people.