실리카흄을 흔입한 고강도 콘크리트 개발

홍창우,김태경,김경진,김성환,김남윤,심도식,이정호,윤청호,백민경,원치문,박제선,이주형,정경일 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 1996 석재연 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

콘크리트 구조물이 대형화됨에 따라 설계단면이 증대되어 상대적으로 많은 경제적 손실을 부담하게 된다. 따라서 단면을 감소시키면서도 소요의 하중에 안전한 구조물을 건설하기 위해서는 우선적으로 구조물 건설에 기초가 되는 고품질, 고내구성의 고강도 콘크리트 개발이 절실히 요구된다 본 연구에서는 일정 시멘트비 및 혼화재 비율하에서 소요의 워커빌리티가 확보되는 고강도 콘크리트를 시간과 온도의 변화에 따라 증기 양생하여, 압축, 인장, 휨강도 뿐만 아니라 파괴특성을 실험적으로 연구하였다. 시료 제작시 시멘트 입자 사이의 공극 및 불연속 영역을 충전하여 고밀도화하기 위한 콘크리트용 혼화재로 시멘트 비표면적이 상당히 작은 초미립 분말인 실리카흄을 이용하였다. 또한 AE감수제 및 고성능 유동화제를 사용하여 혼화재의 첨가에 의하여 발생될 수 있는 워커빌리티의 감소를 방지하였다. 실험결과에 의하면 일정 양생 지속 시간하에서 온도의 증가에 따라 콘크리트의 압축, 인장 및 휨강도가 전반적으로 증가하였다. 동일하게 일정 온도하에서 양생 지속시간이 커짐에 따라 강도들이 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 상대적으로 높은 온도와 긴 지속 양생 조건하에서 파괴에 대한 저항력이 크게 나타났다. The compressible, tensible, and flexibleresistance of the high strength concrete is analyzed by the experimentation in the present study. For the test, we cure several samples with the silica fume as a mixture being become dense the spaces between the particle of cement under the variation of both the temperature and the curing-interval. Then, the superplasticizer and the ezcon are also used to satisfy the required workability for construction. The compressible, tensible, and flexible resistances to a stress are increased as increasing the temperature and the time interval for the curing. Therefore it is concluded that the overal fractural and mechanical properties is improved by mixing the silica fume into the cement.

차학경의 『딕테』에 나타난 정체성에 대하여 : 미주 이민문학과 관련하여 Relation to Korean-American Literature

홍경표 한국어문학회 2004 語文學 Vol.0 No.86

This paper is a study on the Korean-American Immigrant writer, Theresa Hak-Kyung Cha's 『Dictee』(1982). This Korean-American text is no full narrative structure, no linear story. So this text is called as mixed or multiple genre rather than novel, poetry, or prose. This text, 『Dictee』 is very different writing from other Korean Immigrant writers, especially 1 or 1.5 immigrant generation, on the point of 'Identity'. Identity on the text 『Dictee』, there will be arranged as follows: 1. 『Dictee』 is a writing of the author, Korean-American Immigrant writer Hak Kyung Cha's self-identity. 2. Her self-identity on the text is divided two sub-identity, family self-identity and racial or national identity. 3. This two identity is formulated in relation to others, her mother and father, mother-tongue, Yu Guan Soon, St. Theresa Martin, Japanese colonialist and Korean modem 4. On the text, 『Dictee』, her identical conscious is split between the social and true-self. In conclusion, 『Dictee』 is a book that bring us vivid new ways of thinking about Asia-Americans, culture, and identity.

大學生 出身地를 指標로 한 韓國의 勢力圈

洪慶姬 慶北大學校 師範大學 1976 敎育硏究誌 Vol.18 No.-

This study is to delineate the tributary area of eight provincial capitals (except Suwon) in Korea based on the university and college student catchment area. Student catchment area was known referring to the home addresses in the records of each student card furnished by the universities and colleges concerned. Based on this, the number of students sent to the nine provincial capitals by every Shi and Gun was counted and by doing this the dependence of each Shi and Gun upon the nine provincial capitals was measured. Then the tributary area of the nine provincial capitals was delineated by letting each Shi and Gun belong to the provincial capital upon which it depends most (figure 1). It has been suggested by geographers that the student catchment area can be used for the criteria of delineating the tributary area. But no attempt has ever been made to apply this. university student catchment area for the criteria to many cities of Korea. The student catchment area delineated here was compared with the telegram region once delineated by me (Hong, Kyung Hi : Delineation of the Tributary-Area of Cities in Korea Based on the Inter-regional Telegram Interchange, Education Journal of Kyungpook University, Vol. 14(1972), pp. 1-18)and the economic region by Norton (R.D.Norton & M.K.Wood: Economic Regions in Korea) and the Province as an administrative division, (fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 1). As a result, the three kinds of tributary areas and province showed a close proximity to each other. Despite the fact that the selection of the college was decided by the students themselves, it was proved that the student catchment area nearly coincides with the province as an administrative unit (except seven Shis and Guns) and the province of Korea is in close proximity to the geographic region. The difference between the catchment area and the telegram region seems that the former uses the actual movement of the people as its criteria while the latter uses the means of mass communication irrelative to any geographical conditions as its criteria. The area in which the above three areas do not coincide with one another was regarded as a transition zone. 23 Shis and Guns were identified as transition zones and they were distributed generally around the vicinities of provincial borderlines, (fig. 4) This paper dealt only with the university level student catchment area as its criteria, but according to my experience of sample study in Taegu city it is hoped that, for more complete delineation of the tributary area of the provincial capital, both the catchment area of the patients in the general hospitals and the newspaper circulation area will be delineated and then combined with the student catchment area.

Association of 20 potential ATP2B1‐interacting genes with blood pressure in Koreans

Kyung‐Won Hong,Hyun‐Seok Jin,Ji‐Eun Lim,Bermseok Oh 한국유전학회 2011 Genes & Genomics Vol.33 No.3

Plasma membrane calcium‐transporting ATPase 1 (ATP2B1)is associated significantly with blood pressure in Caucasians and Asians. ATP2B1 regulates calcium homeostasis and belongs to the P‐type calcium pump family; several studies have identified diverse proteins that bind to ATP2B1. We hypothesized that ATP2B1 regulates blood pressure through ATP2B1‐interacting genes. To this end, 20 potential ATP2B1‐interacting genes were selected, 197 SNPs of which were analyzed for their association of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. These 20 genes were categorized into 2 groups: ATP2B1‐binding genes and ATP2B1‐cleaving calpain family members. Three ATP2B1‐binding genes (CALM1, NOS1, and PDLIM1)were associated with blood pressure, and a SNP in CALM1(rs2401887) generated the strongest association signal (beta=‐3.60±0.92, p=8.9×10^(‐5) for systolic blood pressure and beta=‐1.40±0.62, p=0.02 for diastolic blood pressure). Of the calpain family members, 3 genes (CAPN6, CAPN9, and CAPN10)were associated with blood pressure, and the CAPN10 SNP rs4676348 yielded the strongest association signal (beta=‐0.88±0.27, p=0.001 for systolic blood pressure and beta=‐0.58±0.18, p=0.015 for diastolic blood pressure). Further, the interaction of CALM1 to ATP2B1 was examined using the blood pressure of individuals who carried both variants of CALM1and ATP2B1 genes. Similarly the interaction of CAPN10 to ATP2B1 was also examined. The CALM1 variant (rs2401887)and CAPN10 variants (rs4676348) appear to decrease blood pressure further in addition to the decrease by the variant (rs17249754) of ATP2B1, which suggests that ATP2B1 might regulate blood pressure through the ATP2B1‐interacting genes CALM1 and CAPN10.

항암제 AG60이 흰생쥐 위점막 상피세포의 DNA합성에 미치는 영향 : 자기방사법적연구

박경호,안의태,고정식,하상선,한영복,정영신,홍은경,유보림,김상건,이경영,강종구 대한해부학회 1999 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.32 No.1

大邱市의 工業 硏究 : 第1部 大邱 工業의 構造

洪慶姬 경북대학교 1968 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

Ⅰ. Introduction. 1. Purpose of study. To form a link in the chain of national and regional planning city development has been brisk and the implementation of the first five year plan has enlarged urban functions. Accordingly, most leading cities have not only been striving in passive city planning such as the solving of housing shortages, provision of traffic networks and water systems, and expansion of social welfare facilities, but also have had to exert themselves to build up a firm foundation for industrial development which is the basis of modern urban growth. Because of its inland location and essentially local nature. Taegu, though the third largest city in South Korea, has been slow in its industrial development compared with Seoul, Pusan, and other coastal cities. However, in view of 1) the national development program for the purpose of effectively developing national resources and settling gaps of employment and income between regions, 2) strategy and 3) traditional situation of Taegu as the leading city in Yong Nam, the fostering of Taegu city as a standard inland industrial city is required. Prior to the active industrial development of Taegu, full and exact knowledge of the actual status of Taegu industry as a whole is urgently needed. It is unfortunate that no basic and systematic study of Taegu industry has been made except for a few fragmentary investigations. Such being the case, this study intends by basic and systematic study, to find out the actual status, characteristics and related problems of Taegu industry in order to find out the orientation of development and provide basic information for establishing a reasonable industrial development plan, together with clarifying a phase of Korean urban industry through the analysis of the case of Taegu. 2. Method of study. This study was actually made as of the end of 1963, making use primarily of various statistics. Of the statistical materials "Directory of Taegu Manufacturing Industry" and "Inquiry cards compiled by Taegu City Industrial Section" were mostly used. As to the parts for which no information was available, the results of questionnaires distributed to forty five representative enterprises selected in accordance with appropriate criteria were used, together with field study. In the meantime, the results of a nationwide industrial census were used for comparison. Major changes since 1963 and not covered in this study are outlined in the attached table. Ⅱ. Contents of Study Major contents of the analysis are as follows: 1. position of Taegu industry (1) position in the industry of the nation a. in view of number of plants, number of employees, and output b. in view of the percentage of industrial population in the total work force. c. in view of "locational quotient" d. in view of each industrial group (2) importance of industry to the economic base of the city 2. industrial structure (1) structure by group. a. number of plants by group b. number of workers by group c. outputs by group d. specialized industry in Taegu (2) structure by size a. categories of plants according to number of workers b. categories of workers according to size of plants c. characteristrics of industrial scale in view of number of plants and workers 3. process of industrial development (1) 1st period (1910-1925): transplantation of new industry (2) 2nd period (1926-1934): establishment of industrial basis (3) 3rd period (1935-1945. 8.15): industrialization (4) 4th period (1945. 8.15.-1950. 6.25): industrial stagnation (5) 5th period (1950.6.25- ): industrial jumping 4. distribution (1) distribution by "Ku" and "Dong" (2) distribution by industrial group a. textile industry b. food industry c. beverage industry d. wood & timber industry e. furniture industry f. paper & paper products industry g. publishing industry h. leather & leather products industry i. rubber products industry j. chemicals & chemical products industry 1. clay, glass & stone products industry m. basic metal industry n. metal products industry o. machinery industry p. electrical machinery industry q. transport equipment industry r. other industry (3) major industrial area a. northern industrial complex b. western home industry area c. Seungseu-Wolbe new industrial complex d. readjustment of industrial area (4) characteristics of Taegu industry in terms of distribution 5. locatoin facters and related problems (1) major location factors materials a. raw materials b. market c. transportation d. labor e. plant site f. water g. electricity h. fuel i. capital (2) favorable and unfavorable location factors (3)examination of pertinent industries for Taegu a. industries suited in view of location factors b. industries prepared for future population increase c. industries suited for an inland industrial city d. industries favorable for export (4) plant manager's view of industrial location in Taegu 6. analysis of major Taegu industries by group (1) textile industry (2) machinery industry (3) chemical industry (4) primary metal industry (5) metal industry Ⅲ. Conclusion. 1. Characteristics and related major problems of Taegu industry. The characteristics and related major problems of Taegu industry revealed through the above analysis are as follows: 1) As of 1963, Taegu holds 6.6% of the nation's industrial bodies, 10.8% of the employees, and 7.6% of the industrial output, thus holding an important position in the industry of the nation. In view of the percentage of industrial population Taegu ranks first (29.4% in 1960 census) among twenty seven cities of the country, on the other hand, a higher percentage of people are employed in industry in Taegu city. In addition industry provides more than one third of the municipal taxes which shows that industry plays a major rose in the development of Taegu city. 2) Around 1930 when industry began to develop through the transplantation of new industries after Korea's annexation to Japan (1910), Taegu established its industrial basis and took the shape of an industrial city after the Sino-Japan War. Except for the short lagging period between the liberation and the Korean War, Taegu's industrial base has been developing at a considerable rate. The development of Taegu's industry can be divided into the following stages; First stage: Transplantation of new industry (1910-1925) Amidst the intermixed existence of the traditional handicrafts and the new-style industries the silk-reeling industry was in full swing as a major industry. Second stage: Establishing the basis of industry (1926-1934) Affected by the general industrialization of the nation industry was developed smoothly and tobacco and silk-reel ing industries appeared. Third stage: Industrialization (1935-1945 August 15 Liberation) The textile industry was further expanded and the foundation for a textile city was consolidated, along with the rise of such industries as food processing, chemical, machinery etc. This stage shows multiplication of industrial structure. Fourth stage: Stagnation of industry (August 15 Liberation-June 25 1950 Korean War) Because of the disorder of the post-liberation period industrial growth was stagnant. Fifth stage: Take-off of industrial development (June 25 Korean War-the end of 1963) Taking advantage of the industrialization of the nation after June 25 1950 a total of 823 factories corresponding to 74% of the total factories in Taegu, were newly built in modern style. 3) Taegu depends heavily on the textile industry as the sole special industry. In short the textile industry holds two thirds of Taegu industry and one third of the nation's-the largest in the country. However, heavy reliance on the fibre industry may check the development of other industries and weaken the economic foundation of Taegu. Moreover, the development of the textile industry in other leading cities of the country might seriously weaken the exclusive position of the Taegu textile industry and bring about the collapse of the economic basis of Taegu since it depends so heavily on the one industry. 4) Small and medium enterprises are overwhelming. About 99% of the plants and three fourths of the employees are in this category and the growth is typical of small and medium industries. Most of these enterprises are small & inefficiently managed and there is no link with larger enterprises. Many of them have insufficient funds to enable them to become viable production units 5) Over two thirds of Taegu industry is light industry, the products of which are mostly consumer goods. As the heavy chemical industries in the coastal and Kyung-in areas begin to develop Taegu's position as a light industrial city will become clearer and this might cause the city to become a degraded local light industrial city. 6) Taegu is favourably situated for industrial development as regards labor force, transportation, the traditional market system, provision of agricultural raw materials and consumers' market. In addition, plant sites and industrial water conditions are foreseen as favourable in the near future. On the other hand, the unfavourable sides of Taegu's location for industry can be seen in that Taegu is an inland city a long way from the coast, remote from coal and other major underground resources, and lacks the balanced development of related industries. The city's purely local function and its extreme climate are other disadvantages which check the development of heavy chemical industry. Possibilites for developing industry in Taegu. 1) In terms of the above characteristics of the industrial situation 2) the providing for the anticipated increase of urban population 3) the national land development, and 4) the fostering of exporting industry, textile industry, metal, food, and all kinds of machinery industries are recommended. Among others the textile industry provides itself with every condition to be a basic industry in Taegu, not only at present, but in the future, if it is considered that the improvement of group structure, the expansion of scale of operations, and the development of related machinery industry should be followed for more development. 7) (a) Because of the delay in forming an industrial complex, factories in Taegu are scatteres fairly evenly throughout the city. 80% of the factories are situated in the residential area and 26.8% are in the heart of the city, which could be harmful to the development of the city and industry, (b) In the meantime, there is a tendency for plants to expand towards the outskirts. After the liberation the western home industrial area became the center of such a development with new plants continually being built, (c) Large-scale plants are concentrated in the northern district but in all other areas the small and medium industries are overwhelming, (d) It is also noticed that the heavy industries - metal, machinery and transportation equipment plants arc concentrated along the railway. 8) Compared with Seoul and Pusan, Taegu is characterized by its dominance of a basic industry which aims at finding a market outside the city rather than within. 2. The main object of this study does not lie in establishing development policies for Taegu industry. However, by synthesing the results of the study, the following points could be used as the basis of specific development policy making. 1) solution of problems faced. The common problems hindering the development of Taegu industry are, in order of importance 1) shortage of raw materials, 2) shortage of funds, 3) narrowness of market, 4) high taxation. These four major problems are not faced by Taegu only. However, considering the fact that Taegu is local inland city less favoured in many ways than Seoul and Pusan, they are relatively even more significant to Taegu and urgent measures by the pertinent authority are needed to solve them. 2) a) Developments should be geared to Taegu's inland position and make use of the geographical features. The city's geographical conditions are unfavourable for the development of a heavy chemical industry because of the transport handicap as an inland city and the shortage of mineral resources in the hinterland, but favourable for industries which depends on a large labor supply and market. The stress laid on the development of the Kyung-in area and coastal industries cities shown the second 5 year plan should be reviewed from the point of view of overall development and from the strategic view point. With this in mind, Taegu, the largest inland city, should be developed as the standard industrial city. Accordingly, the basic industries to be developed in Taegu should be textiles and their related machinery industries. b) The over concentration of small and medium industries is one of the problems of Taegu city. However, since small and medium industries play a great part in the industry of Korea, the necessity of developing them in Taegu is urgent. By doing this a clue to solving the problems involved in small and medium enterprises in Korea can be found in Taegu. c) The fostering of Taegu as the core industrial city in the Yongnam area. Taegu has a vast hinterland in the Yongnam area, including the whole Naktong River-basin. Taegu has been, and will continue to be the traditional central city of the area. Now that the development of the Yongnam area is being positively pushed on, Taegu's function as a strategic city should be strengthened and industries enabling Yongnam to become self supporting should be fostered. d) Fostering Taegu as an industrial city connected with the Pohang and Ulsan industrial areas. The advent of the Pohang Steel Mill and the Ulsan Chemical gave vitality to the long stagnant Taegu industry and forces an inevitable change in its constitution. Taegu now has the chance to build a foundation as a supporting base for the heavy chemical industries and to develop related industries, and should make plans to do this. 3) Scheme for the achievement of the target suggested. ⅰ) Readjustment of the industrial basis A. Readjustment of land transportation B. Development of industral sites and water projects. ⅱ) Redistribution of work between the various sizes of enterprises ⅲ) Planned inducement of related industries.

郵便番號를 指標로 한 韓國 都市圈 設定

洪慶姬 慶北大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.50 No.-

To delineate the tributary areas of urban centers is an important task both in the urban geography and in the regional planning. Thus, the primary attempt of this study is to delineate the recent tributary areas of Korean Cities(Shis) based on postal code. The simplest method was used in principle to delimitate the adjacent, surrounding areas(Guns), with the same postal codes, to the urban centers(Shis). The results are as follows: (1) The new postal delivery area based on the 1988 postal codes was delineated. This area comprises 49 urban areas.(Fig.1) (2) The old postal delivery area based on the 1976 postal codes was also delineated to compare with the new postal delivery area. This area is composed of 41 urban areas. (Fig.2) (3) To supplement two major defects, the new postal delivery area was compared with the old postal delivery area and Hong, Kyung-Hi's telagram area as in 1969. As a result synthetic tributary area, which has more practical value, was accomplished.(Fig.5, Table 1) (4) For each Shi and Gun in all Korea, the new postal delivery area, the old postal delivery area, telegram area and synthetic area to each of which it belongs were found out and a comprehensive list was made.(Table 1.) (5) The boundaries of both tributary areas of cities and political divisions(Guns and Myuns) generally coincide with each other. But non-coincident areas in which two Myuns) generally coincide with each other. But non-coincident areas in which two cities compete amount to 14 Guns, 15 Eups and Myuns in the new postal delivery area (Table 2) ; 35 Guns, 89 Eups and Myuns in the old postal delivery area(Table 3)/ They are identified as transitional zones to be examined in the alteration of administrative divisions and in the establishment of various planning regions. (6) The old postal delivery area and telegran area showed a close proximity to each other(Fig.3) as the new and old postal delivery ares did(Fig.4).

Quality of care in inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: the results of a multinational web-based survey in the 2nd Asian Organization of Crohn`s and Colitis (AOCC) meeting in Seoul

( Hye Kyung Song ),( Kang-moon Lee ),( Sung-ae Jung ),( Sung Noh Hong ),( Dong Soo Han ),( Suk-kyun Yang ) 대한장연구학회 2016 Intestinal Research Vol.14 No.3

Background/Aims: The quality of care in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been systematically estimated. The aim of this study was to investigate the current status of quality of IBD care in Asian countries. Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted between March 2014 and May 2014. The questionnaire was adopted from “An adult inflammatory bowel disease physician performance measure set” developed by the American Gastroenterological Association. If the respondent executed the performance measure in more than 70% of patients, the measure was regarded as well performed. Results: A total of 353 medical doctors from Asia completed the survey (116 from Korea, 114 from China, 88 from Japan, 17 from Taiwan, 8 from Hong-Kong, 4 from India, 3 from Singapore, and 1 each from the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia). The delivery of performance measures, however, varied among countries. The documentation of IBD and tuberculosis screening before anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy were consistently performed well, while pneumococcal immunization and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolisms in hospitalized patients were performed less frequently in all countries. Physician awareness was positively associated with the delivery of performance measures. Variations were also noted in reasons for non-performance or low performance of quality measures, and the two primary reasons cited were consideration of the measure to be unimportant and lack of time. Conclusions: The delivery of performance measures varies among physicians in Asian countries, and reflects variations in the quality of care among the countries. This variation should be recognized to improve the quality of care in Asian countries.

발라드와 敍事詩의 장르 規定問題

廉弘炅(Hong­Kyung) 영남대학교 인문과학연구소 1983 人文硏究 Vol.4 No.-

식품 기준·규격의 합리적 관리 ·운영에 관한 연구(Ⅰ) : 두부,식용유지, 전분의 분말상 원료에 관하여 Powdered marerials of Tofu, Edible oil, Starch

김희연,홍진환,박혜경,한상배,박종석,이은주,이정성,송경희,최은희,최영준,소경아,성영제,이주엽 식품의약품안전청 2000 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.4 No.-

본 연구는 분말상 원료(전분, 대두분)의 저장유통시 품질변화를 건전성과 안전성 측면에서 검토하여 식품의 기준 ·규격 설정f.」 합지적으로 반영하고자 하였다. 전분과 패두분의 이물을 검사하고, 2종 대두분(중국산, 미국산)을 ?0일간 IS'c와 30t에 저장하면서 성상, 수분, 산가, 과산화물가, 지방산 조성,아플라톡신 BB의 생성여부를 분석하였다. 중국산 대두분 30'』 저장군에서 50일 이후 곰팡이가 발생한 것 이외에 모든 시료에서 양호한 성상을 나타내었고, 전분과 대두닥 모든 시료에서 이물은 검출되지 않았다. 산가는 중국산과 미국산 시료간에 편차를 보여 증국산 30"C, 50일 저장시료에서 약 10배끙도 증가하였고, 과산화물가는 저장 90일후 15'E 저장군은 약 2.3배, 30'c 저장군은 3배정도 증가하였다. 대두분의 주요 지방산은 linoleic acidf18. 2), oleic acid(18 : 1), palmitic acid(16 : 0)이었으며, 3개월 저장에 따른 지방산 함량의 변화는 미미하였다. 아플라톡신 B₁은 모든 시료에서 검출되지 않았다. The objective of this study was to investigate auality changes of type raw materials(starch, soy flour) during various storage conditions. Starchflour(source of China, U.S.A) were slfred under two temperature(15'C, 30'c) forSensory evaluation, (o.reign material test, moisture content, acid value, peroxide ualue,composition, aflatorin Bi were analyzed. China soy flour(stor·ed 30'f) was contaminated by fungj on 50 days. Except for soy flour contardnated by fungi, sensory characteristics were not changed and foreign mater;als were notdetected. Acid value of China soy flour(stored at 30'C, 90 days) was about 10 times higherlevel before storage and acid value was more influenced by source(China, USA). Peroxide valuewas in proportion with the storage period slightly. The major fatty acid of soy flour waslinoleic acid(18 . 2), an(3 the change of fatty acid composition was not observed. Aflatoxlrl Blwas not detected.