Critical role of bile acid (BA) in the cellular entry and permissiveness of Hepatitis B virus in vitro

Hong‑Jai Lee,Bo‑Young Shin,Jae‑Seung Moon,Ailyn Fadriquela,Selikem Abla Nuwormegbe,Chun‑Chang Ho,Jin‑Su Shin,Jee‑Sang Yoon,Sang‑Kyou Lee,Soo‑Ki Kim 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.3

Background Lack of universal replication system for hepatitis B virus with narrow host range and organ tropism has hampered to uncover the pathogenesis of HBV. Previously, we reported the essentiality of humoral milieu and its components toward HBV and hepatitis C virus survival/viability in vitro. Of these components, the precise role of enterohepatic humoral milieu such as bile acid (BA) on HBV cultivation in vitro and in vivo is unknown. Objective We explored whether BA, specifically taurochenodeoxycholic acid (tCDCA) would directly regulate the viral DNA and surface antigen expression of HBV in vitro, consequently rendering HBV to enter into human or murine immortalized hepatocytes, and non-hepatocytes. Result We found that higher concentration of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (tCDCA) is able to preserve the genomic stability of HBV in cell-free DMEM, showing higher the surface antigenicity than taurocholic acid (tCA). In line, we found that in vitro cell culture condition (100 μmol/L of tCDCA coupled with 1 × 108 g e/mL HBV) would be optimal for HBV entry into target cells. Using this, human (HepG2, Huh7), and rodent (Hepa1c1c7, H4-II-E) hepatoma cell lines were infected by HBV, as evidenced by the presence of HBV biomarkers (HBsAg, and HBV DNA in culture supernatant, as well as HBcAg in cell). Further, cellular entry test revealed that HBV is able to infect 12 different non-hepatic cell lines regardless of species, and organ/tissue, consequently reproducing progeny as confirmed by HBV biomarkers. Last, reinfection test showed that the progenies of HBV from immortalized HepG2, and Hepa1c1c7 cells are able to enter into each or vice versa naïve HepG2, and Hepa1c1c7 cells with or without BA. Conclusion This study demonstrates that enterohepatic humoral milieu such as BA, specifically tCDCA would directly regulate HBV DNA and its surface antigen expression in vitro, consequently rendering HBV to enter into human or murine immortalized hepatocytes, and non-hepatocytes. This is the first note to render HBV permissive to human or rodent hepatic and non-hepatic cells via sole manipulation of humoral milieu, thus establishing the platform for in vitro robust replication system of HBV.

성인 남성이 선호하는 외투 디자인과 색채에 관한 연구 : 20ㆍ30대를 중심으로

홍성주,김보연,류숙희 계명대학교 생활과학연구소 2001 科學論集 Vol.27 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate that men in their 20's and 30's prefer what kind of styles and colors in overcoats. To achieve this purpose, this study was carried out by suggesting the overcoats of 7 styles and 24 colors to 546 men in their 20's and 30's. We analyzed and compared their preferred styles and colors in overcoats, by examining the individual factors such as age, marriage status, personality and education. This study shows the following results. Men in both their 20's and 30's liked the classic styles like style B and neutral colors most. The extroversive and single men in their 20's preferred the casual and polished styles in contrast to others. On the other hand, the introversive and married men in their 30's preferred the classic and formal styles. Skin color has nothing to do with preference of styles.

TIRE/ROAD NOISE GENERATION MODEL에 關한 硏究

홍동표,이희보,김병삼 전북대학교 공업기술연구소 1992 工學硏究 Vol.23 No.-

A theoretical models has been prepared which describes the noise generated by tire/road interaction. The model begin with a set of thin shell equations describing the motion of the belt of a radial ply tire, as drived by Bo¨hm("mechanisms of the Belted tire", Ingeniur-Archiv, XXXV,1966). Structural quantities required for these equations are derived from material properties of the tire. The rolling shape of a tire is computed from the steady-state limit of these equations. Vibrational response of the tire is treated by the full dependent shell equations. The force input at the tire/road interface is calculated on the basis of tread geometry and distribution of contact patch pressure. Radiation of sound is calculated by a simpson integral. Using the programs, the effect on noise of various tire design variations is computed and discussed. Trends which lead to low noise design are identified.

건물 산란계수를 이용한 비가시거리 영역에서의 전파환경

홍성욱,강부식,김흥수 濟州大學校 産業技術硏究所 1997 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.8 No.1

In this paper, the scattered electric fields is computed to predict the shielding zone by analysing the effect of the reflected azimuth anlge at the building, and considering the path differences at observation point between the rays from origin and any point in the building. The scattering coefficients. which are applicable to the prediction of shielding zone. are computed and compared with measured one. We found that the scattering power become weak over 10 degree of the azimuth angle at which the scattering coefficient is lower than 40 dB. From this, the shielding zone can be estimated.

남성 사무직 근로자들의 직무스트레스와 간기능 이상과의 관련성

홍정연,김형렬,이보람,김용규,구정완,박정일 大韓産業醫學會 2009 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.21 No.2

목적: 사무직 근로자의 직무스트레스와 간기능 이상의 관련성을 파악하고자 하였다. 방법: 근로자 건강검진에 참여한 남성 사무직 근로자 664명을 대상으로 응답자 직접 기입식 건강 검진 문진 및 한국인 직무스트레스 측정도구(Korean Occupational Stress Scale)의 결과와 각 근로자의 간기능 검사결과를 통해 간기능 이상에 영향을 주는 요인에 대해 분석하였다. 결과: 직무요구도 및 전체 직무스트레스 수준이 높은 군에서 간기능 이상률이 증가하였다. 음주 행동과 BMI에 따라 근로자 군을 분류하였을 때, 직무요구도 및 전체 직무스트레스 수준이 높은 군에서 간기능 이상률이 증가 하였다. 불건강 음주를 하는 군과 BMI 25이상 비만자군의 경우 직무스트레스의 수준이 간기능 이상에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 직무요구도 및 전체 직무스트레스 수준이 높은 군에서 간기능 이상과 관련성을 보였다. 따라서 직무스트레스의 조직적 관리 및 접근을 통해 간기능 건강에 기여 할 수 있을 것이다. Objectives: We wanted to investigate the relationship between job stress and liver dysfunction in Korean male white collar workers. Methods: A total of 700 male white collar workers who worked at one electronic institute and who participated in an annual surveillance program were recruited: 664(94.9%) workers were initially recruited and the data for 36 workers was excluded due to poor responses and a past history of liver disease. The questionnaire survey included the participants' general characteristics, the job-related factors, the health-related behaviors and job stress. Job stress was assessed using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF). We merged the job stress data with the individual liver function results by conducting annual surveillance. Multiple logistic regression analysis with adjusting it for the Confounding variables, including alcohol drinking and the body mass index (BMI), was used to evaluate the relationship between job stress and liver dysfunction. Results: After adjustment for the confounding variables, the proportion of liver dysfunction cases was significantly higher in the groups with a high level of job stress, as assessed by the 'job demands and total score'. After conducting a stratified analysis with considering alcohol drinking and the BMI, the prevalence odds ratio of liver dysfunction was higher in the groups with a high level of job stress, as assessed by the 'job demands and total score'. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the level of job stress (and especially that assessed by the job demands and total score) is related to liver dysfunction. Thus, further preventive efforts and studies are needed to reduce job stress and address liver dysfunction.

기종성담낭염에 의한 기복증

홍경숙,오보영,이령아 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2013 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.36 No.2

樂浪塼築墓에 대한 一考察

洪潽植 부산대사학회 1993 역사와 세계 Vol.- No.17

식품저장수명에 대한 ceramic film package의 효과

홍상필,오두환,양융,선보경 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1993 논문집 Vol.25 No.1

The positive of effects of ceramic film package on the shelf life of foods were compared with those of P.E. film. compared with P.E. film package, ceramic film package inhibited growth of microorganisms and decreased lipid oxidation velocity. Ceramic film package extended the shelf life of Vit. C and stabilized chlorophyll pigment. Total score in the organoleptic tests for ceramic film packed foods was higher than that for P.E. film packed foods.

분묘로 본 매장 형태의 변화 : 영남 지역의 선사·고대 분묘를 대상으로

홍보식 동의대학교 인문과학연구소 2002 인간과 문화 연구 Vol.7 No.-

Sol-Gel 법에 의한 SnO_2의 물성 및 센싱 특성

박보석,홍광준,김호기,박진성 한국센서학회 2002 센서학회지 Vol.11 No.6

초기 물질은 SnCl_2 · 2H_2O와 C_2H_5OH를 사용하여 sol-gel 법으로 제조된 SnO_2 미세 분말의 제반 물성과 전기적 센싱 특성에 대하여 검토하였다. Gel 분말은 sol을 72시간과 168시간 숙성(aging) 시킨 후 120℃에서 건조하여 제조하였다. 600 ℃ 이하에서는 휘발성 물질이 제거되면서 SnO_2 상이 증가하고, 700℃/30min 열처리로 SnO_2 상 생성은 거의 완결된다. 입자 크기는700℃ 이하에서 30nm 이하로 유사하고 입도 분포도 좁았다. 전기적 성질 측정을 위한 시편은 후막법으로 알루미나 기판위에 제조하였다. 공기 중의 전도성은 450℃ 부터 반도성 세라믹스의 진성(intrinsic) 거동을 보이고, 200-450℃ 구간에서는 SnO_2 입자 표면에서의 산소흡착에 기인해서 전도성 변화가 작았다. 환원성 CO 기체에 대한 응답성, 회복성 그리고 감도 특성은 숙성일자 증가로 향상되었다. Fine particles of SnO_2 were fabricated by the sol-gel powder processing using tin(Ⅱ) chloride dihydrate(SnCl_2 · 2H_2O) and ethanol(C_2H_5OH) as raw materials. The powders were investigated about the properties and electrical sensing. Gel powders were fabricated by drying of sol at 120℃ after aging 72hrs and 169hrs. The amount of SnO_2 phase was increased below 600℃ due to the elimination of volatile components, and the SnO_2 phase was almost completed by the heat treatment at 700℃ for 30min. The grain sizes were about 30nm below 700℃, and it showed the narrow distribution of the grain sizes. The specimens to measure electrical properties were fabricated by the thick film screen printing technique on the alumina substrates. The conductance of SnO_2 was showed the intrinsic behavior of semiconducting ceramics above at 450℃. The constant conductance was observed in the temperature range of 200~450℃. The sensing properties of response time, recovery, and sensitivity of CO were improved with aging time.