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Sketch of International Digestive Endoscopy Network 2012 Meeting: Overview
Ho Gak Kim 대한소화기내시경학회 2012 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.45 No.3
International Digestive Endoscopy Network (IDEN) is an international meeting covering scientific subjects of diverse topics about upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, colonoscopy, endoscopic ultrasonography, and PB endoscopy. IDEN is organized by Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and the Korean Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Research Foundation, and took its first step in 2011 in Seoul, Korea. IDEN inaugurated a new era of diagnostic and therapeutic GI endoscopy. IDEN 2012 was designed to offer participants from all over the world with opportunities to share up-to-date knowledge about basic and clinical aspects of GI endoscopy and to engage in in-depth discussion with worldwide well-known experts. During the 2 days of meeting, there were 62 invited lectures, 28 case-based discussions, 20 video lectures, and 6 breakfast with the experts. There were a total of 598 participants registered from 12 countries, including Asian countries, Europe, and USA as well as Korea.
김호각 ( Ho Gak Kim ) 대한내과학회 2010 대한내과학회지 Vol.78 No.3
Cystic diseases of pancreas are increasingly detected because of high quality of imaging modality. Most of pancreatic cysts are discovered incidentally. Differential diagnosis of pancreatic cysts is very important because they include wide range of pathologic disease such as inflammation, benign neoplasm, borderline and malignant neoplasm. The most common cystic disease of pancreas is post-inflammatory pseudocyst, but in recent decades the incidence of neoplastic cysts, such as serous cyst neoplasm, mucinous cyst neoplasm, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm has increased. Among the cystic neoplasms, mucinous cystic neoplasm, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm are premalignant, and serous cystadenoma has no malignant potential. Patient`s age, symptoms and a possible history of acute or chronic pancreatitis together with cross-sectional imaging modalities are mainstay for differential diagnosis of cystic diseases of pancreas. Cystic fluid cytology and analysis for CEA, mucin stain, and viscosity are providing additional information for differentiation. But cross-sectional images have overlapping findings in various cystic diseases and cystic fluid aspiration has still lack of sensitivity. The purpose of this review article is to provide the overview of the differentiation of pancreatic cystic lesions. (Korean J Med 78:279-288, 2010)
중국 유아의 사교육 경험, 필요성 및 가족 간 갈등 인식이 유아의 문제행동에 미치는 영향
호약각(Ho, Yak-gak),김현수(Kim, Hyun-su),이성희(Lee, Sung-hee) 한국열린유아교육학회 2021 열린유아교육연구 Vol.26 No.4
본 연구는 중국 유아의 사교육 경험을 밝히고, 유아의 사교육 경험, 사교육 필요성, 가족 간 갈등인식이 문제행동에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 만3세~5세 유아를 둔 북경, 상해, 중경 지역 부모를 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였으며 최종 441명의 자료를 분석하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 유아 대부분 사교육 경험이 있었고, 사교육 시작시기는 만 4세가 가장 많았으며, 월평균 10~15만원을 사교육비로 사용하고 있었다. 둘째, 사교육으로 인한 가족 간 갈등인식이 높을수록 유아의 외현적 문제행동과 하위요인인 활동/충동성, 공격/반항성이 높아졌다. 셋째, 사교육 경험이 적고 사교육으로 인한 가족 간 갈등인식이 높을수록 유아의 내재적 문제행동과 하위요인인 분리불안이 높아지고, 우울/위축, 일반적인 불안수준, 새로운 것에 대한 거부에는 가족 간 갈등인식이 가장 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 중국 유아 문제행동에는 사교육 경험보다 가족 간 갈등인식이 더 중요한 변인으로, 유아 양육 및 교육을 위한 가족 간 긍정적 상호작용의 환경구성이 유아 문제행동을 해결하는데 효과적인 접근임을 시사하고 있다. The present study revealed the private education experiences of young children in China and analyzed how their private education experiences, parental perception of the need for private education, and conflict between family members due to private education affect their external and internal behavioral problems. To this end, the study conducted online surveys for parents of young children aged three to five years living in the Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, and Tianjin area, and the final data of 441 subjects were analyzed. First, the results showed that most of young children in China had private education experiences, and the reason for private education appeared to be for the potential and aptitude development. Young children most commonly began private education at 4 years old, and they spend an average of 100,000 to 150,000 KRW per month for private education expenses. Second, an increase in conflict between family members due to private education led to an increase in external behavioral problems and its subfactors, specifically, activity/impulsivity and aggression/defiance. Third, less private education experiences and an increase in conflict between family members due to private education led to an increase in internal behavioral problems and its subfactors, specifically, separation anxiety. Depression/withdrawal, general levels of anxiety, and a rejection of new things served as key variables that affect conflict between family members due to private education. In the present study, conflict between family members due to private education appeared as a more important variable with regard to the behavioral problems of young Chinese children than private education experiences, and thus parental education regarding communication and conflict resolution can be an effective approach toward resolving the behavioral problems of young children by reducing conflict between family members with the purpose of rearing and educating young children.