Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 by ginsenoside Ro attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in macrophage cells

Kim, Sokho,Oh, Myung-Hoon,Kim, Bum-Seok,Kim, Won-Il,Cho, Ho-Seong,Park, Byoung-Yong,Park, Chul,Shin, Gee-Wook,Kwon, Jungkee The Korean Society of Ginseng 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.4

Background: The beneficial effects of ginsenoside species have been well demonstrated in a number of studies. However, the function of ginsenoside Ro (GRo), an oleanane-type saponin, has not been sufficiently investigated. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of GRo in vitro using the Raw 264.7 mouse macrophage cell line treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to clarify the possible mechanism of GRo involving heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which itself plays a critical role in self-defense in the presence of inflammatory stress. Methods: Raw 264.7 cells were pretreated with GRo (up to $200{\mu}M$) for 1 h before treatment with 1 mg/mL LPS, and both cell viability and inflammatory markers involving HO-1 were evaluated. Results: GRo significantly increased cell viability in a dose dependent manner following treatment with LPS, and decreased levels of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. GRo decreased inflammatory cytokines such as nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 induced by LPS. Moreover, GRo increased the expression of HO-1 in a dose dependent manner. Cotreatment of GRo with tin protoporphyrin IX, a selective inhibitor of HO-1, not only inhibited upregulation of HO-1 induced by GRo, but also reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of GRo in LPS treated Raw 264.7 cells. Conclusion: GRo induces anti-inflammatory effects following treatment with LPS via upregulation of HO-1.

Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 by ginsenoside Ro attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in macrophage cells

Sokho Kim,Myung-Hoon Oh,Bum-Seok Kim,Won-Il Kim,Ho-Seong Cho,Byoung-Yong Park,Chul Park,Gee-Wook Shin,Jungkee Kwon 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.4

Background: The beneficial effects of ginsenoside species have been well demonstrated in a number of studies. However, the function of ginsenoside Ro (GRo), an oleanane-type saponin, has not been suffi- ciently investigated. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of GRo in vitro using the Raw 264.7 mouse macrophage cell line treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to clarify the possible mechanism of GRo involving heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which itself plays a critical role in self-defense in the presence of inflammatory stress. Methods: Raw 264.7 cells were pretreated with GRo (up to 200mM) for 1 h before treatment with 1 mg/ mL LPS, and both cell viability and inflammatory markers involving HO-1 were evaluated. Results: GRo significantly increased cell viability in a dose dependent manner following treatment with LPS, and decreased levels of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. GRo decreased inflammatory cytokines such as nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 induced by LPS. Moreover, GRo increased the expression of HO-1 in a dose dependent manner. Cotreatment of GRo with tin protoporphyrin IX, a selective inhibitor of HO-1, not only inhibited upregulation of HO-1 induced by GRo, but also reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of GRo in LPS treated Raw 264.7 cells. Conclusion: GRo induces anti-inflammatory effects following treatment with LPS via upregulation of HO-1.

과전류 보호계전기용 광섬유 전류센서

송민호,양창순,안성준,박병석,이병호 한국비파괴검사학회 2001 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.21 No.5

과전류 보호계전기에 사용할 목적으로 광섬유를 센서헤드로 사용하는 광 전류센서를 구성하였다. 전류측정의 원리는 도체 주변에 감겨진 광섬유 코일을 따라 광신호의 선형편광축이 자기장에 의하여 회전하는 정도를 측정하여 이로부터 전류의 값을 산출하는 편광측정 방법이 사용되었다. 센서코일은 10/125 mm 규격의 일반 통신용 광섬유를 미터당 20회전 이상 비틀어 제작하여 온도나진동 등의 환경적 영향을 최소화하였다. 코일의 한쪽 끝은 Faraday Rotator Mirror를 장착한 반사형으로 설계하여 계통을 해체하지 않은 상태에서도 센서의 탈×부착이 가능하고 코일의 회전수에 따라 센서의 민감도 조절이 용이하며 폐회로형 구조이므로 인근 신호원에 의한 간섭을 차단할 수 있다. 편광 빛가르개 등을 이용한 광학 신호처리부를 구성하고 표준 전류원을 이용한 전류측정 실험을 수행한 결과로 이론적인 해석과 동일한 형태의 출력을 얻을 수 있었다. 본 논문에서는 구성한 광 전류센서의 이론적 모델을 기술하고 전류측정 실험의 결과와 이론치에 대하여 비교 분석한다. A robust, accurate, broad-band, alternating current sensor using fiber-optics is being developed as a part of optical over current protection relay system. The sensor uses the Faraday effect in optical fiber and polarimetric measurements to sense electrical current. The current sensing coil consists of a length of twisted optical fiber and Faraday rotator mirror to suppress the linear birefringence effect. Due to its single-ended closed path structure, it can not only be easily installed to the target with great isolation from other fields in the vicinity, but the sensitivity can be increased by using multiple turns. This paper reports on the theoretical backgrounds of the sensor design and the preliminary experimental results.

외고정 장치를 이용한 경골 원위부 개방성 분쇄골절의 치료

이병호,하상호,김경호 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 2000 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.25 No.1

Background and Objectives : To assess the clinical results of the open comminuted distal tibia fractures managed with two types of external fixators. Materials and Method : Thirty-nine patients, who were treated with Ilizarov (n=23) or Orthofix (n=16), were classified according to the AO classification: 8 B2; 9 B3; 5 C2; 10 C3. The average follow-up periods were 22 months. The clinical results were compared between the two types of external fixators based on the fracture pattern, severity of soft tissue injury, union rate, and complications. Results : The bony union rates were 65.2%(15/23) in Ilizarov external fixator group without secondary procedure, 25%(4/16) in Orthofix group without secondary procedure, and 87.5%(7/8) in Ilizarov group with secondary procedure, and 83.3%(10/12) in Orthofix group with secondary procedure. The incidence of complications was 52.2%(12/23) in Ilizarov group and 56.3%(9/16) in Orthofix group. Conclusion : Ilizarov external fixator is considered as a more useful method for treating the open comminuted distal tibia fractures of the adult compared with Orthofix external fixator. However, careful intraoperative management needs to avoid angular instability which can occur in Ilizarov method.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Android를 이용한 원격조종 어드벤처 게임 개발

안병호, 안성옥, 김수균 배재대학교 공학연구소 2013 공학논문집 Vol.15 No.1

In this paper, we introduce a two game programs and device controller installed programs remotely playable game. The existing joystick and the game screen is integrated to the smart phone game users feel uncomfortable from another device to disconnect the joystick control was designed. Games and controllers of this new system and it could lead to a new and fun game of the inconveniences of the existing games can be improved.

진로집중과정의 기준개선 및 실행방안 탐구

이병호 안암교육학회 2011 한국교육학연구 Vol.17 No.1

고교생이 자신의 진로에 적합한 교육과정을 이수하여 효율적인 진로 선택 및 준비를 하는 것은 학생의 효과적인 학습뿐만 아니라, 대학 전공학문에 필요한 기초 과목 이수 등 국가 교육력 제고란 측면에서도 매우 필요하고 중요한 일이다. 2009 개정 교육과정은 ‘일반계 고교는 진로집중과정을 편성․운영하여야 한다.’는 기준을 제시하고 있으나, 우리나라 고교의 2011년도 입학생 교육과정 편성표를 살펴보면 대부분 일반계 고교는 문과(인문사회과정)와 이과(자연이공과정)란 기존의 두 체제를 여전히 유지하고 있다. 본 연구는 진로집중과정에 관한 국가교육과정 기준의 수정․보완이 필요하다고 보고 진로집중과정의 개념과 특징, 필요성과 효과 등 진로집중과정의 기초에 대해 탐색한 뒤, 우리나라 고교 진로집중과정의 현황을 분석 하였고, 이를 토대로 국가교육과정기준의 개선 및 진로집중과정의 실행방안에 대해 탐색, 제안했다. It is a very important and necessary thing that the high school students have an educational opportunity which is adequate for their career plan or career preparation. The purpose of this study is to explore the basic concepts, traits, necessities, effects, and current state of affairs and problems, and to research the improvement methods on the problems of standards of the career focused curriculum in general high school in Korea. The main results are as follows. Firstly, National curriculum 09 in Korea should suggest that the guideline of the recommended kinds and numbers of the career focused curriculum in the general high school in Korea. Secondly, the standard of National curriculum 09 in Korea for the career focused curriculum should be more specified and practical, which needs to contain a sample of individual career focused curriculum(humanities course, social science course, natural science course, engineering course, arts and physical educational course. etc) Thirdly, the central government and 16 MPEAs should publish the revised guideline or manual on the career focused curriculum for the school curriculum developer. Lastly, through the cooperation with Korean Council for University Education, the central government should present the core subject of the individual career focused curriculum for the sake of the curricular transition from high school to college.

Spiral Wire 충전 맥동 추출탑의 유동특성연구

최호상,김우식,김병식 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1980 논문집 Vol.12 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate a dynamic characteristics of solvent extraction system by analyzing holdup and RTD curve of pulse column packed by spiral wire. The experimental results showed that holdup of dispersed phase had influence on pulse velocity and superficial liquid velocity. Particularly, holdup increased in proportion to pulse velocity and continuous phase velocity. And it showed that the experimental value approached the theoretical dispersion model within the low range from 2 to 5. When Pe is 4, the experimental value was to approach the theoretical value by the dispersion model.

두부외상후 우울기분을 보이는 환자의 특성에 관한 연구

강호성,이병회,김상훈 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 1998 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.23 No.2

Objective : This study was undertaken to identify the clinical and pathoanatomical correlates of depressed mood in patients with closed head injuries. Method : A consecutive series of 66 patients were examined by means of a semistructured psychiatric interview. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale as well as scales measuring impairment in activities of daily living, intellectual functioning, and social functioning were administered. The patients' CT scans were also examined. Patients fulfilling criteria for depressed symptoms in PSE and DSM-Ⅳ were divided 2 groups based on the presence of depressed mood and compared to patients without depressed mood for background characteristics, impairment variables, and lesion characteristics. Results : There were 19 patients (28.8%) with depressed mood. The presence of left dorsolateral frontal lesion and/or left basal ganglia lesions and, to a lesser extent, parietal lesions was associated with increased probability of developing depressed mood. Conclusions : Depressed mood occures in about one-quarter of patients after traumatic brain injury. The findings suggest that the common symptom of post-brain injury depressed mood appears to be provoked by injury to certain critical brain lesions.

낮병원과 입원 정신분열병환자와의 신경심리학적 검사 특성

오병훈,현명호,김인성 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.1

Neuropsychological test was done in 20 schizophrenics(10inpatients and 10day hospital patients) diagnosed by DSM III-R criteria and 20 normal controls. The study was aimed at comparing the neuropsychological function between normal controls and schizophrenics, and further comparing day hospital and inpatient schizophrenics. Another aim is to suggest psychomotor disturbances in schizophrenia as a possible basis of psychopathological marker. Motor performance series (MPS) and DG(determination unit) were used as computerized neuropsychological batteries. Schizophrenics had decreased neuropsychological function compared with normal controls. Impatient schizophrenics showed significantly decreased cognitive function compared with day hospital schizophrenics. But in MPS, no significant differences were found between inpatient and day hospital schizophrenics. In conclusion, this study suggests that psychomotor dysfunction in schizophrenics may be regarded as a psychopathological marker. Day hospital treatment especially the one with cognitive rehabilitation program is suggested t be more efficient for treatment of schizophrenics