http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
An Animal Model for the Pathology of Aging : Osteoporosis and Periodontitis
Tillman, Hilde H.,Schwartz, Joel L.,Shklar, Gerald Korean Academy of Oral Biology and the UCLA Dental 1996 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.21 No.1
An animal model has been utilized for the study of pathologic changes in aging. The model offers an opportunity for the study of osteoporosis and periodontal disease. The senescent rat (28 month old Fisher rat) demonstrates aging changes that can be observed radiographically and microscopically in the skeltal system. Aging changes can also be observed in other tissues such as reproductive organs, tongue and salivary glands. These aging changes were also confirmed in hematologic and histochemical analysis of cell populations. The molar dentition was characterized by chronic periodontal disease (periodontitis), with apical migration of epithelial attachment and resorption of alveolar bone. The model offers an opportunity to develop strategies for the treatment of osteoporosis and for the study of the possible relationship of periodontitis to an underlying osteoporosis of alveolar bone and to other physiologic and pathologic changes in the aging process.
Shmuel N. Eisenstadt and the Comparative Political History of Pre-Eighteenth-Century Empires
De WEERDT, Hilde The Asian Association of World Historians 2016 The Asian review of world histories Vol.4 No.1
This essay critically analyses the legacy of Eisenstadt's The Political Systems of Empires for the comparative political history of pre-industrial empires. It argues that Eisenstadt has given us a rich toolkit to conceptualize the formation, maintenance, and dissolution of empires by theorizing the structural relationships between social groups in large-scale polities and among such polities, and by analysing global patterns of development in the distribution of the sources of social power. The Political Systems of Empires provides an inventory of key questions and dynamics that a comparative history of power relationships in empires cannot ignore. This essay, furthermore, discusses three methodological problems in Eisenstadt's work which have had a significant impact on comparative empire studies between the 1980s and the 2000s. The essay argues that certain shared features of comparative studies of pre-industrial empires help perpetuate Eurocentric analyses: the foregrounding of select empires and periods as ideal types (typicality), the focus on macro-historical structures and dynamics without the integration of social relationships and actions in historical conjunctures (the lack of scalability), and the search for convergence and divergence. These features need to be overcome to make Eisenstadt's legacy viable for comparative political history.
Perceived Causes of Work-Related Sick Leave Among Hospital Nurses in Norway: A Prepandemic Study
Ose, Solveig Osborg,Ferevik, Hilde,Hapnes, Tove,Oyum, Lisbeth Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2022 Safety and health at work Vol.13 No.3
Background: Although sick leave is a complex phenomenon, it is believed that there is potential for prevention at the workplace. However, little is known about this potential and what specific measures should be implemented. The purpose of the study was to identify perceived reasons to take work-related sick leave and to suggest preventive measures. The study was completed before the COVID-19 pandemic emerged, and the risk factors identified may have been amplified during the pandemic. Methods: An in-depth cross-sectional survey was conducted across a randomly selected sample of hospital nurses in Norway. The national sample comprised 1,297 nurses who participated in a survey about their sick leave during the previous 6 months. An open-ended question about perceived reasons for work-related sick leave was included to gather qualitative information. Results: Among hospital nurses, 27% of the last occurring sick leave incidents were perceived to be work-related. The most common reasons were high physical workload, high work pace, sleep problems, catching a viral or bacterial infection from patients or colleagues, and low staffing. Conclusions: Over a quarter of the last occurring sick leave incidents among Norwegian hospital nurses are potentially preventable. To retain and optimize scarce hospital nursing resources, strategies to reduce work-related sick leave may provide human and financial benefits. Preventive measures may include careful monitoring of nurses' workload and pace, optimizing work schedules to reduce the risk of sleep problems, and increasing staffing to prevent stress and work overload.
Lee, Seung-Woo,Park, Yunji,So, Takanori,Kwon, Byoung S,Cheroutre, Hilde,Mittler, Robert S,Croft, Michael Nature Publishing Group 2008 Nature immunology Vol.9 No.8
The costimulatory molecule 4-1BB and its ligand 4-1BBL can control adaptive immunity, but here we show that their interaction also suppressed myelopoiesis. We found that 4-1BBL was expressed on hematopoietic stem cells, differentiating common myeloid progenitors and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, and 4-1BB was inducible on activated myeloid progenitors. Steady-state numbers of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, myeloid-lineage cells and mature dendritic cells were higher in 4-1BB- and 4-1BBL-deficient mice, indicative of a negative function, and we confirmed that result with bone marrow chimeras and in vitro, where the absence of interactions between 4-1BB and 4-1BBL led to enhanced differentiation into dendritic cell lineages. The regulatory activity was mediated by 4-1BBL, with binding by 4-1BB inhibiting differentiation of myeloid progenitors. Thus, 4-1BB and 4-1BBL have a previously unknown function in limiting myelopoiesis and the development of dendritic cells.
Functional dichotomy between OX40 and 4-1BB in modulating effector CD8 T cell responses.
Lee, Seung-Woo,Park, Yunji,Song, Aihua,Cheroutre, Hilde,Kwon, Byoung S,Croft, Michael American Association of Immunologists 2006 Journal of Immunology Vol.177 No.7
<P>Members of the TNFR family are thought to deliver costimulatory signals to T cells and modulate their function and survival. In this study, we compare the role of two closely related TNFR family molecules, OX40 and 4-1BB, in generating effector CD8 T cells to Ag delivered by adenovirus. OX40 and 4-1BB were both induced on responding naive CD8 T cells, but 4-1BB exhibited faster and more sustained kinetics than OX40. OX40-deficient CD8 T cells initially expanded normally; however, their accumulation and survival at late times in the primary response was significantly impaired. In contrast, 4-1BB-deficient CD8 T cells displayed hyperresponsiveness, expanding more than wild-type cells. The 4-1BB-deficient CD8 T cells also showed enhanced maturation attributes, whereas OX40-deficient CD8 T cells had multiple defects in the expression of effector cell surface markers, the synthesis of cytokines, and in cytotoxic activity. These results suggest that, in contrast to current ideas, OX40 and 4-1BB can have a clear functional dichotomy in modulating effector CD8 T cell responses. OX40 can positively regulate effector function and late accumulation/survival, whereas 4-1BB can initially operate in a negative manner to limit primary CD8 responses.</P>
Ivan Sanchez-Calleja,Alberto Martínez-Gutierrez,Ruben Ferrero-Guillén,Javier Díez-Gonzalez,Hilde Perez 한국정밀공학회 2024 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.25 No.2
The advent of smart manufacturing (SM) has led to the creation of collaborative environments with cyber-physical systems (CPS) that generate added value. However, the performance of combined industrial operations between mobile CPS such as autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) and collaborative robots (cobots) is hampered by the high uncertainty between their relative spatial locations and the existence of heterogeneous communication protocols that create a barrier to their integration into production processes. For this reason, a novel contact system method (CSM) is proposed to determine the position of the AMR without the need for any additional hardware making use of an architecture that facilitates efficient communication between AMRs and cobots. For this purpose, a mathematical model has been defined to characterize the position of a spatial object with six degrees of freedom in order to calculate the deviation between the AMR and the cobot base. The proposed method has also been evaluated by quantifying the position and orientation error before and after applying the CSM. The effectiveness of the CSM method has been assessed in a real application case based on the feasibility of performing an assembly operation between a bearing and different shafts. The results show a significant improvement of 96.2% in positional accuracy and 85.4% in orientation compared to AMR accuracy. In addition, a 92.5% success rate was achieved in the assembly operation analyzed between a bearing and a shaft of the same diameter. Furthermore, the proposed architecture has enabled the coordination between the cobot and the AMR by automating the processes. Therefore, this work contributes to the field of SM by proposing a practical solution to the challenges of generating added value through the creation of collaborative environments with CPS.