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許興植 영남대학교 2003 민족문화논총 Vol.28 No.-
Gyeosang Province is the south-west area of Korea. From ancient to medieval period there were many Buddhistic temples and God's Shrines. As we know major religion in Koryeo was Buddhism, so were Neo-confucianism was in Choseon period. Gods of Gyeosang Province were three kinds. One is Heaven God, male God, the other is Earth God, female God, the last is Human God, Son of Heaven and Earth, hero and founder of kingdom. Gods was also divided two kinds, one is mountain god; male god, the other is water god; female god. Earth Gods' Shrine in Gyeosang Province in Early Choseon Period were not so many compare with other province. I find out that the reason is high level of religion push out mythic religion shrines. Gyeosang Province kept always traditional culture, but not always ancient tradition.
엄흥식,김준재,김현수,박영정,최상봉,박원도,김상현 인제대학교 2006 仁濟醫學 Vol.27 No.-
Spinal epidural abscess is an uncommon but readily diagnosable and treatable potential cause of paralysis and death. The incidence of spinal epidural abscess is approximately one to two cases per 10,000 hospital admissions in the United States. The symptoms of spinal epidural abscess are varied but include lower back pain, fever, local tenderness and neurological deficit, especially in such high risk groups as patients with diabetes, intravenous drug abuse, chronic renal failure, alcoholism, liver disease and immunocompromization. Infections of the epidural space originate from contiguous spread or via hematogenous routes from a distant source. Cutaneous sites of infection are the most common remote sources, especially in intravenous drug users. S. aureus accounts for most spinal epidural abscess infections, followed by streptococci and gram-negative anaerobes. We here report a case of spinal epidural abscess in renal abscess patient complaining of fever and back pain. A 71-year old female patient was admitted to epigastric pain and oliguria. She had been diagnosed as acute renal failure and treated with hydration. After third hospital days, she shows a persistent fever and drowsy mentality. Abdominal computed tomography demonstrated renal abscess. She was treated with intravenous antibiotics, third cephalosporin. Blood cultures and urinary culture revealed Escherichia, coli. After fourteenth hospital days, she developed back pain, muscle weakness and decreased sensation of lower extremities. Spine MRI demonstrated spinal epidural abscess with spinal cord compression. Surgical drainage with laminectomy was performed. After treatment of intravenous antibiotics and surgical drainage, she discharged with improved back pain and neurological symptom.
송한식,엄홍섭,안기범 東亞大學校 經營問題硏究所 1996 經營論叢 Vol.17 No.-
SUMMARYWe now that system's modeling is to find the functional formulation of system's transformation process from input variables to output value. In this causal relationship, we assume that transformation process has very stable and predictable function and we can only determine parameters of the function.But in this system's modeling process, we bring up two problems. One is, in much cases, we have no conviction that really they have functional relationship. The others is, even if they have functional relationship we can not know the structure of functional equation.To solve this problem, we need a new method which could build functional formulation of itself. It is called self-organizing methods of modeling. GMDH (Group Method of Data Handling) is one of these self-organizing methods.In this paper, the GMDH is used to build a model in some cases.The GMDH algorithm, which was introduced and developed by Ivakhnenko, constructs high-order functional models for complex systems. GMDH self-organized the model from a simple one to one of optimal complexity by a methodology using the process of survival-of-the-fillest principle to determine which new equations to live and which equations to die. This new generation of equations will then be better suited to describe our system then the original this GMDH algorithm has thee steps in detail below. step 1 : constructing new variables Z1, Z2, ......Zm(m-1)/2 step 2 : screening out the less effective variables step 3 : test for optimality We developed this GMDH algorithm to a computer program. We applied GMDH to estimate the function which gives the value of degree of freedom by using Chai square(x2) distribution probability values and time series analysis of stock price estimation. In this trial, we used some previously-known data and the estimation ability of GMDH was good.In conclusion, the GMDH is excellent to build model to estimate dependent variable without specifying functional formulation in system modeling. So, in future study, we can apply this GMDH algorithm to develop the structure of neural network in forecasting and the area of medical science, economic model, etc.
Ti-6Al-4V의 저주기 고온염 피로균열성장거동에 관한 연구
우흥식,강봉수,김봉철 東國大學校 1999 東國論叢 Vol.38 No.-
Fatigue crack growth behaviour of Ti-alloy, Ti-6Al-4V were investigated in air and salt corrosive environments. The temperatures which was tested were room temperature and 200℃. Fatigue crack growth rate is known to be fast for formation of corrosive product by impregnation Ti-Alloy with salt solution in hot salt environment. For the effect on corrosion fatigue crack growth behabiour of sale corrosive transformation in air and high temperature of region Ⅱ, fatigue crack grwoth rate in air atmosphere had a little gap to both case, 200℃ and room temperature. However, it showed very fast tendency especially in salt corrosive atmosphere, and it was remarkably accelerated in 200℃ high temperature salt environment. When ΔK was approximately 30MPa√m, fatigue crack growth rate had a little difference between at room temperature and at 200℃ high temperature, however in case of salt corrosive environment, the former was 3.5 times faster and the latter for 16 times than air environment respectively. For salt corrosive environment of microstructure (Ⅲ), the fatigue life in 200℃ salt corrosive environment was shorter than that of in air, reached to only 32%.