福祉國家에 관한 新保守主義的 見解에 대한 批判

曺興植 청주대학교 1987 한국사회과학연구 Vol.6 No.-

The broad consensus concerning the mixed economy and the welfare state so characteristic of western societies since the second world war has weakened a good deal in recent years. The welfare state is faced with a crisis of legitimacy. As Keynesianism and other social theories of the Centre, which served either as a practical guide to state intervention or as its intellectual underpinning, have lost credibility, the radical critique of wlfare, from the Right as well as the Left, has gained ascendancy. The arguments advanced from the two ends of the spectrum of social thought have acquired greater plausibility. However, the main purpose of this article is only to comment on the critique of the Right - especially the Neo-conservative - of the welfare state. Neo-conservatism predates the economic crisis of the 1970s. But it is the riddle of stagflation that has provided market theories and many liberals with the opportunity to revive the doctrines of laisser-faire. The economic arguments also represent essentially a return to pre - Keynesian, neo-classical thinking. Now the Neo-conservative critique has escaped some of the difficulties of the concept of the inevitability of ignorance and is able to promote an alternative that maximizes freedom from restraint. These proposals - by substituting cash for public services, the individual for the collectivity, a minimum equality of opportunity for the drive for egalitarianism, the market place for the political arena - pose a major practical challenge to the development of the welfare state. But the author does not permit an elaborate critique of Neo-conservatism. The main themes can be summarized as follows; 1. A tendancy to exaggerate and generalize on the basis of insufficient evidence. 2. The use of highly selective evidence. 3. A one-sided and biased view of goverment functioning. 4. An inadequate conception of the role of democracy and politics in modern societies. 5. A failure to recognize the problem of social integration in a market society, namely how to counter the socially disruptive effects of the market economy and maintain a cohesion of the national community. 6. The absence of any histoical appreciation of capitalist development.

폴리에스테르 섬유 감량시스템용 프로세서 타이트레이터 개발

조진호,이흥락,이종현,김명남,구성모,김무영,진경찬,유병희,강민수,김국진 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1993 연차보고서 Vol.1993 No.-

폴리에스테르 섬유 감량시스템의 제어를 위해서는 처리조 내에서 감량되는 섬유가 목표 감량치에 도달했는지를 판단해 주는 장치가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 가성소다용액의 초농도 및 섬유 감량 정도의 정확한 측정과 감량 종료시간의 산출 및 이에 따른 종료신호를 발생할 수 있는 폴리에스테르 섬유 감량기 전용의 자동적정장치를 개발하였다. To control caustic soda treatment system for the polyester fabric reduction, we need the device to determine that the fabric has been arrived target reduction value. In this study, we develope an automatic process titrator for the caustic soda treatment system. Major functions of the target titrating system are accurate measurements of the caustic soda concentration and then producing the end point signal for caustic soda treatment system.

Rammer의 重量이 다짐효果에 미치는 影響

趙誠正,閔興基 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1987 農業科學硏究 Vol.5 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soil compaction, the changes of optimum soil moisture content and maximum dry density in accordance with each weight of 3 rammers and soil types. The results obtained were as follows; 1.According to a change in soil consistency, the increasing ratio of maximum dry density to the change of optimum soil moisture content by rammer weight was appeared in the following order: Rammer II> Rammer III> Rammer I in A and B samples, but in C and D samples: Rammer III> Rammer II> Hammer I. 2.In accordance with rammer weight, the lighter the rammer weight in A and B samples and the heavier the rammer weight in C and D samples, the larger was the increasing ratio of maximum dry density in each sample. That is, it was desirable to compact with lighter equipment in purely cohesive soil, whereas compacting with heavier equipment was good in cohesionless soil. 3.By rammer weight, the larger soil moisture content, the larger was the decreasing ratio of optimum soil moisture content. 4.In the relationship between compacting energy and optimum soil moisture content and maximum dry density, the lighter the rammer weight, the larger was the increasing ratio of maximum dry density and the decreasing ratio of optimum soil moisture content. The lighter the rammer weight, the larger was the effect of soil compaction and the less was optimum soil moisture content in case of over certain compacting energy, but in case of below the compacting energy, the heavier the rammer weight, the larger was the effect of soil compaction and the less was optimum soil moisture content. 5.In case of standard compacting energy, the heavier the rammer weight, the larger was maximum dry density and the less was optimum soil moisture content.

우리나라 농업경영컨설팅의 발전방향

조흥수,권승구 안성산업대학교 1999 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

The objectives of this study are to research on developmental directions fo agricultural management consulting in Korea. The major results through this research are as follows ; (1) The necessity of cooperation system among the farm household & college of agriculture & administration agencies in region. (2) The mental switch over of farm manager for the managerial improvement. (3) The raise of speciality in agricultural management consulting agencies. (4) The exhaustive post management. (5) The education of farm administration & agricultural information for farm manager. (6) The effort for the spread of agricultural management consulting to all farm household.

구개열환자에서 비인두공간과 비인강폐쇄부전과의 연관성

조준희,최병재,심현섭,손흥규 대한소아치과학회 2000 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.27 No.4

비인강폐쇄는 연구개, 인두측벽 그리고 인두후벽간의 움직임이 서로 조화되어 구강과 비강을 나누어주는 괄약근 기전으로서 연하, 호흡 및 발음 등의 생리적 기능에 중요한 역할을 한다. 이 기능에 문제가 생긴 경우를 비인강폐쇄부전이라하며 그 원인으로는 (1) 연구개의 길이 및 움직임이상, (2) 비인두강의 해부학적 공간문제, (3) 인두 후벽과 측벽의 기능이상 등이 있다. 본 연구는 구개월 환자의 측면두부방사선 사진을 통해 비인두강을 해부학적으로 분석하고 동시에 산출된 각 모음의 과비음 정도를 평가하여 비인강폐쇄부전과의 연관성을 비교해 본 것이며, 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1.연구개 길이는 정상인에 비해 현저히 짧았다. 2.adequate ratio는 정상인에 비해 작게 나타났다. 3.adequate ratio가 감소함에 따라 모음 조음시 anatomic mVPI가 점차 증가하였다. 4.각 모음 조음시 anatomic VPI는 과비음정도와 비례관계를 보였다. 5.고모음(/u/,/i/)의 과비음정도가 저모음(/a/)에 비하여 크게 나타났다. 결론적으로, 구개열환자에서 측면두부방사선 사진은 비인강폐쇄부전의 진단 및 평가에 유용하게 사용될 수 있으며, 비인두강의 해부학적 구조는 산출되는 과비음정도와 밀접한 연관성이 있었다. Nasopharyngeal closure is a sphincter mechanism between the activities of the soft palate, lateral pharyngeal wall and the posterior pharyngeal wall, which divides the oral cavity and the nasal cavity. It participates in physiological activities such as swallowing, breathing and pronunciation. In case of an error in this mechanism, it is called a nasopharyngeal incompetence. The causes of this error are defects in (1) length, function, posture of the soft palate, (2) depth and width of the nasopharynx, (3) activity of the posterior and lateral pharyngeal wall. The purpose of this study is to analyze the nasopharynz of cleft palate patients using lateral cephalograms and at the same time, evaluate the degree of hypernasality of each vowels to find its relationship with nasopharyngeal incompetence. The following results were obtained : 1.The length of the soft palate was markedly short than normal. 2.The adequate ratio was smaller than the normal value. 3.As the adequate ratio decreased, when articulating vowels, anatomic mVPI increased. 4.When articulating each vowels, anatomic VPI was in proportion with the degree of hypernasality. 5.The degree of hypernasality was greater in high vowels(/i/, /u/) than low vowel(/a/). From the above results, it can be concluded that in cleft palate patients, lateral cephalograms can be used effectively in diagnosing and evaluating nasopharyngeal incompetence. The anatomic structure of the nasopharynx has close relation to the degree of hypernasality.

우리 나라 중소도시의 성장방안 모색

조흥수,원광희 안성산업대학교 1997 論文集 Vol.29 No.1

The objective of this study was to suggest growht device of small-medium city through comparative analysis of big city and small-medium city in Korea. The major findings were as follows : (1) Groping of legal and systematic side. (2) Strengthening of settlement faculty and expansion of social overhead capital. (3) Consideration of inducement methods for region. (4) Extension of participation extent for inhabitants.

영상처리에 의한 블랭크 가공품의 치수측정을 위한 형상요소 추출법에 관한 연구

조연상,전성재,구현호,박흥식 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 2005 機械技術硏究 Vol.8 No.1

In the design process of a press product, the reverse engineering is a necessary process. Therefore, the method of measurement must be constructed for a blank shape. In order to measure a blank shape, the vision system with non-distortion ren was constructed, and the image processing, the shape recognition and the element extraction module was made with the Visual C++ language. For the shape recognition, the distance-angle function with a shape characteristics ware used and, for the shape of element extraction, the slop function with a element characteristics was used. In this study, the shape of the rectangular gage block and circular product with a simple shape was recognized and elements in the polygon were extracted by using this system.

중국의 생산체제 개편에 따른 복지 수요 및 사회보장제도의 변화

조흥식 서울대학교 국제지역원 1996 국제지역연구 Vol.5 No.1

이 글의 목적은 중국의 사회보장제도가 생산체제 개편에 따른 복지 수요의 변화에 의해 어떻게 변화되어 왔는가를 살펴 보는 것이다. 이를 위하여, 우선 중국에서 생산체제 개편을 중심으로 하는 사회주의 개혁의 성격 및 이와 사회보장과의 관계를 고찰하였으며, 둘째, 이를 바탕으로 중국 사회보장제도의 변화에 영향을 준 복지 수요 및 이데올로기의 내용과, 이에 따라 전개된 사회보장제도의 변화과정을 살펴봄으로써 중국 사회보장제도의 특징을 발견하였으며, 마지막으로 중국 사회보장제도의 전망에 관하여 살펴보았다. 중국의 생산체제 개편에 따른 복지 수요 및 사회보장제도의 변화에 관한 평가와 함께 앞으로의 전망을 요약, 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중국의 사회보장체제는 분배정책의 구현이라기 보다는 생산증대의 정책을 바탕으로 하여 사회주의 강화해 나가는 수단으로서 이루어져 왔음을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 중국의 사회보장은 그동안 꾸준히 성장해 왔지만 과연 레닌과 세계노련이 제시한 사회주의 원칙에 따라 사회보장의 확대가 이루어져 왔는가 하는 점에서 문제가 있다. 따라서 경제성장에 압박을 주지 않으면서 평등추구의 사회보장체제를 어떻게 구축하느냐 하는 것이 중국 사회보장정책이 안고 있는 중요한 과제라 할 수 있다. 세째, 중국 사회보장체제의 실천원리가 개인의 욕구나 권리에 따른 복지급여 원리에 충실하다기 보다는 개인의 노동능려과 성취업적에 따라 시회보장급여가 제공되는 등 노동력의 보존과 강화에 밀접하게 관련되어 있다는 점이다. 네째, 중국의 사회보장 할당 차원에서 적용범위는 대부분의 자본주의 국가의 사회보장과 마찬가지로 노동자 위주로 이루어지고 있어 할다의 포괄성 원칙과는 거리가 있다. 따라서 장애인, 아동, 노령층 등 소외계층에 대한 주택 및 의료복지와 아울러 빈곤대상자와 그 가족에 대해서 앞으로 전체 사회가 책임지도록 하는 방향으로 나아가야 할 것이다. 다섯째, 사회보장 급여 차원에서 볼 때, 그 수준과 내요에서 도시와 농촌간에 현격한 차이를 드러내고 있으며 급여의 적절성 면에서 문제가 있으므로 농촌대책에 대한 전반적인 검토가 요구된다고 하겠다. 여섯째, 사회보장 전달체계 차원에서 방만하고 산만하며 복잡하게 이루어지고 있는 사회보장 관리체계를 개혁하여 단위 관리의 통합이 제기되며, 민주적 관리가 시급한 과제로 부가되고 있다는 점이다. 일곱째, 사회보장 재정 차원에서 볼 때, 노동자의 무갹출 원칙은 지켜지고 있지만 비용조달과 관련하여 기업 스스로 해결해야 하기 때문에 과다한 재정부담으로 인하여 기업의 확대재생산에 어려움이 따르고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 앞으로는 개개 기업단위로 실시하고 있는 각종 보험제도와 수당제도를 공회를 포함하여 집단적으로 공동관리하기 위한 제도적 장치를 마련해야 하며, 도시와 농촌 모두를 포함한 종합적인 사회보장망을 구축해야 한다. Economic and social security systems are intimately connected in all socieites, and China is no exception. Social security programs necessarily become part of an economy's institutional framework, for they affect economic activitites in many ways. The central policy aim is to coordinate economic and social security policies so as to achieve the desired results. In China the social security system has acted as a safety net to catch the human debris disgorged by an economic system under more or lessconstant pressure to increase production. It has endeavoured to compensate for the 'diswelfare' of economic development and change, especially occupational accidents and diseases, youth unemployment, poor family, family disintegration and separation and so on. The purpose of this study is toexplore the change of welfare needs and social security system through economic reform in China. To achieve this goal, firstly, this paper examined the relationship between economic and social security system in China. And secondly, this paper analyzed the characteristics of change of welfare needs and social security system through economic reform in China. Finally, this paper examined carefully the directions for future development of social security system in China. The major findings of this study are as follows: (1) Regarding social securty system in China, a special feature is that the laborinsurance program has been set up for the privileged minority of state-run enterprise workers, while the rest of the population are either left to fend for themselves or to depend on an irregular and poorly constituted state assistance program. (2) The social(labour) insurance program were not flexible enough to cater for the different needs arising from the reform of the economic system. So the future social insurance program must be managed collectively and regulated by the state. (3) The development of social welfre and social relief lagged behind other aspects of the social security system. The future program should thusbe planned alongside withthe reform of the wage system and other allowances made by the state. And it is very important to distribute resouce or non-contributory income supplements to low-income households, while at the same time encouraging collective and local develoment of contributory pension and insurance schemes. (4) The administration of the entire system lacked systematic control and the different parts did not correlate with each another. So a new social security organization would probably need to be created to take charge of the planning and co-ordination of all social insurance, social welfare and social relief programs. (5) The source of funding came almost entirely from the state and lacked variety. Funds should thus be built up for different purposes and be raised from various sources including the state, enterprises or sociery, and individuals. And a decision will have to be made regarding the financial responsibility of those being covered, but this is obviously linked up closely with the wage reform and the extent to which contributions of the workers can influence the kindof benefits enjoyed by them. In relation to the idea of contribution, another suggestion is that fees should be charged for certain services used by the recipients. It is most important for China to acknowledge that a social security system is not there to justify the superiority of socialism, but to assist those who for one reason or another are deprived of the means to support themselves. The Chinese social security system should thus be so formulated and developed that it will truly serve her people.

도시 식생의 효율적인 관리 방법에 대한 연구 : 가로수의 활력도 평가 방법을 중심으로 Focus on the Method of Vitality Test for Street Tree

조영환,박흥석,양권열 7개 국립대학교 환경연구 논문집 공동발행 위원회 2003 공업기술연구 Vol.3 No.-

This paper focused on the methods of vitality test using soil pH and hardness, elongation of branch which are usual methods of the tree vitality test. Especially, this study shows the way of using the technique of electrical resistance, tree condition system and steel rod method for more credibility of test. Ginko trees (Ginko biloba. LINN) which planted for street trees in Bundang new town district were experimental. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The electrical resistance is showed a possitive correlation with soil hardness but, a negative correlation with soil pH. 2. There is found have a negative correlation between tree condition and the electrical resistance. 3. The result of steel rod technique is showed positive relationship between tree growth and number of dead branch.: this analysis shows that bad soil aeration inhibits tree growth and increase dead brance, which are not easily taken the course by other methods. In conclusion, it is efficient use steel rod technique for the tree vitality test with other method -soil pH, hardness, growth of branch, etc- for giving more credibility for the test

새마을 運動의 社會福祉側面과 地域開發 促進方案

曺興植 청주대학교 새마을연구소 1987 새마을硏究論文集 Vol.4 No.-

The main purpose of this article is to establish an activation plan for the regional development through the Saemaul Undong from a standpoint of social welfare. In the first chapter of this article the writer suggests the purpose of study. The second chapter defines the relationship between the Saemaul Undong and the social welfare activities. In the third chapter the writer suggests an activation plan for the regional development through the Saemaul Undong from a standpoint of social welfare. For the activation of the regional development through the Saemaul Undong from a standpoint of social welfare, the writer suggests three subjects as follows ; 1. Activating the Saemaul Undong through the activity of community welfare center. 2. Developing volunteer activities for community welfare. 3. Improving the community school movement for community residents. As a result, to maximize community welfare is it necessary to integrate the Saemaul Undong with the regional development. Also what is more important, the voluntary participation of local people is urgently needed to activate the regional development through the Saemaul Undong.