체크리스트를 통한 대학생의 환경실천현황 분석

이은희,정재훈,임미정,박은정 서울여자대학교 학생생활연구소 2011 학생생활연구 Vol.24 No.-

본 연구는 서울여자대학교 대학생의 환경실천현황과 인식조사를 통해 기후변화시대에 대응하기 위한 대학에서의 환경교육 활성화와 실천의 문제점 등을 파악하기 위하여 수행되었다. 연구는 2011학년도 1학기 ‘기후변화와 녹색성장' 과목을 수강한 학생을 대상으로 설문조사를 통해 학생들의 행동양식을 분석하였다. 설문내용은 크게 응답자에 대한 일반사항, 체크리스트에 관한 설문, 그리고 기후변화와 녹색성장과 환경에 대한 사항의 3개 분야로 나누어 41개 문항으로 이루어져 시행되었다. 설문조사를 통해 강의 후 환경의 심각성에 대해 느끼는 정도와 설문대상자들의 환경을 위한 실천 활동 정도 등에 대해 분석한 결과 평소 환경에 관심을 갖고 있던 학생이 50%정도로 나타났으며, 강의 후 환경의 심각성을 느낀다고 답한 학생은 75%정도의 비율을 보여 이는 환경에 대해 큰 관심이 없던 학생들에게 대학에서의 환경교육을 통해 그 심각성을 일깨워준 것으로 나타났다. 또한 수업을 들은 학생의 대부분이 항상 또는 자주, 가끔 등 그 빈도의 차이는 있으나 환경을 위해 평소 생활에서 가능한 실천들을 행하고 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 종합해 볼 때 대학에서의 환경교육은 학생들의 환경의식 변화를 꾀하여 보다 지속가능한 삶을 위해 필요한 환경적 인재를 양성하는 것은 물론 지역사회로의 확대를 통해 사회적, 환경적 변화를 가져올 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서 확인할 수 있었던 학생들의 환경에 대한 인식을 통해 대학에서는 지속가능하며, 로하스적인 삶을 위한 교육을 더욱 확대해야함을 인지하고, 또한 이를 위해 환경에 대한 교육적 프로그램에 관한 연구가 이루어지는 것이 필요하다. 주요어:인식조사, 체크리스트, 한국대학, 환경교육 For this study, the check list for environment were written through the environment education of 'Climate change and green growth', an academic liberal arts subject which is necessary for freshmen of Seoul Women's University. And then, the study was conducted so as to vitalize the environment education of universities for responding the age of climate change based on the survey of students' recognition on environment after the class. For the study, students' behavior pattern was analyzed by the survey for students who attended the subject of ‘Climate change and green growth' during the first semester of 2011. The survey was fulfilled with 41 questionnaires whose contents are divided into 3 fields greatly. Through the survey, the degree that they feel the seriousness of environment, the degree that they conduct environment action, etc. after the class were analyzed. As the result, students who were usually interested in environment were about 50% and students who responded they felt the seriousness of environment after the class were about 75%, so it means that environment education of universities let students who were not interested greatly in environment know its seriousness. Also, most of students who attended the class put the things which are possible in daily life for environment into practice although each student had a difference of the frequency. If synthesizing the above results, environment education of universities is judged to not only cultivate environmental people which are necessary for more sustainable life by promoting the change of students' recognition on environment but also bring social and environmental changes by expanding into regional society. Through the students' recognition on environment, which could be confirmed by this study, universities must recognize that the education for sustainable and LOHAS life should be more expanded and conduct studies on the educational program for environment. Key words:Check List, Environment Education, Korean Universities, Survey of Recognition.

반응변수변환과 원래 단위로의 환원을 통한 실험자료 분석

전희주,이재창,임성수 高麗大學校統計硏究所 1993 應用統計 Vol.8 No.-

실험자료분석 등에서 자주 사용되는 선형모형은 오차항들이 독립성(independence), 등분산성(equality of variances), 정규성(normality)을 갖는다는 가정(assumption)에 바탕을 두고 있다. 그러나, 실제 상황에서는 위의 가정 중 적어도 일부가 만족되지 않는 경우가 종종 발생한다. 오차의 독립성의 가정은 실험대상 개체들이 서로 다를 때에는 그런 대로 받아들여질 수 있겠지만, 오차의 등분산성과 정규성의 가정은 실제 자료에서는 만족되지 않는 경우가 자주 있다. 이럴 때에는 흔히 반응변수의 변환--예를 들면, 분산안정화 변환(variance-stabilizing transformation) 또는 Box-Cox 변환--을 사용하여 모형을 적합시킨다. 그런데, 반응변수가 변환될 경우, 변수의 단위도 함께 변환되어 해석상의 난점이 야기될 수 있고, 설명변수가 둘 이상일 때는 설명변수들간의 교호작용(interaction)의 양상이 달라지는 문제가 발생할 수 있다. Sampson and Guttorp (1991)은 환경자료분석에서 변환된 반응변수로 모형이 적합되었을 경우, 환경에의 영향(environmental impact)을 의미하는 교호작용효과를 원 자료의 관점에서 탐지하기 위하여 원래 변수의 모평균들을 변환된 변수의 모평균들의 함수들로 표현하여 필요한 가설을 설정하고 이를 검정하는 방법을 소개하였다. 이들의 논문은 교호작용효과에 대한 검정만 다루어지고 있고, 절차 도중에 필요한 모 칸평균들(population cell means)의 추정에있어서, 불균형 자료의 경우에도 최소제곱평균들(least squares means)에 대한 언급없이, 보통의 표본 칸평균들(sample cell means)을 사용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이 방법을 실험계획모형에 있어서의 일반적인 대비(contrast)의 경우에도 적용가능하도록 확장하고, 절차상 필요한 모 칸평균의 추정에는 최소제곱평균을 사용하여 설정된 모형의 구조와 자료의 불균형 정도가 추정에 반영되도록 하였다. 방법론을 설명하고, SAS 프로그램을 곁들인 방법론의 사용 예와 모의실험결과를 소개한다. Linear models that are frequently used in analysis of experimental data have assumptions of independence, homoscedascity, and normality of errors. In real situations, however, assumptions such as equality of variances and normality are often not satisfied. When such assumptions are not met, transformations can be used in order to make assumptions more reasonable. But, transformation to resolve one problem may raise another problem. Even though statistical modeling of expermental data is often most appropriately carried out on a transformed response scale, sometimes statistical comparisons to assess main and/or interaction effects may be meaningful only in terms of the original units of measurement of the response. Sampson and Guttorp (1991) proposed a simple approximate method to test for interaction expressed on the original scale of measurment in 2 by 2 experimental designs with a model for data fitted through a power transformation on the response. We extend their method to the case of testing for a general contrast in experimental design models. Also, we suggest using least square means as estimates of population cell means, instead of ordinary sample cell means, that are needed in the procedure, when data are unbalanced. An example that demonstates how to use the suggested method is provided along with necessary SAS programs. Our method performs well on simulated data.

취업지도 활성화 방안

정재희 경주대학교 창의력개발연구소 2000 創意力開發硏究 Vol.- No.4

The purpose of this study is to take the best method of vocational education in university. By the change of surrounding environment, it is needed of technical and special education system for professionalism and vocational ethics. But, the most of korean university have not an special organization for vocational education. The special organization in charge of vocational education was proposed in this study. The integrated-vocational education center is composed of three special section which are vocational information section, consultation section and recruitment section. And the training program of vocational education for professors is needed in parallel with establishment of integrated-vocational education center.

조류와 유기화합물의 동시제거를 위한 흡착 - DAF 복합공정

이재욱,곽동희,최승필,정흥조 대한상하수도학회 2004 상하수도학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is an effective solid/liquid separation process for low density floc particles such as algal, color-alum and clay-alum flocs produced from low turbidity water. The removal of taste and odorcausing organics (2-mthylisoboneol and geosmin) originating from algae in drinking water is a local and worldwide concern. Although DAF has been effectively applied for the removal of suspended solid, its application for the treatment of dissolved organic carbon is very limited. In this study, a new hybrid system consisting of adsorption and DAF processes was introduced for the simultaneous removal of algae and taste and odorcausing organics. Powdered activated carbon (PAC) was used as an adsorbent. In this proposed system, the major concern of eliminating the spent PAC from the system was also addressed. It was found that zeta potential of algae and PAC was increased with coagulant dosage, and the removal efficiency in DAF was also enhanced up to 90-95% under the given experimental conditions. Based on this study, the hybrid process was found to be a promising technology for the simultaneous removal of algae and dissolved organic pollutants.

DAF 공정에서의 개체군수지에 의한 무기성 입자거동의 해석

곽동회,이재욱,한무영 대한상하수도학회 2003 상하수도학회지 Vol.17 No.2

The behavior of Inorganic clay particles in DAF (dissolved air flotation) process was analyzed by employing PBT (population balance in turbulence). For floc size range of 100-400㎛, the value of the initial collision-attachment efficiency was about 0.3 corresponding relatively low value. It was found that DAF process should be carefully operated, especially, in summer season when the inorganic clay particles are much introduced into water source due to heavy rainwater in Korea.

Streptomyces thermocyaneoviolaceus의 Xylanase 생산조건 및 Xylooligo당의 생산

주길재,박희동,최준호,이인구,이오석,권달호 慶北大學校農業科學技術硏究所 1998 慶北大農學誌 Vol.16 No.-

농산폐자원으로부터 기능성물질인 xylooligo당을 생산하기 위해서 내열성 균주인 S.thermocyaneoviolaceus가 생산하는 xylanase의 생산최적조건을 검토한 결과 0.8% 밀기울, 0.06% yeast extract, 0.06% bactopeptone, 0.05% MgSO₄·7H₂O, 0.005% FeSO₄·7H₂O, 0.05% KH₂PO₄및 0.2% K₂HPO₄를 함유한 배지(pH7.0)에서 50℃, 24시간 배양시 최고효소활성(2.47 unit/ml)의 배양상징액을 얻을 수 있었다. 효소의 최적반응조건은 pH5.5, 65℃였다. 또한 pH안정성을 조사한 결과 pH4.5∼9.5사이에서 4℃에서 12시간후에도 80% 이상의 효소활성을 유지하였고, 열 안정성은 60℃에서 1시간 처리후 94%이상의 효소활성을 유지하는 내열성이 있는 효소였다. 생산된 xylanase birchwood xylan 반응생성물을 TLC 및 HPLC로 확인해 본 결과, pH가 낮을수록(pH 5.0∼6.0) xylobiose와 xylotriose및 소량의 xylose의 양이 증가하였고, pH가 높을수록 (pH8.0∼9.0) X₄이상의 각종 xylooligo당의 양이 상대적으로 증가하였다. 또한 24 시간후에는 xylan의 상대량이 25% 이하로 감소하면서 주분해산물로 xylobiose가 생산되었으며 xylotriose와 xylose 및 X₄이상의 각종 xylooligo당이 생산되었다. A thermotolerant bacterium, Streptomyces thermocyaneoviolaceus which produced xylan-degrading enzymes, utilized excellently xylan of wheat bran by producing the enzymes in comparison with that of birchwood or oat spelts. Optimal enzyme production was achieved in WB medium containing 0.8% wheat bran, 0.06% yeast extract, 0.06% bactopeptone, 0.05% MgSO₄·7H₂O, 0.05% FeSO₄·7H₂O, 0.05% KH₂PO₄ and, 0.2% K₂HPO₄(pH 7.0) at 50℃ for 24 hrs. The optimal pH and temperature for the hydrolysis of xylan were pH 5.5 and 65℃, respectively. The enzyme activity was retained more than 80% at the range from pH 4.5 to pH 9.5 at 4℃ for 12 hrs and 94% on the heat-treatment at 65℃ for 1 hr. Xylobiose, xylotriose, xylose, and other xylooligosaccharides were produced as end products from hydrolysis of birchwood xylan by the xylanase of S. thermocyaneoviolceus.

반응표면분석에 의한 방선균 Streptomyces chibaensis J-59 포도당 이성화효소의 생산 최적화

주길재,박희동 慶北大學校農業科學技術硏究所 1996 慶北大農學誌 Vol.14 No.-

Jar fermentor 배양에서 S. chibaensis J-59로부터 포도당 이성화효소의 최적 생산조건을 확립하기 위하여 반응표면분석을 이용하였다. 실험계획은 중심계획합성법을 이용하였고, 3가지 실험요인으로는 공기주입량(vvm), 교반속도(rpm), 포도당의 농도(%)로 선별하였다. 요인실험의 결과로 회귀계수를 산출한 후 반응표면 회귀식을 구하였다. 효소 생산량의 변화에 대한 회귀식의 결정계수(R2)는 0.9776이였고, 분산분석의 F-ratio가 12.487이었으며, 이때 유의성(Prob>F)은 5% 이내로 인정되었다. 능선분석 결과, 효소생산 최대값은 공기주입량 2.227vvm, 교반속도 587.5rpm, glucose 농도 0.586%로 나타났으며 이때 반응표면 회귀식에 의해 추정하는 예상 효소활성은 7.67단위로 나타났다. Jar fermentor 배양에서의 최적화 회귀식에 따라 1% birchwood xylan, 1.5% CSL 0.1% MgSO₄·7H₂O, 0.012% CoCl₂·6H₂O, (pH 7.0)로 구성된 배지에 초기 pH를 7.0으로 조정하여 배양 종료까지 7.0을 유지하면서 공기주입량을 2.2vvm, 교반속도를 580rpm, glucose 농도를 0.586%로 하여 30℃에서 42시간 배양하였을 때 실제효소생산량은 7.43단위로 상기 분석법에서 예상한 효소 생산량의 97%에 달하였고, 플라스크배양의 효소생산량(2.78GIU/㎖)보다 약 2.7배 가량 효소생산이 증가되었다. Using response surface methodology(RSM), the various conditions(agitation speed, air flow. glucose concentration) in jar fermentor culture were investigated to find the optimum conditions for maximum enzyme production. Central-composite-design was used to control the variable constant in the experiment. The glucose isomerase production of Steptomyces chibaensis J-59 was mostly affected by the air flow rate and glucose concentration. The estimated optimum conditions were as follows: 1% birchwood xylan, 1.5% CSL, 0.1% MgSO₄·7H₂O, 0.012% CoCl₂·6H₂O, pH7.0; air flow, 2,2vvm; agitation speed, 587rpm; glucose concentration, 0.586%. Experimental values(7.43GIU/㎖) for the enzyme production obtained from the given optimum conditions had a almost resemblane to response values(7.67GIU/㎖) predicted by the RSM. The jar fermentor culture by the RSM produced xylose isomerase about 2.7 times as much as the baffled flask culture.

DAF 공정에서 분말활성탄의 흡착 특성

이재욱,정흥조,곽동희 대한상하수도학회 2002 상하수도학회지 Vol.16 No.5

Adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of phenol on powdered activated carbons were investigated in a finite batch adsorber. Single-species adsorption equilibrium data from an aqueous solution were fitted by three single-species isotherms with two and three parameters such as Langmuir, Freundlich, and Sips equations. Intraparticle diffusion was assumed to be the surface diffusion mechanism and the effective diffusion coefficient was determined by comparing experimental and predicted concentration histories in a finite batch adsorber. The applicability of powdered activated carbon in DAF (dissolved air flotation) process can be observed for the simultaneous removal of organic materials and suspended solids.

하폐수중의 아닐린의 생물학적 분해를 위한 Pseudomonas속 균주 MIDR-79의 분리 및 특성

이재완,이동희,방병호 한국상하수도학회 1989 한국상하수도학회지 Vol.2 No.1

A bacterium, MIDR-79. was isolated from river bed which utilizes aniline as sole source of carbon and nitrogen. It was identified as Pseudomonas species. Optimal temperature and pH for the biodegradation of aniline was 30℃ and pH6~8, respectively. The microorganism grew well and degraded aniline completely in the range of 10 to 35mM of aniline, but substrate inhibition was observed at the concentration of 40mM aniline. The enzyme system involved in aniline biodegradation was repressed by the readily utilizable carbohydrates and nitrite. Ammonia was released from aniline with resting cells and accumulated in the reaction mixtue. And aromatic compounds besides aniline such as phenol, catechol and resorcinol were assimilated by the microorganism.

주거공간유형과 가사작업 행위시간 차이 조사연구

최지희,김재경 慶星大學校 1993 論文集 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the possibility that the difference of actual housework time is induced form visible housing space type(the mode of arrange connection among rooms).In case this paper can show the time variation of the behavior between architectural space types and space occupant, its cause would make the level of accessibility, that is, the connected disposition. A Period of survey was 1990. 4.21-30, a subject number lies in 53 in A type(total floor space 90.43m²),48 in B type(71.42m²). This paper assorts A type into DK mode and B type into LDK mode. The index T of life time structure difference and student's t-test is used as analysis method. This paper is concluded as follows: First, the accessibility matrix on room disposition is requisite to the basic step of housing space planning as post-occupancy evaluation. And so organic space connection and effective disposition among roomraums enhance architectural function. Second, the formal variation of housing space mode results in housework time difference within those space mode acted upon behavioral efficiency. {In this study, the behavior time in kitchen work, sweeping, washing, discourse, and discipline children has T (the index of total time structure difference)=33.8, and this paper shows significant level in washing, discourse(p>0.05)}.