On Form-function Mismatch Puzzles in Fragments

Hee-Don Ahn(안희돈),Sungeun Cho(조성은) 담화·인지언어학회 2006 담화와 인지 Vol.13 No.1

Fragmentary utterances refer to short answers smaller than grammatically complete sentence. Interestingly, the fragments convey the same propositional content that their full sentential counterparts do and have assertoric force. To capture this form-function mismatch, two types of analyses have been made so far: direct interpretation analyses and ellipsis analyses. The former assumes that fragments don't have hidden sentential structure and consist of non-sentential XPs. Hence, the expository burden from form-function mismatch is placed on syntax-semantics. The latter assumes that fragments have full sentential structure prior to ellipsis. Hence, compared with direct interpretation analyses, less simple syntactic structure is assumed. The ellipsis analyses have a crucial advantage such as preservation of usual syntax-semantic mapping: uniform factors in interpretation must stem from uniform syntactic source. This paper aims to show that the ellipsis analyses are more plausible in explaining grammatical properties of fragments. We claim that ellipsis approach is superior to alternatives in explaining both case-marked and non-case-marked fragments in Korean. Diverse evidence from case-matching, scope, P-stranding is presented to confirm our analysis.

한국어 수용성판단 자료의 학술지간 비교 : ‘생성문법연구’와 ‘국어학’을 중심으로

안희돈(Ahn, Hee-Don),조용준(Cho, Yongjoon) 한국생성문법학회 2021 생성문법연구 Vol.31 No.2

The reliability of linguists’ introspective judgments of sentence acceptability has often been called into question. In this study we compare the large-scale replication studies conducted for published acceptability judgments given in the journals Linguistic Inquiry (Sprous et al. 2013), Studies in Generative Grammar (Cho et al. 2019) and Kwukehak ‘Korean Linguistics’. We make two observations about these replication studies. First, we note that English acceptability judgments in Linguistic Inquiry may be more reliable than Korean judgments in the other two journals. Secondly, the convergence rates between informal and formal judgment tasks in the journal Kwukehak are higher than those in the Studies in Generative Grammar, although both journals display significantly lower convergence rates than the Linguistic Inquiry. Our results may suggest that the peer review of Korean judgments in these journals may be insufficient or other factors may be involved.

모국어 화자와 외국인 학습자의 한국어 접사형태 처리 : 점화실험을 중심으로

안희돈(Ahn Hee Don),임인재(Lim In jae),전문기(Jean Moon gee),한정임(Han Jeong Im),황종배(Hwang Jong Bai),홍우평(Hong U pyong) 건국대학교 통일인문학연구단 2009 통일인문학 Vol.48 No.-

본 논문의 목적은 한국어의 조사와 어미에 대하여 모국어(L1) 화자와 제2언어(L2) 학습자가 이 두 문법적 범주를 어떻게 표상, 처리(processing)하는지 고찰하려는데 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 전통적으로 심리언어학 분야에서 많이 사용해 왔던 점화효과(priming effect)를 측정하는 반응시간(reaction time)을 활용한 실험 방법을 고찰하고 이러한 점화효과 실험에 관한 아이디어를 제공하는데 있다. 본 논문에서는 최근 언어인지 실험에서 광범위하게 사용되고 있는 두 가지 방법, 즉 감각영역의 통합적 점화(cross-modal priming)와 차폐 점화(masked priming) 방법을 고찰한다. 이러한 이론적, 학문적 목적 외에 본 논문은 다양한 언어권의 L2 학습자들이 한국어 형태습득(morphological acquisition)을 함에 있어서 모국어가 어떠한 영향을 끼칠수 있는지, 조사와 선어말 및 어말 어미와 관련된 중간언어(interlanguage)는 어떠한 특질을 가질수 있는지 등의 외국어 습득과 관련된 근본적인 문제를 고찰하고 더 나아가 이들 범주에 대한 효과적인 한국어 교수법을 개발하기 위한 자료를 구축하는데 적용되는 시사점을 제공해 주는데 있다. The role that morphology can play in the human language processing system has been an important research topic in the cognitive psychology of language during the last years. Much psycholinguistic research has been devoted to the question of whether or not morphologically structured representations are utilized when processing inflected ([kiss]-ed) or derived (un-[happy]) words in real time. In this article, we plan to examine the issues specifically related to inflectional (nominal and verbal) morphology of Korean and its role with respect to L1 and L2 processing. A series of diverse priming experiments will be proposed to show to what extent morphologically complex words in Korean are lexically represented in L1 and L2 speakers in terms of their morphological structure.

갈바 황제 원수정의 성격

안희돈 ( Hee Don Ahn ) 한국서양사학회 2006 西洋史論 Vol.0 No.89

새로운 역사 교과서 구성방안 : 고대 로마사 학습의 경우

安熙惇(Ahn Hee-Don) 역사교육연구회 2001 歷史敎育 Vol.79 No.-

In order to promote students" activity in learning history, and to help them understand history correctly, a new historical textbook should be composed. It has not only to contain essential historical facts for students, also to guide them to participate actively in the learning in classroom. To promote students" activity in learning history in classroom, it is necessary to make them to experience the course in which historians investigate history. Though in lower level, it will make the students to experience the same kind of studying as the historians", and help them to understand history properly. There are two main difficulties, that obstacle students" participation in learning history. The one is that they can not raise questions which will lead the studying in the whole course and the other is that they can not treat the primary sources and evidences correctly. In order to solve these problems, I proposed in this article that the new historical textbook should be prepared with new instructional objectives and new program for studying with evidence studying. The new instructional objectives must comprise not only the historical understanding, that is, the contents in the section students should learn, but also historical thinking skills with which the students understand the contents historically. These new instructive objectives will help the students to read the textbook actively. In the new program for evidence studying, the evidences must be accompanied with detailed and kind guidance for students" treatment of them. With the help of the guidance, the students will be able to treat the evidences with the historical thinking skills.

고대 로마 교육에서 학생 체벌의 문제

安熙惇(Ahn Hee-Don) 歷史敎育硏究會 2010 역사교육 Vol.115 No.-

Corporal punishment was generally recognized as a necessity for children’s education in the ancient western world. This attitude was based on their view of education. They thought that the object of education was to hand down the hereditary intellectual traditions to next generation and that strict ‘gymnastic of mind’ was necessary for that. They were not considerate of children’s psychology or educational effectiveness. They thought that children were irrational and that in order to instruct them effectively, they should use strict punishment, not rational discourse. But in reality teacher’s corporal punishment was restricted for several reasons. During the Roman Empire, public education which central or municipal governments would have supervised was not established and free paying system for teachers prevailed over public appointments of teachers which some municipal governments administered. Teachers competed with each other for securing of pupils. Their social and economical positions, therefore, grew worse in the later Roman empire. From the level of grammar education, especially in rhetoric education, the pupils were almost from aristocratic families unlike the pupils of elementary schools. The parents of aristocratic families wanted their children to be treated with dignity in the classroom as honorable citizen in the future. In such a social environment teachers could not have punished their pupils according to their educational convictions.

티베리우스 황제 집권 초기 왕조 지배 이념 강조의 정치적 배경

安熙惇(Ahn Hee-Don) 역사교육연구회 2008 역사교육 Vol.108 No.-

Tiberius ascended the throne after suffering political dissension which had taken place in imperial family during later period of Augustus' reign. The Political opposition lasted during Tiberius' reign. In addition, the unstability of emperor' constitutional position made the political situation worse. Therefore Tiberius treated the Senate with modesty, which was the supreme institution in the political tradition of Roman republic. He tried to stabilize his political position in two ways. First, he emphasized the fact that he was the proper heir of Augustus, by which he intended to make up for his weak point that he was not a member of Julius gens. Second, he emphasized the principle that the Roman empire should be reigned by a dynasty and tried to display the union of royal family in public. The early period of emperor Tiberius' reign was a period of transition when on the one hand political conflicts among the major members of royal family went on and on the other they advertised the union of the major members of royal family in order to establish the ideology of ruling by a dynasty.

네로 황제 집권 전반기 궁중 권력 투쟁

안희돈 ( Hee Don Ahn ) 한국서양고대역사문화학회 2007 서양고대사연구 Vol.21 No.-

The purpose of this article is to explore the struggle for supremacy which took place in the emperor Nero`s court during his early reign. Some scholars have thought that during his early reign Nero had no real power in politics and Seneca and Burrus who were his advisers led the government. But the emperor Nero took the reins of government during the first half period, which can be proved by the fact that he took the struggle for supremacy with his mother Agrippina who had made him the emperor and exercised powerful influence over him, and eventually seized real power instead of her. In conclusions, I make three assertions which would make it possible to appraise the emperor Nero in politics correctly. First, the person who played the leading part in the struggle for supremacy were the emperor Nero and his mother Agrippina, not Seneca and Burrus. They were merely his advisers and assistants in the struggle. Second, Seneca and Burrus assisted Nero and were involved in the crimes the emperor committed in the struggle. Especially Seneca did not act so gently in politics as he wrote in his books about morality. Third, if we divide the period of the emperor Nero`s reign into two parts, we should choose as the turning point the year 59 when Agrippina was removed, not the year 62 when Burrus was dead and Seneca retired from the court politics, for, when she was removed, there was no one who can check Nero and he seized absolute political power at that time.

‘로마 문화 혁명’의 지적 배경: 로마 공화정 후기 상고학자의 역할을 중심으로

안희돈 ( Ahn Hee-don ) 한국서양고대역사문화학회 ( 구 한국서양고대사학회 ) 2015 서양고대사연구 Vol.43 No.-

로마사 연구에서 최근 제기되고 있는 ‘로마 문화 혁명’론은, 지식과 권력의 복합적이고 상보적인 관계를 지적하는 인문학계의 연구 성과를 기반으로 하고 있다. 이 주장을 펼치는 학자들은 로마 공화정 말기와 제정 초기 로마인들의 ‘모레스’가 재정립되는 과정이 정치변화와 긴밀하고 복합적인 관계에 있다고 주장한다. 로마 사회에서 ‘조상들의 모레스’는 지배 집단의 정당성을 확보하는데 핵심적인 역할을 하였다. 따라서 공화정 후기 ‘모레스’의 쇠퇴에 대한 공격은 단순히 도덕론상의 문제 제기가 아니라 기존 노빌레스 지배층의 권위를 뒤흔드는 중대한 정치적 도전이었다. 본고에서는 아우구스투스의 ‘로마 문화 혁명’이 어떠한 지적 맥락에서 등장하였는지를 이해하기 위한 한 시도로서 로마 공화정 후기 상고학의 성격 및 그 역할에 대하여 살펴보았다. ‘로마 문화 혁명’의 배경으로 상고학을 거론하는 것 역시 상고학에 대한 기존의 일반적인 평가에 비추어 볼 때 도발적인 접근법이다. 그러나 이러한 새로운 시각은 ‘로마 문화 혁명’의 역사적 맥락을 조망하는데 도움을 줄 뿐 만 아니라 공화정 후기 상고학의 능동적 역할을 부각시켜준다는 점에서 지식과 권력의 상관관계를 잘 보여주는 한 실례라고 생각할 수 있다. 로마 공화정 후기 그리스인에게서 도입된 로마의 상고학은 단순히 품격있는 여가를 보내기 위한 호고적인 취향의 학풍에 머물지 않았다. ‘모레스’의 타락과 방기라는 위기 의식 속에서 신지식으로 무장한 엘리트 집단인 상고학자들은 로마의 ‘조상들의 모레스’를 되살려야 한다는 책임감을 가지고 ‘모레스’의 핵심이라고 할 수 있는 로마의 국가 종교를 되살리고자 노력하였다. 그것은 ‘모레스’의 수호자를 자임하던 구지배층인 노빌레스의 도덕적 정치적 권위를 무너뜨리는 구실을 하였으며, 아우구스투스의 ‘로마문화혁명’은 이러한 배경 하에서 등장할 수 있었다. The theory of the ‘Roman Cultural Revolution’ is based on recent researches in humanities that emphasized the complex and reciprocal relations between power and knowledge. During the Roman republic, ‘mos maiorum’ was the essential foundation on which the ruling elites relied in order to carry out their social and political roles. We, therefore, have to regard the attacks of moral decay made on the nobiles in the late Roman republic, not only as moral ones, but also political. In this paper, I examined the features and roles of Roman antiquarianism in the late Roman republic in order to understand the intellectual background against which Augustus’ ‘Cultural Revolution’ could be carried out. The Roman antiquarianism of the late republic was not just an elegant way of enjoying leisure time. Varro was an exemplary scholar of antiquarianism. After the collapse of the first triumvirate, he supported Caesar. He wrote his most representative work, ‘Antiquitates rerum humanarum et divinarum’ and dedicated it to Caesar, who was probably planning the reformation of the Roman religion. In the work, he asserted that he was re-establishing the ‘mos maiorum’ which had been neglected by the nobiles and forgotten. Varro’s assertion could be utilized as a useful weapon for the reformers who wanted to establish a new social and political order without being hindered by ‘mos maiorum’ of the nobiles. Augustus’ ‘Roman Cultural Revolution’ could appear and succeed against this intellectual background.

한국어 어미와 선어말어미의 형태론적 처리

안희돈(Hee Don Ahn),안덕호(Duk Ho An),최정연(Jung Yun Choi),황종배(Jong Bai Hwang),김지현(Ji Hyon Kim),전문기(Moon Gee Jeon) 언어과학회 2011 언어과학연구 Vol.59 No.-

This study investigates how morphologically complex verbs in Korean are processed in the mental lexicon through two priming experiments: In Experiment 1, a visual priming task with SOA of 160ms was applied, while in Experiment 2 a masked priming task with SOA of 40ms was used. Both Experiments examined whether final endings and pre-final endings of Korean verbs were decomposed or processed as a whole. The findings of both experiments showed that priming occurred for morphologically-related conditions; namely, for the final endings and pre-final endings. In these two experiments, however, priming did not occur for the phonologically-related and semantically-related conditions. These results suggest that Korean verbs with final and pre-final endings are decomposed into root, pre-final ending, and final ending in the mental lexicon, thereby supporting the Decomposition Model. (Monkuk University)