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Ha, Jong-Won,Oh, Jae K.,Schaff, Hartzell V.,Ling, Lieng H.,Higano, Stuart T.,Mahoney, Doug W.,Nishimura, Rick A. Elsevier 2008 Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery Vol.136 No.5
<P><B>Objective</B></P><P>Most patients with constrictive pericarditis have normal measures of left ventricular function when assessed by the ejection phase index of ejection fraction, yet there is a wide spectrum of outcome after pericardiectomy. We hypothesized that parameters of non-ejection indexes of cardiac function (+dP/dt and tau) may predict postoperative prognosis.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>The immediate and long-term outcomes of pericardiectomy were analyzed in 40 patients (30 male, mean age 62 years) with surgically confirmed constrictive pericarditis who underwent preoperative cardiac catheterization using high-fidelity micromanometer pressures. Left ventricular pressures were digitized at 5-msec intervals during end expiration, from which peak positive dp/dt and tau measurements were obtained. Patients were classified into 3 groups: Group 1 (n = 13) included those with abnormal +dP/dt and tau (defined as +dP/dt < 1200 mm Hg/s, tau > 50 msec); group 2 (n = 11) included those with either abnormal +dP/dt or tau; and group 3 (n = 16) included those with normal +dP/dt and tau.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>There were no significant differences of gender, New York Heart Association class, duration of symptoms, and underlying cause among the 3 groups. Group 1 patients had lower preoperative ejection fraction and higher left and right ventricular end-diastolic pressures. Postoperative inotropic support was more frequently needed in group 1, and postoperative mortality was higher in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3. All postoperative deaths but 1 were in group 1. The median postoperative follow-up was 2.4 years. The postoperative long-term survival of group 1 was significantly lower compared with that of groups 2 and 3.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>In patients with constrictive pericarditis undergoing pericardiectomy, those with abnormal left ventricular contractility and relaxation properties assessed by cardiac catheterization before surgery incur higher operative mortality and poor long-term outcome after surgery.</P>
Synergistic Phytochemicals Fail to Protect Against Ovariectomy Induced Bone Loss in Rats
Suresh Ambati,Colette N. Miller,Erica F. Bass,Natalie M. Hohos,Diane L. Hartzell,Emily W. Kelso,Emily R. Trunnell,양정예,Mary Anne Della-Fera,Clifton A. Baile,Srujana Rayalam 한국식품영양과학회 2018 Journal of medicinal food Vol.21 No.10
Menopause induces a loss of bone as a result of estrogen deficiency. Despite pharmaceutical options for the treatment of osteopenia and osteoporosis, many aging women use dietary supplements with estrogenic activity to prevent bone loss and other menopausal-related symptoms. Such supplements are yet to be tested for efficacy against a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medication for menopausal bone loss such as zoledronic acid (ZA). The postmenopausal rat model was used to investigate the efficacy of various synergistic phytochemical blends mixed into the diet for 16 weeks. Retired-breeder, Fischer 344 rats were randomly assigned to sham or ovariectomy surgery and 4 treatment groups: ZA; genistein supplementation; and a low dose and high dose blend of genistein, resveratrol, and quercetin. Ovariectomy resulted in a loss of both trabecular and cortical bone which was prevented with ZA. The phytochemical blends tested were unable to reverse these losses. Despite the lack of effectiveness in preventing bone loss, a significant dose–response trend was observed in the phytochemical-rich diets in bone adipocyte number compared to ovariectomized control rats. Data from this study indicate that estrogenic phytochemicals are not as efficacious as ZA in preventing menopausal-related bone loss but may have beneficial effects on bone marrow adiposity in rats.
Preventing Bone Loss and Weight Gain with Combinations of Vitamin D and Phytochemicals
Ching-Yi Lai,Jeong-Yeh Yang,Srujana Rayalam,Mary Anne Della-Fera,Suresh Ambati,Richard D. Lewis,Mark W. Hamrick,Diane L. Hartzell,Clifton A. Baile 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.11
Vitamin D and certain natural compounds have been shown to regulate both lipid metabolism and bone formation. Treatments that prevent or reverse age-related increase in bone marrow adiposity could both increase new bone formation and inhibit bone destruction. We tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with combinations of vitamin D and phytochemicals inhibits bone loss and decreases adiposity to a greater extent than control or vitamin D–alone diets. Aged ovariectomized female rats (12 months old, n=50, initial body weight=240 g) were given control (AIN-93M diet), vitamin D (2,400 IU/kg), or vitamin D plus resveratrol (16, 80, or 400 mg/kg of diet [low, medium, and high dose, respectively]), quercetin (80, 400, or 2,000 mg/kg of diet), and genistein (64, 256, or 1,040 mg/kg of diet) for 8 weeks. The high-dose treatment (vitamin D+400 mg/kg resveratrol+2,000 mg/kg quercetin+1,040 mg/kg genistein) reduced body weight gain (P<.05) and the fat pad weights (P<.05). This treatment also increased the serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (P<.05) and the bone mineral content of the femur. Micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric analyses indicated that the high-dose treatment prevented loss of trabecular bone (P<.05) and reduced marrow adipocytes (P<.001) and osteoclasts (P<.05) compared with the control and vitamin D alone (P<.05). We conclude that aged ovariectomized female rats supplemented with vitamin D combined with genistein, quercetin, and resveratrol had improved bone mineral density and reduced body weight gain and a significant decrease in bone marrow adipocytes. The synergistic effects of a combination of phytochemicals with vitamin D may be effective in reducing bone loss and weight gain after menopause.
Two helices in the third intracellular loop determine anoctamin 1 (TMEM16A) activation by calcium
Lee, Jesun,Jung, Jooyoung,Tak, Min Ho,Wee, Jungwon,Lee, Byeongjoon,Jang, Yongwoo,Chun, Hyeyeon,Yang, Dong-Jin,Yang, Young Duk,Park, Sang Ho,Han, Byung Woo,Hyun, Soonsil,Yu, Jaehoon,Cho, Hawon,Hartzell Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2015 Pfl ugers Arch Vol.467 No.8
<P>Anoctamin 1 (ANO1)/TMEM16A is a Cl<SUP>−</SUP> channel activated by intracellular Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> mediating numerous physiological functions. However, little is known of the ANO1 activation mechanism by Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>. Here, we demonstrate that two helices, “reference” and “Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> sensor” helices in the third intracellular loop face each other with opposite charges. The two helices interact directly in a Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>-dependent manner. Positively and negatively charged residues in the two helices are essential for Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>-dependent activation because neutralization of these charges change the Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> sensitivity. We now predict that the Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> sensor helix attaches to the reference helix in the resting state, and as intracellular Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> rises, Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> acts on the sensor helix, which repels it from the reference helix. This Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>-dependent push-pull conformational change would be a key electromechanical movement for gating the ANO1 channel. Because chemical activation of ANO1 is viewed as an alternative means of rescuing cystic fibrosis, understanding its gating mechanism would be useful in developing novel treatments for cystic fibrosis.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00424-014-1603-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>