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Haran Iyer K . R . P .,R . B . Subramanian,J . A . Inamdar 한국식물학회 1989 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.32 No.2
Luffa acutanqula var. amara exhibits floral and extrafloral nectaries. The floral nectaries are restricted to the torus of the male flowers, while the extrafloral nectaries are observed on foliage leaves, probract, outer surface of calyx and pedicels. The floral nectaries develop from a group of epidermal and sub-epidermal initials which differentiate into secretory and subsecretory zones respectively during further divisions. The extrafloral nectary initiates from a single papillate nectary initial which gives rise to mature nectary comprising stalk layer, secretory and subsecretory tissues. Both the floral and extrafloral nectaries are vascularized. Interactions between insect-visitors and the plant with special reference to their functions are also discussed.
Ukrainian-Russian Conflict and Its Implications for Northeast Asia
Olexiy Haran 통일연구원 2015 International journal of korean unification studie Vol.24 No.3
In 2014, the crisis over Ukraine became the most serious European crisis since the end of the Cold War. Russia’s intervention in Crimea and Donbas was open violation of security assurances given by great powers to denuclearized Ukraine. It undermined credibility of great powers and created dangerous precedents for South Korea, Japan, and other U.S. allies in Asia. It increased tension in East and South China Seas as well as in the Korean Peninsula, making Pyongyang rely more on nuclear weapons. Trying to avoid Western sanctions and isolation, Russia moved closer to China. But this rapprochement and opening of Asian markets to Russia have limitations due to security concerns of U.S. allies and present sanctions. Annexation of Crimea and Russia’s drift to China increase the role of U.S. commitment to its allies. Western sectoral sanctions should be preserved until Minsk-2 agreement is fulfilled and Russian regular troops and “volunteers” leave Ukraine.
반도체 플라즈마 증착공정장비에서의 효율적인 장비 운영 알고리즘에 관한 연구
박유진(YouJin Park),황하란(HaRan Hwang) 한국생산관리학회 2013 한국생산관리학회지 Vol.24 No.1
Recently, implementation of full automation in semiconductor manufacturing system almost precludes workers from intervening in fabrication processes because the environment of semiconductor manufacturing is rapidly evolving. Generally, various problems such as bottleneck and delay of transfer frequently occur unless the proper operation and control of the equipment is done because semiconductor products are highly dependent on the performance of the manufacturing equipment. Thus, it is very important to manage manufacturing equipment effectively and improve or develop useful operation methods continuously since these problems have a hugh impact on not only semiconductor throughput but manufacturing cost. In this study, in order to enhance throughput of cluster tool-type plasma deposition equipment, we propose three heuristic algorithms which find optimal operation condition with reflecting the mechanical and operational characteristics of the plasma deposition equipment as well as restrictions on operations or processes. It is shown that, out of three heuristic algorithms proposed, the genetic algorithm provides the most favorable equipment operation condition which minimize the cycle time compared to the other algorithms. Also, the algorithms developed in this study can be used as a very critical module of equipment scheduler for the nextgeneration wafer production system. 현재 반도체 제조환경이 다양한 형태로 신속하게 진화됨에 따라 공정의 완전자동화가 이루어짐으로 인해 작업자가 공정에 개입하는 것이 불필요해지고 있다. 일반적으로 생산 장비의 성능에 의존적인 반도체 제품 생산기업에서는 병목현상이나 반송시간 지연 등과 같은 여러 문제들을 효과적으로 해결하기 위한 다양한 운영․관리방법들을 개발하여 적용하고 있다. 특히 이러한 문제들은 반도체 라인의 생산성에 매우 큰 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 제조비용을 막대하게 증가시키므로 장비를 효율적으로 운영․관리하고 꾸준히 개선하는 활동은 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 대표적인 클러스터 툴 형태의 반도체 공정장비인 플라즈마 증착공정장비의 기계적 특성과 운영 또는 공정상의 제약들을 반영하여 생산성을 향상시키기 위한 세 가지 운영 알고리즘을 제시하고 이들의 성능을 평가하고자 한다. 본 연구에서 제시된 세 가지 운영 알고리즘 중에서, 유전자 알고리즘이 클러스터 툴 형태의 플라즈마 증착공정장비의 생산 사이클 타임 최소화 측면에서 가장 우수한 성능을 보여줌을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 효율적인 운영 알고리즘은 차세대 450mm 반도체 웨이퍼 생산시스템의 장비 스케줄러 운영 모듈로써 사용될 수 있다.
Ozel-Kizil ET,Sakarya AL,Arica B,Haran S 대한신경과학회 2013 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.9 No.2
Background Pathological gambling (PG), which is characterized by consistent, repetitive gambling and unsuccessful quitting attempts, is classified as an impulse control disorder. PG has also been reported in patients with Parkinson’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Case Report A 53-year-old male visited the outpatient clinic due to excessive gambling and personality changes. Based on electrophysiological findings and neuropsychiatric assessment,he was diagnosed as frontotemporal dementia-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Conclusions This case report underlines that PG can also be seen in patients with neurological disorders involving the orbitofrontal cortex.
정하란,윤보현,시영화,송제헌,박수희,구본기,김경민,남석현,Jung, Haran,Yoon, Bo-Hyun,Sea, Young-Hwa,Song, Je-Heon,Park, Suhee,Koo, Bonki,Kim, Kyung-Min,Nam, Seok-Hyun 한국정신신체의학회 2014 정신신체의학 Vol.22 No.2
연구목적 이 연구의 목적은 양극성 장애로 진단받은 정신과 외래 환자에서 야간 식이습관의 임상적 특성을 조사하는데 있다. 방 법 정신건강의학과 외래를 방문한 84명의 양극성 장애 환자를 대상으로 14개 항목의 야간 식이증후군 설문지(NEQ)를 자가 보고로 실시하였다. 이들의 인구학적, 임상적 특성을 조사하고 신체 질량 지수(BMI), 주관석 기분과 수면, 폭식과 체중에 관련된 삶의 질에 대한 평가를 Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Binge Eating Scale(BES), Korean version of Obesity-related Quality of Life scale(KOQoL), Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) 등을 포함한 설문을 통해 얻었다. 결 과 양극성 장애 외래 환자 중 야간 식이증후군의 유병률은 14.3%(84명 중 12명)이었다. NES와 Non-NES군 사이에서는 경제적 상태와 동반되는 내과 질환을 제외한 성별, 나이, 교육 년 수, 결혼 및 직업 상태, 흡연, 음주 등의 인구사회학적 특성에서 양군간에 유의한 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 하지만, Non-NES 군에 비해 NES군에서 폭식이 많았고 비만으로 인한 삶의 질 저하가 나타났다. 결 론 이번 연구는 야간식이를 보이는 양극성 장애 외래환자의 임상적 특성을 처음으로 기술하였다. 비록 양극성 장애 외래 환자의NES군에서 뚜렷한 상관 관계를 보이는 특성이 많지는 않았지만, 상대적으로 NES 유병률이 높은 것으로 볼 때 임상에서 양극성 장애 환자 평가 시 비만 여부에 관계 없이 NES를 염두에 두어야 할 것이다. Objectives : The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics of night eating syndrome(NES) in bipolar disorder outpatients. Methods : The 14 items of self-reported night eating questionnaire(NEQ) was administered to 84 bipolar patients in psychiatric outpatient clinic. We examined demographic and clinical characteristics, body mass index(BMI), subjective measures of mood, sleep, binge eating & weight-related quality of life using Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI), Binge Eating Scale(BES) and Korean version of Obesity-Related Quality of Life Scale(KOQoL), respectively. Results : The prevalence of night eating syndrome in bipolar outpatients was 14.3%(12 of 84). Comparisons between NES group and non-NES group revealed no significant differences in demographic characteristics, BMI and clinical status except economic status and comorbid medical illnesses. However, compared to non-NES, patients with NES was more likely to have binge eating pattern and poorer weight-related quality of life. Conclusions : This study is to be the first to describe the clinical correlates of night eaters in bipolar outpatients. Although there were few significant correlates of NES in bipolar outpatients, relatively high prevalence of NES suggest that clinicians should be aware to assess the patients with bipolar disorder on NES, regardless of obesity status of patients.