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산술 부호화와 연성워터마킹 방법을 이용한 영상조작 검지기법
朴成日,韓丞洙 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2005 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.24 No.-
In this paper, a new fragile watermarking algorithm for digital images is proposed. It makes possible to resolve the security and forgery problem of the digital images. The most suitable watermarking method that verifies the authentication and integrity of the digital image is the Wong's method, which invokes the hash function (MD5). The algorithm is safe because this method uses the hash function of the cryptology. The operations such as modulus, complement, shift, bitwise exclusive-or, bitwise inclusive-or are necessary for calculating the value of hash function. But, in this paper, an Arithmetic coding method, which only includes the multiplication operation, is adopted. This technique prints out accumulative probability interval that is obtained by multiplying the input symbol probability interval. In this paper, the initial probability interval is determined according to the value of the key, and the input sequence of the symbols is adjusted according to the key value so that the accumulative probability interval will depend on the key value. The integrity of the algorithm can be verified by an experiment. The PSNR is above the 51.13db and the verifying time is 1/3~1/4 of the verifying time of the hash function (MD5), So, it can be used in the real-time system.
이승란,김도한,나영수,이창한,박영식,윤태경,송승구 한국환경과학회 2002 한국환경과학회지 Vol.11 No.3
The lab-scale anaerobic continuous reactor which was filled with the sludge of anaerobic digestion from Suyoung wastewater treatment plant was operated by feeding of various concentrations and flow rates. This experiment indicated that more than 6,870 ㎎COD/L of substrate concentration was required to promote good metabolism and growth of anaerobic biomass. And increasing loading rate slowly was also required in order to treat substrate of higher concentration and higher loading rate. The substrate concentration of about 10,000 ㎎COD/L was adequate to generate biogas efficiently. The pH was sharply decreased at the onset of higher loading rate, but the pH was restabilized soon at 8. During the experiment, the amount of the attached biomass was kept constant.
토끼에서 Etofenprox와 Spinosad 합제의 국소자극성 시험
황윤환,김명석,송인배,박병권,양승호,임용현,송치용,안성한,남현수,임정교,정상일,명노일,윤효인 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 附設 動物醫科學硏究所 2008 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.15 No.1
This study was performed to evaluation the skin and eye irritation of etofenprox 8% and spinosad 4% combination in male New Zealand White rabbits. In skin irritation test, the combination of etofenprox and spinosad did not showed any change of body weight but caused slight skin irritation with the P.I.I. (primary irritation index) value 0.25. The etofenprox and spinosad combination showed severe eye irritation 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after ocular treatment, having the A.O.I. (acute ocular irritation) value of 37.3. Therefore, these result indicated that the combination of etofenprox and spinosad might be irritant formulation on eye and skin.
Cheng, Han,Qin, Lin,Cai, Peiqing,Chen, Cuili,Wang, Jing,Il Kim, Sun,Huang, Yanlin,Seo, Hyo Jin Elsevier 2018 Journal of luminescence Vol.195 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Eu<SUP>3+</SUP>-doped Gd<SUB>10(1-<I>x</I>)</SUB>Eu<SUB>10<I>x</I> </SUB>V<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>20</SUB> (<I>x</I> = 0 – 1) phosphors were synthesized via the sol-gel process. The formation of a single phase compound was verified through the X-ray diffraction studies. Luminescence properties of Gd<SUB>10</SUB>V<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>20</SUB>:Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> are investigated by optical and laser excitation spectroscopy. The emission and excitation spectra, luminescence decays were measured in the temperature region 7–300K. The strong emission due to the vanadate group of Gd<SUB>10</SUB>V<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>20</SUB>:Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> is observed at low temperature. The charge transfer transition of Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> depends strongly on the Eu<SUP>3+</SUP>-concentration in Gd<SUB>10</SUB>V<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>20</SUB>:Eu<SUP>3+</SUP>. The emission intensity as a function of Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> concentration under excitation of charge transfer band is inconsistent with that of the 4<I>f</I> <SUP>7</SUP> states (the <SUP>5</SUP>L<SUB>6</SUB> state) of Eu<SUP>3+</SUP>. The energy transfer occurs between two Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> ions at low Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> concentration (< 10mol%), while energy diffusion dominates at high Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> concentration.</P>
Challenges in Managing Decommissioned Offshore Wind Turbine Blades: Now and the Future
Cheng-Han Chang 국제과학영재학회 2020 APEC Youth Scientist Journal Vol.12 No.1
As environmental concerns about the piling up of onshore wind turbine blades in landfills are on the rise, questions also arise regarding the disposal of decommissioned offshore wind turbine blades in the near future. Through a data mining process conducted on online databases of offshore wind farms, this study analyzed the growing pattern of offshore wind farms across countries and the scope of diversity in the type of wind turbine blades to decommission in the coming decades. The total capacity of offshore wind farms worldwide was found to increase rapidly, especially in the past few years. Besides the 17 countries with offshore wind farms currently in operation, 36 additional countries were found to have plans for building offshore wind farms. The first stream of rotor blades to decommission from offshore wind farms with a capacity above 400 MW is expected to be as early as year 2032. Common materials used for these rotor blades are composite materials, most of which can reportedly release hazardous gases during certain disposal processes. More research is needed to identify regulatory or technological strategies useful for the safe handling of these wastes.
Cheng Han Ng,Kai En Chan,Yip Han Chin,Rebecca Wenling Zeng,Pei Chen Tsai,Wen Hui Lim,Darren Jun Hao Tan,Chin Meng Khoo,Lay Hoon Goh,Zheng Jye Ling,Anand Kulkarni,Lung-Yi Loey Mak,Daniel Q Huang,Mark C 대한간학회 2022 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.28 No.3
Background/Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with diabetes. The cumulative impact of both diseases synergistically increases risk of adverse events. However, present population analysis is predominantly conducted with reference to non-NAFLD individuals and has not yet examined the impact of prediabetes. Hence, we sought to conduct a retrospective analysis on the impact of diabetic status in NAFLD patients, referencing non-diabetic NAFLD individuals. Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2018 was used. Hepatic steatosis was defined with United States Fatty Liver Index (US-FLI) and FLI at a cut-off of 30 and 60 respectively, in absence of substantial alcohol use. A multivariate generalized linear model was used for risk ratios of binary outcomes while survival analysis was conducted with Cox regression and Fine Gray model for competing risk. Results: Of 32,234 patients, 28.92% were identified to have NAFLD. 36.04%, 38.32% and 25.63% were non-diabetic, prediabetic and diabetic respectively. Diabetic NAFLD significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, chronic kidney disease, all-cause and CVD mortality compared to non-diabetic NAFLD. However, prediabetic NAFLD only significantly increased the risk of CVD and did not result in a higher risk of mortality. Conclusions: Given the increased risk of adverse outcomes, this study highlights the importance of regular diabetes screening in NAFLD and adoption of prompt lifestyle modifications to reduce disease progression. Facing high cardiovascular burden, prediabetic and diabetic NAFLD individuals can benefit from early cardiovascular referrals to reduce risk of CVD events and mortality.
Role of Selenium in Alteration of Erythrocyte Parameters in Bovine Fluorosis
Han, Bo,Yoon, Soon-Seek,Wu, Pei-Fu,Han, Hong-Ryul,Liang, Li-Cheng Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.6
Signs of dental discolouration, difficulty in mastication, bony exostosis and debility were observed in cattle from Qingtongxia Ningxia, China where fluoride concentration in drinking water, soil, fodder, serum, bone, teeth, haircoat and urine were significantly higher than the corresponding health site. The problem of fluorosis in beef cattle is attributable to water containing toxic levels of fluoride. The objective of this paper was therefore to evaluate the influence of fluoride on erythrocyte parameters in cattle under high fluoride and low selenium conditions, as well as the protective efficacy of selenium exposure in feedstuff for bovine endemic fluorosis. Sixteen 6 to 7 year-old high fluoride beef cattle were randomly allotted into two groups each with eight cows: high fluoride control group, and supplemented with 0.25 mg/kg selenium per day for 83 days respectively. In addition, eight 6 to 7 year-old normal control beef cattle were selected from a non-high fluoride site. Blood samples were collected on day 0, 30 and 83 for erythrocyte parameters analysis and scanning electronic microscopy. The results indicated that erythrocytes, hemoglobin, packed cell volume values and $Na^+-K^+$ ATPase activity from affected cattle on the high fluoride site were significantly reduced during the period as compared with the corresponding samples of normal control cattle, a great number of echinocytes were present in peripheral blood, and subsequent anaemia. However, affected cattle exposed to selenium revealed increasable erythrocyte parameters, the extent of elevation in these values being dependent on the duration of supplementation with selenium. These findings suggest that fluoride exposure can cause erythrocyte damage, whereas selenium supplementation can antagonize fluoride-induced generation of free radicals and cumulative effects of lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes. Selenium supplementation may help to alleviate the possible hazards associated with bovine endemic fluorosis.