Expression of progranulin in Early and Late Gestation Human Placentas

Hakhyun Ka 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2006 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.30 No.2

Development of placenta is a complex process that is critical for the pregnancy and controlled by many factors including cytokines, hormones, growth factors and apoptotic molecules. Recently, it has been shown that progranulin (PGRN) functions in growth of embryo and trophectoderm as well as cell migration. To initiate understanding the role of PGRN in human placental development, we investigated the expression of PGRN mRNA and protein in early and late gestation human placentas, term cytotrophoblast cells and two choriocarcinoma cell lines, JEG-3 and Jar. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction identified mRNAs derived from the PGRN gene in all samples. Immunoblot analysis showed that PGRN proteins are present in early and late gestation human placentas with decreasing levels over gestation and that PGRN proteins are present in normal and transformed trophoblast cells. Immunohistochemical analysis using paraformaldehyde-fixed tissue sections taken from early and late stages of pregnancy showed that PGRN proteins are present in cytotrophoblast cells, syncytiotrophoblast and extravillous cytotrophoblast cells and that expression pattern of PGRN differed according to the stage of cell differentiation. The results of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that PGRN proteins have critical roles in placental development and suggest that PGRN may function in trophoblast cell growth and differentiation.

Interactions between the Maternal Uterus and the Implanting Conceptus for the Establishment of Pregnancy in Pigs

Hakhyun Ka 한국수정란이식학회 2017 한국수정란이식학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.05

The successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy is achieved by well-coordinated interactions between the maternal uterus and the implanting conceptus. In pigs, the conceptus undergoes dramatic morphological and functional changes, and secretes various biological products such as estrogens and cytokines, interleukin-1beta (IL1B), interferon-gamma (IFNG), and IFN-delta (IFND) during the implantation period. The uterine endometrium in response to the conceptus-derived molecules and ovarian progesterone becomes receptive to the conceptus by changing cell adhesion molecule expression, epithelial cell depolarization and secretory activity. Conceptus-derived estrogen acts as the maternal pregnancy recognition signal which changes the direction of endometrial prostaglandin (PG) F2 secretion from the uterine vasculature into the uterine lumen. Estrogen also induces the expression of a variety of endometrial genes, including AKR1B1, FGF7, LPAR3, and SPP1. The function of cytokines, IL1B, IFNG, and IFND, in the endometrium is not fully understood, but some recent work shows that IL1B is involved in the synthesis and transport of endometrial PGs by regulating endometrial expression of PG-synthetic enzymes, PTGS1, PTGS2, and AKR1B1, and PG transporters, ABCC4 and SLCO2A1. Estrogen and IL1B also stimulate endometrial expression of IFN signaling molecules, suggesting that estrogen and IL1B act cooperatively on priming the endometrial function of conceptus IFNG and IFND. In turn, IFNG derived from the elongating conceptuses, induces many endometrial genes, including CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL12, and SLA-DQ. The role of IFND at the maternal-conceptus interface is not well understood yet. Further analysis of the molecules derived from the endometrium and conceptus will provide insights into the cellular and molecular basis of maternal-conceptus interactions for the establishment of successful pregnancy in pigs.

The Implantation Process for the Establishment of Pregnancy in Pigs

Hakhyun Ka 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2014 한국동물번식학회 한중일 심포지엄 Vol.2014 No.1

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Activates Pro-Survival Signaling Pathways, Nuclear Factor-B and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 in Trophoblast Cell Line, JEG-3

Hakhyun Ka 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2005 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.29 No.2

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a well-known inducer of apoptotic cell death in many tumor cells. TRAIL is expressed in human placenta, and cytotrophoblast cells express TRAIL receptors. However, the role of TRAIL in human placentas and cytotrophoblast cells is not well understood. In this study a trophoblast cell line, JEG-3, was used as a model system to examine the effect of TRAIL on key intracellular signaling pathways involved in the control of trophoblastic cell apoptosis and survival. JEG-3 cells expressed receptors for TRAIL, death receptor (DR) 4, DR5, decoy receptor (DcR) 1 and DcR2. Recombinant human TRAIL (rhTRAIL) did not have a cytotoxic effect determined by MTT assay and did not induce apoptotic cell death determined by poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage assay. rhTRAIL induced a rapid and transient nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) determined by immunoblotting using nuclear protein extracts. rhTRAIL rapidly activated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2 as determined by immnoblotting for phospho-ERK1/2. However, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and Akt (protein kinase B) were not activated by rhTRAIL. The ability of TRAIL to induce NF-κB and ERK1/2 suggests that interaction between TRAIL and its receptors may play an important role in trophoblast cell function during pregnancy.

Analysis of Factors Related to Implantation in the Uterus with SCNT-Derived Conceptuses in Pigs

Hakhyun Ka,Heewon Seo,Yohan Choi,Chang-Kyu Lee,Sang-Hwan Hyun,Eunsong Lee 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2012 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.1

Video Production Apps for Art Marketing

Hakhyun Choi,Sangah Kim,Jisu Choi,Eunbin Park,Jungmin Lee,Heesu Yoo,Jungeun Park,Seungae Lim,Heseong Hong 한국정보통신학회 2014 2016 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE Vol.6 No.1

Making videos using recent mobile applications is not only giving function to taking video but also giving a platform used many camera techniques. As anyone can make their own video using mobile video production apps, many apps can produce a professional quality video. Nowadays, there are many short movies and CF videos made using mobile video production apps. In this study, we would like to try to make mobile videos for art marketing using mobile apps. Through making videos using mobile video production apps, we will analyze the method of art marketing and functions and effects. We are concerned here with the direction of art marketing using mobile video production applications.

Interactions between the Maternal Uterus and Conceptus during the Implantation Period of Pregnancy in Pigs

Hakhyun Ka,Heewon Seo,Yohan choi,Jangsoo Shim,Mingoo Kim 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2011 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1

Successful pregnancy requires well-coordinated interactions between the maternal uterus and the developing embryo in pigs. In pigs, implantation begins around Day 12 of pregnancy. During this period, conceptus undergoes a dramatic morphological change and secretes various factors such as estrogens, interleukin-1 beta (IL1B), and interferons. Estrogens produced by conceptuses act as the signal for maternal recognition of pregnancy, and the mechanism of estrogen action is explained by the endocrine and exocrine theory. The uterine endometrium becomes receptive to the conceptus by changing cell adhesion molecules, polarizing epithelial cells and increasing secretory activity. Some changes of uterine activity are affected by the ovarian hormone, progesterone, but the presence of conceptus in the uterus also induces changes of endometrial functions, including most importantly maternal recognition of pregnancy. Many factors, such as hormones, cytokines, enzymes, extracellular matrix proteins, and transport proteins are reported to be present at the maternal-fetal interface and function in the establishment of pregnancy in pigs. However, understanding of the cellular and molecular events occurring in the endometrium is not complete. In recent studies we made some progress on understanding of expression and function of genes involved in maternal-fetal interaction for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in the uterine endometrium in pigs. Firstly, we found that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) was present at the maternal-and fetal interface at the time of implantation and LPA receptor 3 was uniquely expressed in the endometrium during early pregnancy. Secondly, we observed that salivary lipocalin (SAL1), a lipid-binding protein, was uniquely expressed in the uterine endometrium at the time of embryo implantation, and its expression was regulated by IL1B. Furthermore, expression of IL1B receptors are regulated by estrogen and IL1B, and IL1B functions in expression of genes related to prostaglandin synthesis and transport. Thirdly, we found that calcium regulatory molecules TRPV6 and S100G were dynamically regulated in the uterine endometrium during pregnancy, suggesting that regulation of calcium ion concentration may important for the embryo implantation and the maintenance of pregnancy. Finally, we observed that an MHC class II molecule, SLA-DQ, is expressed in the uterine endometrium at the time of conceptus implantation and its expression is essential for successful pregnancy, indicating that appropriate maternal-fetal immune interaction is required for the maintenance of pregnancy. Further analysis of these molecules will provide insights into the cellular and molecular basis of maternal-and fetal interaction during pregnancy in pigs.

딥러닝과 머신러닝을 이용한 아파트 실거래가 예측

김학현 ( Hakhyun Kim ),유환규 ( Hwankyu Yoo ),오하영 ( Hayoung Oh ) 한국정보처리학회 2023 정보처리학회논문지. 소프트웨어 및 데이터 공학 Vol.12 No.2

코로나 시대 이후 아파트 가격 상승은 비상식적이었다. 이러한 불확실한 부동산 시장에서 가격 예측 연구는 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 부동산 사이트에서 자료 수집 및 크롤링을 통해 2015년부터 2020년까지 87만개의 방대한 데이터셋을 구축하고 다양한 아파트 정보와 경제지표 등 가능한 많은 변수를 모은 뒤 미래 아파트 매매실거래가격을 예측하는 모델을 만든다. 해당 연구는 먼저 다중 공선성 문제를 변수제거 및 결합으로 해결하였다. 이후 의미있는 독립변수들을 뽑아내는 전진선택법(Forward Selection), 후진소거법(Backward Elimination), 단계적선택법(Stepwise Selection), L1 Regularization, 주성분분석(PCA) 총 5개의 변수 선택 알고리즘을 사용했다. 또한 심층신경망(DNN), XGBoost, CatBoost, Linear Regression 총 4개의 머신러닝 및 딥러닝 알고리즘을 이용해 하이퍼파라미터 최적화 후 모델을 학습시키고 모형간 예측력을 비교하였다. 추가 실험에서는 DNN의 node와 layer 수를 바꿔가면서 실험을 진행하여 가장 적절한 node와 layer 수를 찾고자 하였다. 결론적으로 가장 성능이 우수한 모델로 2021년의 아파트 매매실거래가격을 예측한 후 실제 2021년 데이터와 비교한 결과 훌륭한 성과를 보였다. 이를 통해 머신러닝과 딥러닝은 다양한 경제 상황 속에서 투자자들이 주택을 구매할 때 올바른 판단을 할 수 있도록 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이라 확신한다. Since the COVID-19 era, the rise in apartment prices has been unconventional. In this uncertain real estate market, price prediction research is very important. In this paper, a model is created to predict the actual transaction price of future apartments after building a vast data set of 870,000 from 2015 to 2020 through data collection and crawling on various real estate sites and collecting as many variables as possible. This study first solved the multicollinearity problem by removing and combining variables. After that, a total of five variable selection algorithms were used to extract meaningful independent variables, such as Forward Selection, Backward Elimination, Stepwise Selection, L1 Regulation, and Principal Component Analysis(PCA). In addition, a total of four machine learning and deep learning algorithms were used for deep neural network(DNN), XGBoost, CatBoost, and Linear Regression to learn the model after hyperparameter optimization and compare predictive power between models. In the additional experiment, the experiment was conducted while changing the number of nodes and layers of the DNN to find the most appropriate number of nodes and layers. In conclusion, as a model with the best performance, the actual transaction price of apartments in 2021 was predicted and compared with the actual data in 2021. Through this, I am confident that machine learning and deep learning will help investors make the right decisions when purchasing homes in various economic situations.

Endometrial response to conceptus-derived estrogen and interleukin-1β at the time of implantation in pigs

Ka, Hakhyun,Seo, Heewon,Choi, Yohan,Yoo, Inkyu,Han, Jisoo BioMed Central 2018 Journal of animal science and biotechnology Vol.9 No.-

<P>The establishment of pregnancy is a complex process that requires a well-coordinated interaction between the implanting conceptus and the maternal uterus. In pigs, the conceptus undergoes dramatic morphological and functional changes at the time of implantation and introduces various factors, including estrogens and cytokines, interleukin-1β2 (IL1B2), interferon-γ (IFNG), and IFN-δ (IFND), into the uterine lumen. In response to ovarian steroid hormones and conceptus-derived factors, the uterine endometrium becomes receptive to the implanting conceptus by changing its expression of cell adhesion molecules, secretory activity, and immune response. Conceptus-derived estrogens act as a signal for maternal recognition of pregnancy by changing the direction of prostaglandin (PG) F<SUB>2α</SUB> from the uterine vasculature to the uterine lumen. Estrogens also induce the expression of many endometrial genes, including genes related to growth factors, the synthesis and transport of PGs, and immunity. IL1B2, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is produced by the elongating conceptus. The direct effect of IL1B2 on endometrial function is not fully understood. IL1B activates the expression of endometrial genes, including the genes involved in IL1B signaling and PG synthesis and transport. In addition, estrogen or IL1B stimulates endometrial expression of IFN signaling molecules, suggesting that estrogen and IL1B act cooperatively in priming the endometrial function of conceptus-produced IFNG and IFND that, in turn, modulate endometrial immune response during early pregnancy. This review addresses information about maternal-conceptus interactions with respect to endometrial gene expression in response to conceptus-derived factors, focusing on the roles of estrogen and IL1B during early pregnancy in pigs.</P>

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Activates Pro-Survival Signaling Pathways, Nuclear Factor-kB and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 in Trophoblast Cell Line, JEG-3

Ka Hakhyun 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2005 Reproductive & Developmental Biology(Supplement) Vol.29 No.2s

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a well-known inducer of apoptotic cell death in many tumor cells. 1RAIL is expressed in human placenta, and cytotrophoblast cells express 1RAIL receptors. However, the role of TRAIL in human placentas and cytotrophoblast cells is not. well understood. In this study a trophoblast cell line, JEG-3, was used as a model system to examine the effect of TRAIL. on key intracellular signaling pathways involved in the control of trophoblastic cell apoptosis and survival JEG-3 cells expressed receptors for 1RAIL, death receptor (DR) 4, DR5, decoy receptor (OcR) 1 and DeR2. Recombinant human TRAIL (rhTRAIL) did not have a cytotoxic effect determined by MIT assay and did not induce apoptotic cell death determined by poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage assay. rhTRAIL induced a rapid and transient nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kB(NF-kB) determined by immunoblotting using nuclear protein extracts. rhTRAIL rapidly activated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2 as determined by immnoblotting for phospho-ERK1/2. However, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and Akt (protein kinase B) were not activated by rhTRAIL. The ability of 1RAIL to induce NF-kB and ERK1/2 suggests that interaction between TRAIL and its receptors may play an important role in trophoblast cell function during pregnancy.