담배연기성분 중 니코틴함량 측정결과에 대한 불확도 산정

김영신,정재훈,임흥빈,이학수,석영선,신주식 충북대학교 연초연구소 2004 煙草硏究 Vol.19 No.-

담배성분에 대하여 정량분석을 하여 구하는 값은 측정하고자 하는 대상의 참값에 대한 추정값이며, 이는 이상적인 참값으로부터 여러 가지 원인에 의해 벗어나게 된다. 실험 분석 결과는 실험대상에 대한 여러 가지 판단 근거를 제공하는 것이며, 이에 대한 신뢰성의 척도로 불확도가 사용되고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구는 담배연기성분 중 니코틴함량 측정결과에 대하여 신뢰성을 부가시키고, 더욱이 실험과정에서 중요한 불확도의 원인을 찾아내어 해당부분의 불확도를 줄임으로써 보다 정확한 분석결과를 얻고자 이루어졌으며 이 방법으로 추정된 CM4의 측정값과 불확도 표현은 다음과 같다. Nicotine : 1.28 ± 0.01 mg/cig. (신뢰 구간 95.45%, k=2) Measurements by quantitative analysis of tobacco components were the presumed value of a true value. But this measurement was out of ideal true value by various reasons. The aim of this study was to invest with confidence to measurement of nicotine content in tobacco smoke components and to reduce uncertainty by searching uncertainty reasons. Uncertainty of nicotine contents of CORESTA monitor 4 by this method was as follows.

정사각형 장애물 주위 유동에서 역압력구배의 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

이학성,박계향,유상신 한국 항공대학교 항공산업기술연구소 1996 航空宇宙産業技術硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.6 No.-

An experimental study on the reattachment length behind the square obstacle under the adverse pressure gradient is conducted. An obstacle is fixed on the flat plate and the plate is installed in the test section of the wind tunnel. The upper wall of the wind tunnel is designed to be adjusted to impose the adverse pressure gradient on the flat plate. Tufts, ink-dot-liquid-film technique and a single hot wire are used to visualize and to determine the reattachment length of the flow field. Experimental results for the reattachment length of a model installed in the wind tunnel are strongly affected by the circumstances of the plate, installation, that is, whether sides of a model to the wind tunnel wall is open or completely closed. In order to ensure the two-dimensional flow on the plate sides of a model to the wind tunnel should be completely closed. The reattachment length of the square obstacle increase as the adverse pressure gradient increases.

Matlab/Simulink를 이용한 DC 서보 전동기의 속도제어에 관한 시뮬레이터 개발

장영학,주신형,김홍렬 木浦大學校 工業技術硏究所 1999 工業技術硏究誌 Vol.9 No.-

This paper presents a modeling method of a speed control for DC servo motor. This System is modeled by using the system level simulation program, Matlab/Simulink. The main purpose of this simulator is related to the development and validation of advanced control techniques applied to DC motors In Matlab/Simulink, a graphic user interface is supported, and system structures can be easily visualized. In the developed simulator, the subsystems of DC motor are implemented using three ways; modeling for the DC motor, PID auto-turning, stability. To simulate a speed control for DC motor in the simulator, the blocks or modules, which are elements of a control system, are simply connected by lines. The simulation results can be displayed using the built-in graphic functions in Matlab in Matlab or the scope; which is one of the block libraries in Simulink. The adoption of this simulator improves mpdularity, reusability and productivity in studying a Control system.

1, 4-디케톤 置換體의 디아조 化合物 合成

李學沂,金鴻洛,李信雄 慶北大學校 1987 論文集 Vol.44 No.-

There are numerous ways in the generation of carbene intermediates. The decomposition of diazo compounds is a quite general reaction for the carbene formation. However, the synthesis of the required diazo compounds has sometimes a limitation because the diazo compounds are unstable. The cis-form of hydrazone of substituted unsaturated 1,4-diketone usually gives substituted pyridazine which is not easily decomposed to produce carbene by heat or light. In this study, trans-1,2-dibenzoylethlene was prepared from maleic anhydride via three steps. Tosylhdrazones were obtained from the reaction of tosylhydrazine with t-1,2-dibenzoylethylene in THF. The tosylhydrazone of the ketone was reacted with base catalyst to give diazo compound, 1,2-bis (diazobenzoyl) ethylene in DMF with loss p-tolunesulfinate.

農村工業開發과 農民就業促進策에 關한 考察

鄭學臣 全南大學校企業經營硏究所 1979 産業經濟硏究 Vol.6 No.1

It is generally recognized that the income of farm households, most of them are of small scale in case of LDCs, will be able to increase if the industrial sector develops so as to take economic advantage of farm land. This paper aims to suggest some policy implications to increase employment and income of farm factories located in agricultural area. Thus are analyzed how the sector can contribute to the increase of those farm households of small scale, what obstacles against them are, and what policies we can use to remove them out of the area. A sample was selected from four economic areas-Non-san, Naju, Sungju and Miryang. In each economic area sectors were divided into two; one which lies adjacent to the factories in farm and the other does not. From each sector two villages were sampled and from each village were sampled and from each village were selected 18 farm households. Thus the total number of them amounted 289. According to the analysis: ⅰ) the ratio of employment was higher in the sector adjacent to farm land factories, than the other sector. ⅱ) the distribution of all the employed was concentrated on the small scale farm household. ⅲ) most of the employed were younger people-teenagers and 20ths. ⅳ) the household income of the employed was increased. So, it is proved that the farm-factories contribute to increasing farm household income and the increase of the increase of the opportunities of employment of the idle people in agricultural area, especially of small-scale farm household members. Besides these results, some problems were discovered from this analysis; ⅰ) these factories pushed out polution, ⅱ) the wage in this was increased because of the increasing employment in the factories. ⅲ) the production of agricultural products, particularly rise, was declined because of poor mechanization. ⅳ) the scale of the factories was too small to make a sufficient profit to the employers. ⅴ) the skills of the peasants was not so high that the employers are willing to employ them in their factories. From these results, I suggest some following policies. Firstly, the conditions of location of the farm land factories must be improved in order to employ more peasants. Secondly, the vocational education of farm laborers must be strengthened. Thirdly, those men and women should be promised to be employed by the factories who have finished the course of technical education.

잎담배 생산농가의 경작규모별 곁순방제 소요노동력 조사

최상진,김영신,이학수,석영선 충북대학교 연초연구소 2004 煙草硏究 Vol.19 No.-

This study was carried out to decect efficient method of sucker control classifed by cultivation hectarage per farm in 57 farms selected in the main producing districts of flue-cured and burley tobacco. In topping, it was no difference of working hours by cultivation hectarage per farm in flue-cured and burley tobacco. Suckering was the best in working hours among working type, and the more cultivation hectarage per farm was small, the more working hours of topping, suckering and application of suckercide was increased. Application of system suckercide shows a decrease as compared with application of contact suckercide but the decrease of working hours in application of contact suckercide by cultivation hectarage per farm was larger than in system suckercide. 경작면적별 효율적인 곁순억제방법을 알아보고자 황색종 및 버어리종 주산지에서 57개 경작농가를 선정하여 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 적심작업의 경우 황색종과 버어리종 모두 경작면적에 의한 노력소요량의 차이는 없었다. 2. 곁순제거작업은 다른 작업에 비해 노력소요량이 가장 많았고, 경작면적이 작을수록 노력소요량이 증가하였다. 3. 황색종과 버어리종 모두 침투성 곁순억제살포작업에 비해 접촉성 약제살포작업에서 노력소요량이 많았으나 경작면적이 큰 경우 접촉성 약제 살포작업 노력소요량 감소폭이 침투성 곁순억제제 살포작업에 대한 노력소요량 감소폭보다 컸다. 4. 각 작업에 대하여 농가간 최저 및 최고 노력소요량 차이가 큰 것으로 나타나 조사방법과 시기를 보완하여 보다 체계적이고 세밀한 조사가 추가적으로 이루어져야 할 필요가 있다.

Rotary type과 linear type 자동흡연 장치에 따른 담배연기 중 타르, 니코틴 및 일산화탄소의 함량 비교

정재훈,김영신,임흥빈,석영선,신주식,이학수 충북대학교 연초연구소 2004 煙草硏究 Vol.19 No.-

본 실험은 type별 흡연 장치의 담배 주류연 포집에 대한 차이를 비교하고자 주류연 중 일반적인 다량의 성분을 측정하였다. 1. 니코틴 함량은 대체로 linear-type 흡연 장치에서 높은 경향 이였으나 유의한 차이는 없었다. 2. 수분 함량은 두 가지 type 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 3. tar 함량은 저 농도에서 linear-type 보다 otary-type 흡연 장치가 높은 경향 이였으나 유의한 차이는 없었다. 4. 일산화탄소는 rotary-type과 linear-type 모두 유의한 차이는 없었다. 본 실험결과 ISO 표준 흡연 조건에서 담배 주류연의 tar, 니코틴, 일산화탄소 함량의 측정은 흡연 장치의 type별 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없는 것으로 판단된다. This study was conducted to compare rotary-type with linear-type automatic smoking machine referred to ISO 3308 in the determination of tar, nicotine and CO in cigarette smoke. Sample were used with 4 kinds of domestic branded cigarettes(tar ; 1, 3, 6, 10 mg/cig) and CORESTA Monitor 4 cigarettes(tar ; 14 mg/cig). Tar and nicotine contents were analysed by gas-chromatograph methods in accordance with ISO 4387 and 10315-1. Determination of carbon monoxide in the vapour phase of cigarette smoke was meaured by NDIR method in ISO 8454. Sample preparation were performed in conditioning room at 22℃, 60 % for 48 hours according to ISO 3402. There was no significant difference between two smoking machine from 1 mg/cig to 14 mg/cig tar cigarettes, but, the contents of three components measured by rotary type showed higher tendency than those by linear type in the case of hight tar cigarettes. The results were the opposite in low tar cigarettes.

역압력구배하에서 윗벽면 및 평판슬릿흡입이 난류경계층의 구조에 미치는 영향

박계향,이학성,윤명식,유상신 한국항공대학교 1994 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

역압력 구배하에서 벽면흡입과 모델 평판의 슬릿흡입이 난류 경계층구조에 미치는 영향에 대하여 실험적으로 연구하였다. 압력탭이 설치된 평판을 실험부에 설치한 후 평판위에 역압력구배가 작용되도록 하고 경계층 내의 속도 분포와 난류강도를 열선유속계로 측정하였다. 역압력구배가 커지면 경계층의 천이점은 평판의 상류쪽으로 이동하며 평판의 벽면에서 슬릿흡입을 하면 경계층내의 난류강도가 감소하고, 흡입량을 증가하면 난류 강도는 더욱 감소한다. An experimental study on the boundary layer structure on the flat plate with upper wall and slit suction under adverse pressure gradients is presented. Velocity profiles and turbulent intensities in the boundary layer are measured by hot-wire anemometer system. The transition point of a bondary layer moves upstream direction as the adverse pressure gradient increases. Slit suction causes a reduction of turbulent intensity of boundary layer. Reduction of trubulent intensity increases as the suction coefficient increases.

갑상선결절의 임상 및 초음차소견의 진단적 가치

박거운,박철진,박일구,신지혜,정중화,배학연,김상용 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2007 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.32 No.2

Backgrounds: Thyroid nodule have been relatively common disease and it's prevalence estimated about 4-7%. Recently, high resolution ultrasonography has made the detection of small thyroid nodule possible, Increases in the detection of thyroid nodule have created a clinical dilemma on how to properly manage such thyroid nodules. We investigated the prevalence, clinical and ultrasonographic characterristics, and optimal diagnostic approach toward detected benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Methods: A retrosepctive review was undertaken on the 372 patients who was done Ultrasonograpy guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in Chosun University Hospital, Gwang-Ju, Korea between July 2003 and Spring 2005. Devided into four group such as benign and malignant thyroid nodule on the basis of size 1.5Cm. The review consisted of thyroid function test, antithyroid antibodies, thyroid autoantibodies, thyroid ultrasonography, fine needle aspiration biopsy in each group. Results: The prevalence of thyroid nodule malignancy rate was 18.0%. The prevalence of thyroid incidentaloma malignanct rate was 17.5%. There were no significant differences in age, sex, thyroid function test and size between the benign, malignant incidentalomas and nodule. Ultrasonographic characteristics, include ultrasonography index point showed meaningful diagnostic value for the detection of malignancy in thyroid nodule, Conclusion: Thyroid cancers are fairly common finding. There are no clinical difference between benign and malignant thyroid nodule; however, ultrasonographic findings can be used to decision of optimal management strategies 배경: 최근갑상선 초음파의 빈번한 시행으로 갑상선 결절의 발견이 증가하고 있다. 이러한 갑상선 결절중 특히 갑상션우연종을 임상적으로 어떻게 접근하고 치료를해야하는지는 적지 않는 문제가 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 갑상선 우연종 및 직경 1.5 cm 이상의 갑상션결절의 유병률, 임상적 특징, 초음파특정 및 초음파의 진단적 유용성에 대해 알아 보았다. 방법: 2003년 7윌부터 2005년 3월까지 조선 대학교병원 내과 및 일반외과및 건강검진 센터를 통해 갑상선 초음파, 경동맥 초음파 및 경부 CT등을 통해 우연히 발견된 갑상션결절을 가진 372명을 대상으로 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 크기 1.5 cm 미만의 양성및 악성 갑상선 결절군과 크기 1.5 cm 이상의 양성 및 악성결절로 그룹을 나누고 각 군에서 나이, 성별, 갑상선 기능검사, 항갑상선 항체, 갑상선 초음파 및 미세침흡인세포검사등을 검토하였고, 모든 갑상선 결절에 Koike (6)가 제한한 초음파지표 점수(Ultrasonographie index point)를 부여하여 각 군을 비교하였다. 결과: 분석한 갑상선 결절 372예 중 악성결절의 유병율은 18.0% (67예)였다. 갑상선 우연 종의 유병율은 81.5% (303예)였다. 갑상선 우연 종에서의 악성률은 17.5% (53예)로 나왔다. 크기 1.5 cm 이상의 양성 및 악성 갑상선 결절과 양성 및 악성 갑상선 우연종에서 나이, 성별, 갑상선 기능검사, 항갑상선항체에는 의미있는 차이가 없었다. 또한 양성 및 악성우연종에서 의 갑상선 결절크기에도 의미있는 차이는 보이지 않았다. 갑상선 결절의 초음파 지표점수만이 양성 및 악성우연종과 양성 및 악성갑상선 결절의 감별에 의미있는 차이를 보였다. 갑상 선우연종과 크기 1.5 cm 이상의 갑상선 결절에 서 양성을 나타내는 초음파지표점수는 각각 3 점과 4점으로 다르게 나타났다. 양성 및 악성 갑상선우연종의 감별에서 초음파 지표점수의 민감도는 93.6%, 특이도는 52.8%, 양성예측율은 92.4%로 나왔고, 진단적 효율은 86.4% 였으며 크기 1.5 cm 이상의 양성 및 악성 갑상선 결정의 감별에서 초음파지수 민감도는 92.7%, 특이도가 42.9%, 양성 예측도 86%, 효율 82.6%를 보였다. 결론: 갑상선결절에서의 양성 및 악성의 유무는 임상적으로 판단하기 힘들지만 갑상선 결절에서의 초음파 소견 및 초음파 지표 점수를 도입하면 이에 대한 감별에 도움을 줄 수 있다. 따라서 갑상선 초음파검사시 초음파지표점수의 사용은 향후 갑상선 결절의 진단 방향을 제시하는 중요한 길잡이가 될 수 있으리라 사료된다.

산성용액중 황동의 부식에 대하여

김학신(Hak Sin Kim) 전북대학교 공학연구원 (구 전북대학교 공업기술연구소) 1977 工學硏究 Vol.7 No.-