Studies of the microbial metabolism of flavonoids extracted from the leaves of Diospyros kaki by intestinal bacteria

Sheng-hai Zhang,Ying-zi Wang,Fan-yun Meng,You-lin Li,Cai-xia Li,Fei-peng Duan,Qing Wang,Xiu-ting Zhang,Chun-ni Zhang 대한약학회 2015 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.38 No.5

Flavonoid glycosides are metabolized byintestinal bacteria, giving rise to a wide range of phenolicacids that may exert systemic effects in the body. Themicrobial metabolism of flavonoids extracted from theleaves of Diospyros kaki (FLDK) by intestinal bacteria wasinvestigated in vitro. High-performance liquid chromatography/linear trap quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometrywas performed to analyze the metabolites of flavonoidsin vivo using Xcalibur2.1 software. The results showed thatthe levels of flavonoid glycosides and flavonoid aglyconesdecreased rapidly in the process of microbial metabolismby intestinal bacteria in vitro, and the metabolic rate maybe related to the concentration of intestinal bacteria in theculture solution. In vivo metabolites of FLDK weredetected in rat plasma and urine after oral administration ofFLDK. Eight flavonoids were identified in the urine, andthree were identified in the plasma; however, flavonoidaglycones were not found in the plasma.

PCR-DGGE as a Supplemental Method Verifying Dominance of Culturable Microorganisms from Activated Sludge

( Sheng Zhou ),( Hai Wei Chao ),( Ke Lin ),( Hai Zhen Wu ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2010 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.20 No.11

To verify the dominance of microorganisms in wastewater biological treatment, PCR-DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) was performed as a supplementary support method for screening of the dominant microorganisms from activated sludge. Results suggest that the dominant microorganisms in activated sludge are primarily responsible for strengthening its effectiveness as a biological treatment system, followed by the non-main dominant microorganisms, whereas the non-dominant microorganisms showed no effects. The degree of microbial abundance present on the profile of PCR-DGGE was in line with the treatment efficiency of augmented activated sludge with isolated cultures, suggesting that PCR-DGGE can be used as an effective supplementary method for verifying culturable dominant microorganisms in activated sludge of coking wastewater.

Preparation of lithium-doped NaV6O15 thin film cathodes with high cycling performance in SIBs

Xu Hai-Yan,Ruan Jun Hai,Liu Fang Lin,Li Dong-Cai,Zhang Feng-Jun,Wang Ai-Guo,Sun Dao-Sheng,오원춘 한국세라믹학회 2022 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.59 No.3

Lithium ions-doped NaV6O15 thin films have been prepared using a simple low temperature liquid phase deposition method and subsequent annealing process. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), scanning elec- tron microscopy (SEM), and photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been used to study the structural and physicochemical characteristics of the NaV6O15 film. The films were grown on the FTO conductive glass and used directly as an electrode of sodium ion batteries. The prepared lithium ions-doped NaV6O15 thin film electrodes showed an excellent cycling stability and discharge capacity, which may be attributed to the stability of the Li+ embedded into the gap between the V–O layers to maintain the structure and its stable β-phase structure transformed after the first cycle. The cycling stability greatly improved with increasing annealing temperature, while the discharge capacity decreased. The capacities of the film electrodes annealed at 400 °C and 450 °C maintained above 97% after 100 cycles. The lithium-doped NaV6O15 underwent a phase transition dur- ing the first charge/discharge cycle. The new transformed phase has perfect crystal structure stability undergoing insertion and deinsertion of Na+. Therefore, the lithium-doped NaV6O15 thin film possesses good cycling stability and is expected to be a promising thin film cathode for sodium-ion batteries.

A New Security Model In P2P Network Based On Rough Set And Bayesian Learner

( Wang Hai-sheng ),( Gui Xiao-lin ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2012 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.6 No.9

A new security management model based on Rough set and Bayesian learner is proposed in the paper. The model focuses on finding out malicious nodes and getting them under control. The degree of dissatisfaction (DoD) is defined as the probability that a node belongs to the malicious node set. Based on transaction history records local DoD (LDoD) is calculated. And recommended DoD (RDoD) is calculated based on feedbacks on recommendations (FBRs). According to the DoD, nodes are classified and controlled. In order to improve computation accuracy and efficiency of the probability, we employ Rough set combined with Bayesian learner. For the reason that in some cases, the corresponding probability result can be determined according to only one or two attribute values, the Rough set module is used; And in other cases, the probability is computed by Bayesian learner. Compared with the existing trust model, the simulation results demonstrate that the model can obtain higher examination rate of malicious nodes and achieve the higher transaction success rate.

Highly Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes Catalyzed by Novel Chiral tert-Amino Alcohols

Cong-hai Zhang,Sheng-jiao Yan,Sheng-qiang Pan,Rong Huang,Jun Lin 대한화학회 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.4

A series of novel chiral tert-amino alcohols 4a-h derived from enantiomerically pure phenylalanine were synthesized efficiently and used as chiral ligands in the catalytic enantioselective ethylation of aldehydes with diethylzinc (diethylzinc-to-aldehyde addition). The use of 10 mol % of the amino alcohols led to the corresponding sec-alcohols with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 100% ee) and high yields.

20세기 초기 한국어 대우법 연구사

양해승(Liang, Hai Sheng) 동악어문학회 2014 동악어문학 Vol.63 No.-

본고는 『역대한국문법대계』에 나온 20세기 초기 대우법에 관련된 이론을 중심으로 하여 대우법의 체계화, 높임 등급 및 실현방법의 설정, 창립, 계승 및 발전, 확립에 대한 역사적인 흐름을 고찰하는 데 목적을 둔다. 알다시피 현대한국어의 대우법체계는 상대대우법, 주체대우법, 객체대우법 세 가지로 나눠져 있다. 대우법 실현방법은 주로 굴곡적, 파생적, 어휘적 방법이 있다. 위와 같은 대우법 체계화, 높임 등급 및 실현방법에 대한 기존 연구 성과에 따라 『역대한국문법대계』에 나타나는 대우법 이론을 고찰해 한국어 대우법 연구의 초창기, 계승 및 발전시기, 확립시기 등 세 시기로 구분하여 설정했다. 이런 시기 구분 설정 기준은 한국어 대우법에 대한 인식정도에 따라 정한 것이다. 주시경(1910)까지는 한국어 대우법 연구의 초창기라고 본다. 이 시기에 한국어 대우법에 대한 인식이 최초로 생겼다. 김규식(1909, 1912)은 처음 한국어 상대대우법의 체계 및 등급, 그리고 실현방법을 인식했고, 주시경(1910)은 상대대우법뿐만 아니라 처음 한국어 주체대우법의 체계, 높임 등급 및 실현방법을 인식했다. 그리고 한국어 대우법의 틀을 초보적으로 체계 있게 짰다. 주시경(1910) 이후부터 최현배(1937) 이전까지는 한국어 대우법 연구의 계승 및 발전시기라고 본다. 이 시기에 한국어 주체 및 상대 대우법의 체계화, 높임 등급 및 실현방법에 크게 기여한 학자는 김희상(1911, 1927), 김두봉(1916, 1922) 등을 들 수 있다. 최현배(1937)부터 정렬모(1946)까지는 한국어 대우법 연구의 확립시기라고 본다. 최현배(1937)에서는 주체 및 상대 대우법의 체계화, 높임 등급 및 실현방법에 대한 연구가 한 번 더 깊어지고 체계적으로 세분화되었다. 정렬모(1946)에서는 객체대우법을 처음 인식했다. 정렬모(1946)까지는 한국어 대우법의 삼분 체계가 완전히 이뤄졌고 각 체계의 높임 등급뿐만 아니라 실현방법도 거의 다 인식되었다. 본고는 『역대한국문법대계』에 나타난 20세기 초기의 한국어대우법 연구 성과를 대상으로 학자들의 한국어 대우법에 대한 인식정도에 따라 위와 같이 세 가지 시기로 나눠 한국어 대우법의 체계화, 높임 등급 및 실현방법의 역사적 흐름을 자세히 밝혀내고자 한다. The purpose of this paper is to review the beginning of the 20th century"s the system of Korean Respect Study"s respect level classification and its implementation method"s creation period, inheritance and development period, and establishment period from a historical perspective, focusing on the Korean Respect Study"s theory which appeared in the “Complete Collection of Korean Grammar Through The Ages”. The Korean Respect Study is divided into Listener Respect, Subject Respect and Object Respect; and its implementation method is mainly divided into Inflectional Method, Derivative Method and Vocabulary Method. This paper is based on these basic theories. I have studied further about the Korean Respect Study"s theory shown in the “Complete Collection of Korean Grammar Through The Ages”, and I try to divided the beginning of the 20th century"s Korean Respect Study"s research history into Creation period, Inheritance and Development period, and Establishment period. This kind of division is based on the level of recognition to Korean Respect Study"s theory, and I have come to the following conclusions: 1. Until Ju Si-gyeong (1910), it was the Korean Respect Study"s creation period. Jim Kyu-sik (1909, 1912) first discovered Korean Listener Respect"s level classification and its implementation method; Ju Si-gyeong (1910) not only first discovered Subject Respect"s level classification and its implementation method but also first systematized the Korean Respect Study, establishing the framework of Korean Respect study at a preliminary level. 2. During between Ju Si-gyeong (1910) and Choi Hyeon-bae (1937), it was the Korean Respect Study"s inheritance and development period. In this period scholars who made a great contribution to the Korean Respect Study were Jim Hui-sang (1911, 1927: Refining Korean Listener Respect Method) and Jim Du bong (1916, 1922: Discovering more implementation methods of Korean Respect Way). 3. From Choi Hyeon-bae"s work (1937) to Jeong Ryeol-mo (1946), it indicated the full establishment of the Korean Respect Study"s system. Choi Hyeon-bae (1937) not only classified the Korean Respect Study"s methods according to respect level in a more in-depth way and found more implementation methods, but also comprehensively systematized the Korean Respect Study"s implementation methods and respect level. and Jeong Ryeol-mo (1946) first found Korean Object Respect Method. This paper suggests that the Korean Respect Study should be divided into three periods as above, and investigates in-detail the Korean Respect Study"s level classification, implementation method and characteristics in each period from a historical perspective.

한국어 겹받침 발음 교육 방안 연구 -중국 내 4년제 대학교 한국어학과 저학년 학생을 대상으로-

양해승 ( Liang Hai-sheng ),포연 ( Bao Juan ) 한국어교육연구소 2017 한국어교육연구 Vol.12 No.1

본고는 중국 내 4년제 대학교 한국어학과 저학년 학생을 대상으로 더 효율적이고 체계적이며 과학적으로 한국어 겹받침 발음을 교수할 수 있는 교육 방안을 세워봤다. 먼저, 『훈민정음』을 통해 겹받침의 역사적 기원을 밝힘으로써 스토리텔링식(story-telling)으로 겹받침 수업을 재미있게 도입하고, 그 다음으로 겹받침 앞 자음에 따라 ‘ㄱ’계, ‘ㄴ’계, ‘ㄹ’계, ‘ㅂ’계로 분류함으로써 겹받침의 형태와 순서를 쉽게 교수하도록 하고, 이것을 바탕으로 한국어 겹받침의 발음 방법에 의해 앞 자음이 발음 되는 경우, 뒤 자음이 발음되는 경우, 그리고 앞 혹은 뒤 자음이 발음되는 경우 세 가지로 나눠 각각 뒤 음절이 모음인지 자음인지에 따라 해당 음운변동규칙을 적용시킴으로써 각 겹받침이 나타낸 음운적 양상을 짧은 시간 안으로 체계적으로 쉽게 교수하도록 한다. 마지막으로 쓰기, 읽기, 듣기, 말하기 차원에서 재미있는 활용연습을 개발해 봤다. 본고가 중국 내 4년제 대학교 한국어학과 저학년 학생을 위한 한국어 겹받침 발음 교육 방안 연구의 빈자리를 채워 줄 수 있는 연구가 되었으면 한다. At present, Korean final double consonants’ research results for Chinese students are mainly based on Chinese students studying in Korean language institute, and lack of corresponding results focusing on Korean major students at lower grades in four-year undergraduate college in China. So we attempt to build an efficient, systematic, and scientific new teaching model on Korean final double consonants to fill the gap in this field by this paper. To this end, this paper is mainly divided into four parts. First, it’s necessary to use ‘Hunmin Jeongeum’ to explain the origin of Korean final double consonants to students in the way of story-telling. And then according to the first consonant of final double consonants, they can be divided into ‘g(ㄱ)’ type, ‘n(ㄴ) type’, ‘l(ㄹ) type’, ‘b(ㅂ)type’. With this type of classification approach students can grasp the form and order of Korean final double consonants in a quick and effective way. On this basis, according to the pronunciation of Korean final double consonants, we divide them into three types, namely final double consonants only pronounced by the first consonant(ex.ㄳ; ㄵ, ㄶ; ㄽ, ㄾ, ㅀ; ㅄ), final double consonants only pronounced by the second consonant (ex. ㄿ, ㄻ), final double consonants pronounced by the first consonant or second consonant (ex. ㄺ, ㄼ). And then depending on whether the final double consonants are followed by a vowel or consonant, we can combine with the corresponding pronunciation rules to study the comprehensive pronunciation situations of final double consonants with some living examples. Finally, we studied effective methods of final double consonants mainly from four levels: writing, reading, listening and speaking. This paper is intended to fill the gap in the research of Korean final double consonants’ teaching model for Korean major of four-year undergraduate college in China.

Highly Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes Catalyzed by Novel Chiral tert-Amino Alcohols

Zhang, Cong-Hai,Yan, Sheng-Jiao,Pan, Sheng-Qiang,Huang, Rong,Lin, Jun Korean Chemical Society 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.4

A series of novel chiral tert-amino alcohols 4a-h derived from enantiomerically pure phenylalanine were synthesized efficiently and used as chiral ligands in the catalytic enantioselective ethylation of aldehydes with diethylzinc (diethylzinc-to-aldehyde addition). The use of 10 mol % of the amino alcohols led to the corresponding sec-alcohols with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 100% ee) and high yields.

한국어의 주관량(主觀量, Subjective Quantity) 표현 연구

양해승 ( Liang Hai-sheng ) 국어학회 2014 국어학 Vol.71 No.-

주관량(主觀量, Subjective Quantity)이란 언어의 주관성이 언어화된 양범주에 반영되어 형성된 개념이며, 인지언어학의 핵심 개념으로서 중국어나 영어 학계에서 큰 관심이 모아지고 있다. 그러나 한국어 주관량 연구는 아직도 새로운 연구 분야라서 해당 주관량의 정의, 생성원리, 구분기준, 표현 방법 등에 대해 체계적으로 다루지 못하고 있다. 본고에서는 인지언어학적 시각으로 다양한 한국어의 실례를 통해 먼저 주관량에 관련된 여러 개념들, 예를 들면, 언어화된 양범주, 주관성 및 주관화와의 관련성을 자세히 해석했고, 그 다음에 주관량의 정의, 참조량, 생성원리, 그리고 수량사구(NumP)에 관련된 한국어 주관량의 구분기준에 대해 깊이 논의했다. 마지막으로 주로 형태론, 통사론 두 차원에서 해당 한국어의 주관량 표현을 체계적으로 다루었다. 주관량 표현을 다루는 과정에서 주로 인지언어학의 주관성과 주관화 이론, 현저성 이론, 의미확장양상 이론, 영상도식 이론, 의미 협력 및 변형 이론 등을 적용해 봤다. 본 연구 성과는 한국어 주관량에 대한 체계적인 연구의 빈자리를 채워주고 아직도 한국어 주관량에 관련된 많은 미해결 과제를 푸는 데 도움이 될 것이다. Subjective quantity denotes a concept that is formed by the embodiment of human subjectivity within the scope of quantity category in the language field. As a core concept of cognitive linguistics, it gets a lot of attention among scholars in the Chinese and English linguistics circles. But, in the Korean linguistics circle study on subjective quantity is still an emerging research field, so the study about subjective quantity’s concept, forming principle, classification criteria, and means of expression still did not form a systematic research system. This paper used a large number of Korean examples from the perspective of cognitive linguistics firstly to analyze various concepts on Korean subjective quantity in detail, for example, linguistic quantity category, subjectivity & subjectification, and to define concept of subjective quantity, reference quantity, forming principle, on this basis, an in-depth research is conducted into classification criterion of subjective quantity on number phrases. Finally, this paper researched subjective quantity expression mainly from two levels of morphology and Syntax systematically. In the process of research on subjective quantity expression method, this paper mainly used Subjectivity and Subjectification, Salience theory, Semantic Expansion theory, Image Schema theory, Semantic Coordination & Variation theory on cognitive linguistics, and so on. I wish this paper can fill the blank in the research of Korean subjective quantity, and play a positive reference role in solving many problems on Korean subjective quantity.

Evaluation of the Geometric Accuracy of Anatomic Landmarks as Surrogates for Intrapulmonary Tumors in Image-guided Radiotherapy

Li, Hong-Sheng,Kong, Ling-Ling,Zhang, Jian,Li, Bao-Sheng,Chen, Jin-Hu,Zhu, Jian,Liu, Tong-Hai,Yin, Yong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.5

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the geometric accuracy of thoracic anatomic landmarks as target surrogates of intrapulmonary tumors for manual rigid registration during image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT). Methods: Kilovolt cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images acquired during IGRT for 29 lung cancer patients with 33 tumors, including 16 central and 17 peripheral lesions, were analyzed. We selected the "vertebrae", "carina", and "large bronchi" as the candidate surrogates for central targets, and the "vertebrae", "carina", and "ribs" as the candidate surrogates for peripheral lesions. Three to six pairs of small identifiable markers were noted in the tumors for the planning CT and Day 1 CBCT. The accuracy of the candidate surrogates was evaluated by comparing the distances of the corresponding markers after manual rigid matching based on the "tumor" and a particular surrogate. Differences between the surrogates were assessed using 1-way analysis of variance and post hoc least-significant-difference tests. Results: For central targets, the residual errors increased in the following ascending order: "tumor", "bronchi", "carina", and "vertebrae"; there was a significant difference between "tumor" and "vertebrae" (p = 0.010). For peripheral diseases, the residual errors increased in the following ascending order: "tumor", "rib", "vertebrae", and "carina"; There was a significant difference between "tumor" and "carina" (p = 0.005). Conclusions: The "bronchi" and "carina" are the optimal surrogates for central lung targets, while "rib" and "vertebrae" are the optimal surrogates for peripheral lung targets for manual matching of online and planned tumors.