Presence of <i>Borrelia</i> spp. DNA in ticks, but absence of <i>Borrelia</i> spp. and of <i>Leptospira</i> spp. DNA in blood of fever patients in Madagascar

Hagen, Ralf Matthias,Frickmann, Hagen,Ehlers, Julian,Krü,ger, Andreas,Margos, Gabriele,Hizo-Teufel, Cecilia,Fingerle, Volker,Rakotozandrindrainy, Raphael,Kalckreuth, Vera von,Im, Justin,Pak, Gi De Elsevier 2018 Acta tropica Vol.177 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The occurrence of tick-borne relapsing fever and leptospirosis in humans in Madagascar remains unclear despite the presence of their potential vectors and reservoir hosts.</P> <P>We screened 255 <I>Amblyomma variegatum</I> ticks and 148 <I>Rhipicephalus microplus</I> ticks from Zebu cattle in Madagascar for <I>Borrelia</I>-specific DNA. <I>Borrelia</I> spp. DNA was detected in 21 <I>Amblyomma variegatum</I> ticks and 2 <I>Rhipicephalus microplus</I> ticks. One <I>Borrelia</I> found in one <I>Rhipicephalus microplus</I> showed close relationship to <I>Borrelia theileri</I> based on genetic distance and phylogenetic analyses on 16S rRNA and <I>flaB</I> sequences. The borreliae from <I>Amblyomma variegatum</I> could not be identified due to very low quantities of present DNA reflected by high cycle threshold values in real-time-PCR. It is uncertain whether these low numbers of <I>Borrelia</I> spp. are sufficient for transmission of infection from ticks to humans.</P> <P>In order to determine whether spirochaete infections are relevant in humans, blood samples of 1009 patients from the highlands of Madagascar with fever of unknown origin were screened for <I>Borrelia</I> spp. − and in addition for <I>Leptospira</I> spp. − by real-time PCR. No target DNA was detected, indicating a limited relevance of these pathogens for humans in the highlands of Madagascar.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>Borrelia</I> spp. DNA was detected in <I>Amblyomma (A.) variegatum</I> ticks and <I>Rhipicephalus (R.) microplus</I> ticks in Madagascar. </LI> <LI> DNA of a <I>Borrelia (B.) theileri</I>-related borreliae was detected in <I>R. microplus</I> for the first time in Madagascar. </LI> <LI> Only low amounts of <I>Borrelia</I> spp. DNA were detected in the assessed ticks, indicating low numbers of organisms and indicating an at the most limited risk of transmission to humans. </LI> <LI> <I>Borrelia</I> spp. DNA was absent in the blood of fever patients from the highlands in Madagascar. </LI> <LI> <I>Leptospira</I> (<I>L.</I>) spp. DNA was absent in the blood of fever patients from the highlands in Madagascar. </LI> </UL> </P>

Increased detection of invasive enteropathogenic bacteria in pre-incubated blood culture materials by real-time PCR in comparison with automated incubation in Sub-Saharan Africa

Frickmann, Hagen,Dekker, Denise,Boahen, Kennedy,Acquah, Samuel,Sarpong, Nimako,Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw,Schwarz, Norbert G.,May, Jü,rgen,Marks, Florian,Poppert, Sven,Wiemer, Dorothea F.,Hagen, Ralf M. Informa Healthcare 2013 Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases Vol.45 No.8

<P><I>Background:</I> Invasive enteropathogenic bacteria can cause systemic infections. Data from studies with PCR detection suggest, at least for Salmonella enterica, that blood culture may lead to underestimation in the tropics. Corresponding data are lacking for other invasive enteropathogenic bacteria. We compared classical blood culture and molecular methods for the diagnosis of blood infections. <I>Methods:</I> A real-time multiplex PCR for Salmonella spp., Shigella spp./entero- invasive Escherichia coli (EIEC), Yersinia spp., and Campylobacter jejuni was applied to 2321 retained blood culture samples from Ghanaian patients, after enrichment by automated culture. <I>Results:</I> PCR detected Salmonella DNA in 56 out of 58 pre-incubated Ghanaian blood cultures with growth of S. enterica. In 2 samples molecular diagnosis was only possible after 1:10 dilution. Twenty-two samples negative by blood culture and 1 positive with Micrococcus spp. were PCR-positive for Salmonella spp. In addition, 3 Shigella spp./EIEC, 2 Yersinia spp., and 1 C. jejuni were detected by PCR but not by culture growth. <I>Conclusions:</I> Real-time PCR was more sensitive in identifying invasive enteropathogenic bacteria than automated blood culture, which is hampered by a lack of evidence-based standardization of pre-analytic conditions in the tropics. Primary agar culture and Gram-staining prior to automated blood culture is advisable in cases where transportation times are long.</P>

무엇이 독일을 단결시키는가?

Hagen Schulze,이주영 전북사학회 1999 전북사학 Vol.21ㆍ22 No.-

Automated Driving-System Architecture

Hagen Boehmert 한국자동차공학회 2018 한국자동차공학회 Workshop Vol.2018 No.7

The Authoritarian Legacy and the Challenge of Labor Reform in South Korea in the Age of Globalization

Hagen Koo 동아대학교 동아시아연구원 2004 동아시아 : 비교와 전망 Vol.2 No.-

South Korea’s labor regime is often characterized by volatility, militancy, and uncompromising confrontations. This paper explains the origins of such confrontational labor relations during the authoritarian period and examines what challenges South Korea faces in searching for a more mature and productive industrial relations system in the age of globalization. The analysis is focused on Korea’s effort for crafting a social compact among labor, capital, and the state, a grand social agenda that emerged in the aftermath of the Asian financial crisis in 1997-98. The paper argues that major obstacles to crafting a viable social compact derive from the historically formed habits, orientations, and behavioral pattern, as well as from the organizational and institutional limitations shaped under the authoritarian labor regime. 한국의 노동체제는 극히 불안정하고 과격하며 비타협적인 대결로 흔히 특징 지워진다. 이 논문은 이렇게 불안정한 노동관계가 권위주의적 노동통제하에서 발달한 과정을 설명하고 세계화 시대에서 좀더 성숙하고 생산적인 노사관계를 모색하는데 한국이 직면한 문제들을 분석한다. 이 글의 초점은 한국이 1997-98년 외환위기 이후 중요한 사회적 의제로 등장한 사회적 합의제도를 이룩해 내는데 따르는 문제점들이다. 이 글의 주요 논지는 성공적인 사회적 합의제도를 성취하는데 가장 큰 장애로 작용하는 요인들은 현재의 노사관계를 지배하는 조직적 제도적 제약들과 더불어 권위주의 정권하에서 역사적으로 배태된 노사 양측의 습관, 행동양식, 가치지향에 있다는 것이다.

Was halt Deutschland zusammen?

Hagen Schulze 전북사학회 1999 전북사학 Vol.21ㆍ22 No.-

Rethinking Working-Class Formation in South Korea

Hagen KOO The Academy of Korean Studies 2019 Korea Journal Vol.59 No.1

Developing a local research strategy for city logistics on an academic campus

Thomas Hagen Zunder,Paulus Teguh Aditjandra,Bruce Carnaby 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2014 도시과학국제저널 Vol.18 No.2

This paper investigates the relative suitability of data and methodologies to assess the determinants of urban freight activity, based on a case study that has been carried out in a city centre university campus, in a medium-sized British city. Data, from procurement/purchasing and traffic surveys, have been used to set a baseline model of freight activity in the development of Delivery and Servicing Plans. A focused literature review of urban freight studies has been completed, in order to address identified urban freight challenges in meeting sustainability objectives. The study demonstrates imperfect data and raises questions that identify new research opportunities with new data collection, including focus group interviews, staff questionnaires, and stated preference surveys. These and other methodologies are identified to address the data gap, in order to develop a localized research strategy adapted to a local campus sustainability initiative.

Emerging Class Order and Social Conflict in South Korea

KOO, Hagen Center for International Studies, Inha University 1987 Pacific Focus Vol.2 No.2

세계화 시대의 한국 계급 연구를 위한 이론적 모색

구해근(Koo Hagen) 비판사회학회 2007 경제와 사회 Vol.- No.76

이 논문의 목적은 현재 한국 사회에 새로 형성되고 있는 계급 구조와 계급 역학을 적절하게 분석할 수 있는 새로운 계급 분석 틀을 모색하는 데 있다. 그러기 위해서 이 논문은 우선 최근 서구의 계급이론 동향을 검토한 후 그를 바탕으로 한국의 계급 현상을 체계적으로 연구하기 위해 구조적인 접근과 과정적인 접근을 같이 해야 할 것을 강조한다. 계급을 구조적으로 분석하는 데 있어서 이 논문은 계급 위치를 개인이 소유한 자원의 앙과 종류로 접근하는 베버와 부르디외적 방법과 이런 자원의 분배와 힘(power)의 관계를 정치경제학적 맥락에서 접근하는 마르크스적 이론을 통합하는 접근방법을 제시한다. 그 다음 논문의 초점은 세계화 과정이 어떻게 한국의 계급 구조와 계급 행위에 영향을 미치는가에 맞추어져 있다. 급속도로 세계화하고 있는 한국 사회에서 계급 구조에 나타나는 가장 중요한 변화는 계급의 분절화와 재구성이다. 계급의 분절화는 상류계급, 중간계급, 노동자 계급의 3대 계급 내에 생기는 내부 분화를 의미한다. 그리고 계급 재구성은 이렇게 분절화한 계급 집단 또는 계급 분파가 세계화 과정 속에서 계급적 프리빌리지(privilege)를 가진 집단과 갖지 못한 집단으로 양분되며 그 두 집단 간에 사회적ㆍ문화적 차이가 날로 확대되는 추세를 의미한다. 세계화는 계급 행위와 계급전략이 행해지는 장과 기회 구조를 확대하고 그에 따라서 계급의 불평등을 심화시키고 재생산시키는 기제로 작용한다. 마지막으로 이 논문은 현재 한국 사회에서 논쟁거리인 사회 양극화와 중산층 몰락 문제를 다룬다. 이 논문의 주장은 한국의 중산층은 단순히 몰락했거나 현상유지되고 있다기보다 내부 분화를 통해 그 사회적 존재가 심각하게 변형되는 과정을 겪고 있다는 것이다. 중산층이 내부 분화를 하면서 과거와 다른 형태의 이질성이 증대되었고 사회적 상승 이동보다는 하향 이동의 위험성이 높아짐으로써 과거의 사회통합적ㆍ사회계약적 기능을 잃게 되었다는 것이다. The purpose of this article is to develop a new analytical framework for the analysis of the emerging class structure in South Korea in the age of globalization. I first review the major trend of class theories in the West and advocate an integrated approach, looking at class both as a structure and as a process. In analyzing class as a structure, I propose to combine Bourdieu’s approach of defining class in terms of the ownership of three different forms of capital and the political economic framework of understanding the structural context and power relations in the distribution of these resources. Next, the focus of the article is on the ways globalization impacts the class structure and class process in South Korea. I argue that the most important class structural change in South Korea today is the fragmentation and recomposition of the class structure. By fragmentation I mean internal division that develops within the three major class categories that had been formed during the period of South Korea’s rapid industrialization. By recomposition I refer to the processes in which fragmented classes are becoming regrouped into the privileged and the disprivileged groups in the globalization process and the gaps between the two groups are becoming widened in the social and cultural dimensions. Globalization widens the arena and the opportunity structure of the ways class practices and class reproduction strategies are exercised and thus acts as a major mechanism of deepening class inequality. Finally, I discuss the issues of social polarization and the collapse of the middle class in Korea. Based on a critical review of the Korean literature on the issues, I argue that it would be too simplistic to argue that the Korean middle class has either collapsed or remains intact. My contention is that the Korean middle class has become transmuted by internal division, especially between the affluent upper middle class and the mainstream middle class, and by great vulnerability experienced by the downwardly mobile segments of the middle class. Consequently, I argue that the present Korean middle class is no longer able to function as a basis of social integration or a social contract that it used to perform during the past decades of economic development.