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Determinants of the Labor Force Participation of Married Female Employees in Japan
HaeSun Bae 대한일어일문학회 2014 일어일문학 Vol.61 No.-
This paper examines the characteristics of employment patterns observed among the female employees and analyzes the determinants of labor force participation of married female employees. Even though the Japanese female employee rate is increasing over time, many women leave their work place for child birth and child-rearing, and rejoin the work force as part-time workers after the burden of child-rearing has reduced. This explains one of the main reasons why the female labor force participation rate of Japan reveals an M-shaped curve. In cross-section analysis regarding the determinants of the female labor force participation, we used the data of the married female employee rate as the dependent variable. The ‘Female Wage Rate’ and ‘Industrial Structure’ variables showed a positive effect, while the ‘Income of Household’, ‘Children Number’ and ‘Unemployment Rate’ variables showed a negative effect on the labor force participation of married female employees. Particularly, the ‘Income of Household’ variable is one of the important influences on a married woman’s decision whether or not to participate in the labor market. Married female employees in Japan have a tendency to work as secondary workers in their family. As the husband’s income is higher, the employee rate of wives is lower. In addition, balancing child-care and work is still problematic to married female employees. Seventy percent of female employees leave the work place after their first child is born, while only 30 percent of them continue to work.
A Trend Analysis on Nursing Leadership in Korea
Haesun Lee,Sangwoo Park,Na Bee Yoon,Kyung Hee Lee 한국간호과학회 2021 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
Aim(s): Nursing leadership has been highlighted as essential competency throughout healthcare system for improving healthcare quality and patient outcomes. This study aimed to analyze trends of nursing leadership in published articles in Korean journals including leadership style and leadership measurement. Method(s): A literature search was conducted using databases including KISS, RISS, DBpia, KMbase, NAL, and NDSL from January 2011 to August 2020. Search terms were "nurse" or "nursing" and "leadership". A total of 64 studies were reviewed. Leadership style of the studies was categorized according to McEwen and Wills"s classification. Result(s): Most of studies were conducted in hospital setting (96.9%) and quantitative studies accounted for 96.9%. Most frequent leadership style was authentic leadership (26.7%); unit manager accounted for 70.1% of the subject of leadership. The commonly used leadership measures were Authentic Leadereship Questionnaire for authentic leadership (n=18), Multi-factor Leadership Questionnaire for transformational leadership (n=16) and transactional leadership (n=6), and Servant Organizatioanl Leadership Assessment for servant leadership (n=7). The individual factors related to leadership were organizational commitment, followed by job satisfaction and turnover intention. An organizational factor related to leadership was nursing performance outcome, followed by teamwork. Conclusion(s): The findings of this review suggest nursing leadership has critical role to improve both individual and organizational outcomes. Future studies are needed to conduct in various settings including community and to examine ralationship between nursing leadership and nursing quality related variables such as patient safety and turnover rates. In addition, development of measurment focused on unique nursing leadership traits would be recommended to accurateluy measure nursing leadership.
Haesun Yun,Sangkyoo Paik,Ilsup Kim,Ho-Yong Sohn,Ingnyol Jin 한국생명과학회 2002 Journal of Life Science Vol.12 No.2
Saccharomyces cerevisiae KNU5377 (KNU5377) and S. cerevisiae ATCC24858 (ATCC24858) were exposed to H₂SO₄ as a stress, which was added at various conto a YPD media. The growth of KNU5377 was reduced to approximately 60% in the YPD media containing 40 mM sulfuric acid when compared to the non-stressed condition. When their growth was monitored during an overculture, two strains, KNU5377 and ATCC24858, could not grow when exposed to over 50 mM of sulfuric acid. After a short exposure to this acid for 1 h, KNU5377 exhibited stronger resistance against H₂SO₄ than ATCC24858. The neutral trehalase activity of KNU5377 unchanged despite under various concentrations of H₂SO₄. In contrast, that of ATCC24858 was much low at higher H2SO4 concentrations. Trehalose, a non-reducing disaccharide, was maximally accumulated after a short exposure to 60 mM H₂SO₄ for KNU5377, but it was reduced under more severe stressful conditions. These results suggest that KNU5377 should modulate the trehalose concentrations under the severe stress condition of high sulfuric acid concentrations. The most highly induced protein in the KNU5377 exposed to sulfuric acid was found to be an approximately 23 kDa protein, which was revealed to be the 60S large subunit ribosomal protein, LB, by FAST A search results.
Female Employees Labor Supply in Korea and Japan
Haesun Bae(배해선) 동아시아일본학회 2014 일본문화연구 Vol.0 No.49
The Female labor force participation rate by age group in Korea and Japan shows an M-shaped curve, however, there is a difference in the employment structure of females in both countries. The M-shaped curve, in Japan, is caused by a high employee rate of the younger age group and a high employee rate of middle-aged group who rejoin the labor force after child rearing. On the other hand, in Korea, it is caused by the mixture of a high employee rate of the younger age group and high self-employed and family worker rates of the middle-aged and elderly group. We cannot expect the same estimated results that are suggested in theory when we analyze with the FLR as the dependent variable in cross section analyses because the employment structure of the female is different in both countries. As the theoretical discussions of female labor supply focused on the female married employee who has the burden of house chores and child rearing while working, the focus of our cross section analysis in this paper is limited to the female employee of the 25-54 age group as a dependent variable, confirms the estimated results for Korea and Japan.
변해선(Haesun Byun),이미정(Meejeong Lee) 한국정보과학회 2005 정보과학회논문지 : 정보통신 Vol.32 No.4
성형(Star) VPN(Virtual Private Network) 구조에서는 통신하는 두 CPE(Customer Premise Equipment) VPN GW(Gateway) 간 발생하는 트래픽이 항상 Center VPN GW를 거쳐서 전송되므로 비효율적인 트래픽 전송이 이루어진다. 또한 Center VPN GW에서의 패킷 프로세싱으로 인한 과부하도 발생한다. 이를 해결하기 방안으로 IPSec(IP Security)의 IKE(Internet Key Exchange) 메커니즘을 이용하여 통신하는 두 CPE VPN GW 간 직접터널을 설립할 수 있으나 이 경우에는 터널 설립 및 관리가 복잡하고 오버헤드가 크다. 이에 본 논문에서는 통신하는 CPE VPN GW 간에 자동적으로 직접터널을 설립할 수 있게 하는 SVOT(Star VPN On-demand Tunnel) 방안을 제안한다. SVOT 방안에서는 CPE VPN GW가 트래픽 모니터링 정보를 기반으로 직접터널을 설립할 것인지를 판단한다. CPE VPN GW는 Center VPN GW로부터 터널 설립에 필요한 제반정보들을 제공받아 상대 CPE VPN GW와 직접터널을 설립한다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안하는 방안에 대하여 성능을 조사하였고, 이와 함께 기본적으로 Center VPN GW를 통하여 모든 트래픽이 전송되는 성형 VPN 구조, 모든 CPE VPN GW간 풀-메시(Full-mesh)로 터널 연결 정보를 유지하고 있는 풀-메시 VPN 구조와 성능을 비교하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 제안하는 SVOT 방안이 기본적인 성형 VPN 구조에 비해 확장성과 트래픽 전송효율성, Center VPN GW의 과부하를 방지하는 측면에서 우수한 성능을 보이면서 종단간 지연 및 처리율에 있어서는 풀-메시VPN 구조와 거의 비슷한 성능을 보임을 확인할 수 있었다. In the star VPN (Virtual Private Network) topology, the traffic between the communicating two CPE(Customer Premise Equipment) VPN GW(Gateway)s may be inefficiently transferred. Also, the Center VPN GW may experience the overload due to excessive packet processing overhead. As a solution to this problem, a direct tunnel can be established between the communicating two CPE VPN GWs using the IKE (Internet Key Exchange) mechanism of IPSec(IP Security). In this case, however, the tunnel establishment and management may be complicated. In this paper, we propose a mechanism called 'SVOT (Star VPN On-demand Tunnel)', which automatically establishes a direct tunnel between the communicating CPE VPN GWs based on demand. In the SVOT scheme, CPE VPN GWs determine whether it will establish a direct tunnel or not depending on the traffic information monitored. CPE VPN GW requests the information that is necessary to establishes a direct tunnel to the Center VPN GW. Through a simulation, we investigate the performance of the scheme performs better than the SVST scheme with respect to scalability, traffic efficiency and overhead of Center VPN GW, while it shows similar performance to the FVST with respect to end-to-end delay and throughput.