A Comparative Analysis of Government Responses to COVID-19 in the United States, China, and South Korea: Lessons from the Early Stage of the Pandemic

Haeil Jung(Haeil Jung),Ki Woong Cho(Ki Woong Cho),Kaifeng Yang(Kaifeng Yang),Sun Young Kim(Sun Young Kim),Yihong Liu(Yihong Liu) 한국학술연구원 2023 Korea Observer Vol.54 No.1

COVID-19 has spread quickly worldwide, presenting unprecedented challenges to countries all over the globe. To understand how different countries have responded to COVID-19 during the early stage of the outbreak, we develop a comprehensive research framework drawing on the literature on wicked problems. Specifically, we comparatively investigate the government responses of the United States, China, and South Korea and examine why and how these countries have adopted and implemented various strategies authoritative, collaborative, and competitive — —depending on their policy environment. Although scholars have argued that collaborative strategies are the preferred approach to dealing with wicked problems, it is found that the most applicable, implementable, and effective strategies vary according to the country's cultural, economic, and political contexts. In addition, the urgency and timing of the crisis may affect the choice of appropriate strategies. Our findings can provide lessons for public administration and policy to cope with other wicked problems.

An fMRI Study of L2 Processing of Korean Scrambling by Native E nglish Speakers

Haeil Park(Haeil Park) 한국영어학학회 2024 영어학연구 Vol.30 No.1

This study investigates neural correlates of L2 sentence comprehension, focusing on a particular syntactic operation of Korean scrambling and using a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Korean scrambled sentences known to undergo syntactic movement are presented to native English speakers who are highly proficient in L2 Korean in a visual comprehension task and compared to carefully matched control sentences. I found that scrambled sentences as compared with canonical sentences elicited increased activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus(or Broca’s area) and dorsal prefrontal cortex, which was consistent with a previous study utilizing a native Japanese visual comprehension task. This finding suggests that increased proficiency leads to native-like syntactic processing.

Age-related differences in the perception of Korean laryngeal contrasts

Haeil Park 한국음운론학회 2010 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.16 No.1

This study aims to investigate whether there is any difference in the neural correlate of the comprehension of Korean laryngeal contrasts between younger and older Korean adults, and more specifically, to test if the increasingly popular “tonogenesis” hypothesis that Koreans may be undergoing a shift in Korean stop system can be supported by the neural findings of the present study. Five younger and five older Koreans were scanned while performing the auditory identification task of word-initial stops. The fMRI results revealed that there is a significant difference in activation between younger and older subjects. Specific activities unique to younger speakers were observed in the right Superior Temporal Gyrus, an area of the brain associated with pitch perception, while those unique to older speakers in the left Superior Temporal Gyrus, an area responsible for Voice Onset Time (VOT) perception. The results of this study uphold the claim that the laryngeal contrasts of Korean are increasingly distinguished less by VOT differences than by their effect on pitch in the following vowel.

The effect of reverse channel composed of competing firms in closed-loop supply chains

Haeil Ahn 한국경영과학회 2009 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.5

This paper deals with a problem of channel design and profit gains evaluation in reverse logistics chain composed of two or more firms competing on quantity of a product of a kind, where the firms like manufacturers or retailers act as leaders or followers in an industry. The models are developed under the assumption that the firms are engaging in quantity competition rather than price competition.

The effect of reverse channel composed of competing firms in closed-loop supply chains

Haeil Ahn 대한산업공학회 2009 대한산업공학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.5

This paper deals with a problem of channel design and profit gains evaluation in reverse logistics chain composed of two or more firms competing on quantity of a product of a kind, where the firms like manufacturers or retailers act as leaders or followers in an industry. The models are developed under the assumption that the firms are engaging in quantity competition rather than price competition.

Prison Work-Release Programs and Incarcerated Women`s Labor Market Outcomes

( Haeil Jung ),( Robert Lalonde ) 한국정책학회 2016 한국정책학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.-

This paper examines whether the work-release program (called Adult Transition Centers) from Illinois prisons increases women`s earnings and employment. Given that a majority of women assigned to the program do not parole successfully from the ATC, but are forced to return to prison before being released, we study separately ATC parolees and ATC dropouts. Using a large matched administrative data base, we find that loger time in an ATC increases the total earnings and the probability of being employed during the time in an ATC, for both ATC parolees and dropouts. Furthermore, ATC parolees had large and statistically significant increases on their earnings and employment rates, during the two years after incarceration. However, ATC dropouts had little improvement in their post-incarceration earnings or employment rates. We discuss human capital accumulation and selection in an ATC.

The brains of speech experts and non-experts compared : An fMRI investigation of phonological processing

Haeil Park 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2016 언어연구 Vol.33 No.3

The present study aims to investigate whether there are distinctions in language-related brain function between speech experts and control subjects, and if so, how the functional reorganization or plasticity of the brain plays out in learning speech skills. Here, we used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to compare cerebral activity patterns associated with phonological perception in announcers and non-announcers during the task of identifying three-way Korean laryngeal contrasts. The results show that there are significant differences in neural activity pattern between the two groups. In particular, the announcer group, as compared to the control group, showed less activation in the regions associated with phonological perception: the left superior temporal gyrus, the primary sensorimotor cortex including pre- and post-central gyrus and the supramarginal gyrus (SMG). These findings provide evidence for neuroplasticity after learning language skills in a way that a continuing verbal training results in a greater language processing efficiency, thereby inducing less amount of activation in language-related regions. (Kyung Hee University)

Axial Composite Design for the Experiments with Replicate Runs at Design Points

Haeil Ahn(안해일) 한국경영과학회 2015 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.4

반응표면(response surface)계획법의 주요 주제중의 하나인 중심합성계획 (central composite design; CCD) 법은 현재 안정되게 운영되고 있는 공정의 개선 가능성을 탐색 하는데 유용한 수단이 다. CCD 모형에서 직교성 (orthogonality)의 개념은 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 일반적으로 CCD 에서의 설계점 들은 요인점 (factorial points), 축점 (axial points), 중심점 (center points) 등으로 구성되는데 현재 알려진 CCD 모형에서는 중심점을 제외하고는 반복실험이 허용되지 않고 있다. 하지만 실제로는 반복실험이 필수적으로 수반되어야 하는 경우가 있다. 또한 CCD 의 경우 중심점에서의 반복수가 크면 클수록 축점의 중심으로부터의 거리를 나타내는 상수(α)값이 커져 축점이 중심으로부터 점차 멀어지게 되고 중심점에서의 반복실험을 배제할 수 없다. 본 연구에서는 요인점 보다 축점에서의 실험 반복수를 증가시키면 α 값을 중심에 가까이 위치시킬 수 있는 직교설계가 가능하며 일반화 회귀모형이나 로지스틱 회귀모형에서도 CCD 와 같은 반복있는 중심합성계획 (CCD-R) 또는 설계중심 (Design Center) 을 제외한 반복 있는 축점합성계획 (ACD-R)도 가능하다는 연구결과를 제시하고자 한다.

Incremental Effect Modeling of Categorical Data Using Logistic Regression

Haeil Ahn 한국산업경영시스템학회 2014 한국산업경영시스템학회 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.춘계

In this paper, we have considered the modeling and analyses of categorical data. We modeled binary data with categorical predictors, using logistic regression to develop a statistical method. We found that ANOVA-type analyses often performed unsatisfactory, even when using arcsine-square-root transformations. We concluded that such methods are not appropriate, especially in cases where the fractions were close to 0 or 1. The logistic transformation of fraction data could be a promising alternative, but it is not desirable in the statistical sense. The major purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that logistic regression with an ANOVA-model like parameterization aids our understanding and provides a somewhat different, but sound, statistical background. We examined a simple real-world example to show that we can efficiently test the significance of regression parameters, look for interactions, estimate confidence intervals, and calculate the difference between the mean values of the referent and experimental subgroups. This paper demonstrates that precise confidence interval estimates can be obtained using the proposed ANOVA-model like approach. The method discussed here can be extended to any type of fraction data analysis, particularly for experimental design.

The Production of English Lexical Levels: An fMRI Study

Haeil Park 한신대학교 신학사상연구소 2012 신학사상 Vol.0 No.158

The present study aimed to investigate whether and, if so, how the production of English lexical levels is differentially processed in the brain using an functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging(fMRI) technique. Native English speakers’ word generation task involving level 1 suffixed words and level 2 suffixed ones elicited greater effects in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the left superior temporal gyrus (STG) in the production of level 2 words relative to their level 1 counterparts while the left IFG was not activated for the level 1 forms. Given that the left IFG is known for its role in a rule-based, morphological analysis and the STG plays an important part in lexical retrieval, the results suggest that level 2 words are produced through a recognition of their stem + suffix configuration, while level 1 words are generated as a whole with little access to their internal structure, consistent with the dual-system (OS) model. These are also comparable to our previous perception study results, which lends support to the Motor Theory of Speech Perception postulating that perception mirrors production.