Na₂S 하부층을 이용한 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 광흡수층의 저온증착 및 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 박막태양전지에의 응용

신해나라(Hae Na Ra Shin),신영민(Young Min Shin),김지혜(Ji Hye Kim),윤재호(Jae Ho Yun),박병국(Byung Kook Park),안병태(Byung Tae Ahn) 한국태양광발전학회 2014 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.2 No.1

High-efficiency in Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) solar cells were usually achieved on soda-lime glass substrates due to Na incorporation that reduces deep-level defects. However, this supply of sodium from sodalime glass to CIGS through Mo back electrode could be limited at low deposition temperature. Na content could be more precisely controlled by supplying Na from known amount of an outside source. For the purpose, an Na₂S layer was deposited on Mo electrode prior to CIGS film deposition and supplied to CIGS during CIGS film. With the Na₂S underlayer a more uniform component distribution was possible at 350°C and efficiency was improved compared to the cell without Na₂S layer. With more precise control of bulk and surface component profile, CIGS film can be deposited at low temperature and could be useful for flexible CIGS solar cells.

Na₂S 하부층을 이용한 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 광흡수층의 저온증착 및 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 박막태양전지에의 응용

신해나라,신영민,김지혜,윤재호,박병국,안병태,Shin, Hae Na Ra,Shin, Young Min,Kim, Ji Hye,Yun, Jae Ho,Park, Byung Kook,Ahn, Byung Tae 한국태양광발전학회 2014 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.2 No.1

High-efficiency in $Cu(In,Ga)Se_2$ (CIGS) solar cells were usually achieved on soda-lime glass substrates due to Na incorporation that reduces deep-level defects. However, this supply of sodium from sodalime glass to CIGS through Mo back electrode could be limited at low deposition temperature. Na content could be more precisely controlled by supplying Na from known amount of an outside source. For the purpose, an $Na_2S$ layer was deposited on Mo electrode prior to CIGS film deposition and supplied to CIGS during CIGS film. With the $Na_2S$ underlayer a more uniform component distribution was possible at $350^{\circ}C$ and efficiency was improved compared to the cell without $Na_2S$ layer. With more precise control of bulk and surface component profile, CIGS film can be deposited at low temperature and could be useful for flexible CIGS solar cells.

Characteristics of Cytosolic Calcium-Independent Phospholipase A2 Isolated from Rat Liver

Na, Doe Sun,Park, Young Min,Rhee, Hae Jin,Won, Jong Hak 생화학분자생물학회 1997 BMB Reports Vol.32 No.2

A calcium-independent phospholipase A₂ (iPLA₂) was identified from the cytosolic fraction of rat liver cells. On gel filtration chromatography, the iPLA₂ activity was eluted as broad peaks of 150 to 500 kDa. The enzyme was maximally active at pH 7.5, retained 75% of its original activity after heating at 50℃ for 5 h, and was inhibited by Ca^(2+), Mg^(2+), and Zn^(2+) ions, but was not affected by Na+ and K+ ions. The enzymatic activity was increased up to 150% by 1 to 4 mM DTT and was inhibited up to 25% by 0.1 to 1 mM PMSF. The iPLA₂ activity had preference for the head group of phospholipass, where phosphatidylethanolamine was preferred to phosphatidylcholine. The results suggest that the iPLA₂ may be a novel enzyme distinct from the previously reported iPLA₂s.

습식혼합에 의한 리튬망간 산화물의 합성과 리튬이온 제거특성

유해나(Hae-Na You),이동환(Dong-Hwan Lee),이민규(Min-Gyn Lee) 한국청정기술학회 2013 청정기술 Vol.19 No.4

본 연구에서는 탄산리튬과 탄산망간을 사용하여 습식혼합방법으로 스피넬 리튬망간 산화물(LMO)을 합성하였다. 합성한 리튬망간 산화물의 물리적인 특성은 X-선 회절 분석기(X-ray diffraction, XRD)와 주사전자현미경(scanning electron microscopy, SEM) 사용하여 분석하였다. 회분식 실험을 통해 LMO의 리튬이온에 대한 흡착특성을 살펴보았다. Langmuir 흡착 등온식으로부터 구한 리튬의 최대흡착량은 27.21 mg/g였다. LMO는 뛰어난 리튬 이온체의 특성을 가지고 있었으며, Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> < K<SUP>+</SUP> < Na<SUP>+</SUP><Mg2+ < Li<SUP>+</SUP> 순서로 분배계수(Kd)가 나타나 해수로부터 리튬을 회수하는데 용이할 것으로 사료된다. In this paper, the wet mixing method was introduced to prepare spinel lithium manganese oxide (LMO) with Li₂CO₃ and MnCO₃. The physical properties of the resulting lithium manganese oxide were characterized by the XRD and SEM. The adsorption properties of LMO for Li+ were investigated by batch methods. The maximum adsorption capacity of lithium was calculated from Langmuir isotherm and found to be 27.25 mg/g. The LMO are found to have a remarkable lithium ion-sieve property with distribution coefficients (Kd) in the order of Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> < K<SUP>+</SUP> < Na<SUP>+</SUP> < Mg<SUP>2+</SUP> < Li<SUP>+</SUP>, which is promising in the lithium extraction from seawater.

「紅樓夢」에 나타난 人物 服裝의 象徵性 意味 : 人物 性格을 중심으로

羅海燕,全惠淑 東亞大學校 附設 生活科學硏究所 1996 생활과학연구 논문집 Vol.4 No.-

Literary works expressed by means of their sole medium, so called human language, are the demonstration of culture or custom of human life. So we can find the stream of the epoch of those who lived in the specified days. In a literary work, its characters' costume is indispensible part to understanding it, plays an important part of expressing their personal states indirectly, and shows the days mood and cultural backgrounds. 「Dream of the Red Chamber」 written by Cho Sol-Keun(曺雪芹) called one of the best China writer in the Ch'ing Dynasty(18C). In this work, the symobolic means of its Character's costume are as follow: 1, According to Gabo-ok's expressions, the typical costume of early Ch'ing Dynasty and clothing of the aristocratic class play a socionormal role, and the clothing behavior like putting off cloth shows the intention to escape from the social oppression. 2. In Sulbo-chase and Limade-ok's costume, the costume factors of pattern, material, color, etc render us to recognize the contrary life of two women. 3. The Wanghee-bong's accessaries, the flashness of clothing and the color show the search for beauty and the symbolic meaning of economic wealth in that time. 4, Through the color of the vest which the maid Sub-in wear on her jacket(오),and skirt(裙), we can find out Sinocentralism of the Chinese, And the repairing of the maid Chung-mun's Jakumgu(작금구) and the symbols of her nail and under jacket are a sign of resistant will. In the consequence, Clothing factor such as design, color, material, texture are regarded as transmission of style but forming a costume symbolize the compound meaning.

실시간 홀로그래픽 간섭법을 이용한 삼차원적 미소변형의 측정

나상훈,정해양 경희대학교 자연과학종합연구원 1995 자연과학논문집 Vol.1 No.-

Three dimensional deformation of a cantilever steel plate under the bending stress is measured quantitatively by a real time holographic interferometric system using liquid gate. Quantitative data were taken by the interference fringe order counting in conjunction with the computer image processing. The experimental data show good agreement in comparison with theoretical analysis.

느릅나무 근피 드레싱이 쥐에 유발된 화상의 회복에 미치는 효과

나연경,홍해숙 대한기초간호자연과학회 2005 Journal of korean biological nursing science Vol.7 No.1

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of Ulmus(root-bark) dressing with vaseline gauze dressing on burn wound(third degree) in rats. Method : Ten male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study. The rats were anesthetized with Ketamine 100mg/kg. Burn wounds were made for each animal by specially designed apparatus. Ulmus dressing was applied once a day for 4 weeks in the experimental group(n=5), vaseline gauze dressing in the control group(n=5). The wounds were photographed and excised. Result : After 10 days of dressing, size of burn wounds of Ulmus dressing group decreased significantly compared to that of vaseline gauze dressing group. After 10 days of dressing, degree of inflammatory infiltration was shown lower in Ulmus dressing than in vaseline gauze group. There was no significant difference after dressing at day of 19 and 27 in degree of inflammatory infiltration.

이중언어자에서 보인 두 형태의 실어증 : 증례보고 A Case Report

나해리,이정욱,박성민,박수열,권순용,이현정 대한치매학회 2004 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.3 No.2

Since many people in Korea know more than one language, bilingual aphasia is an important line of research in clinical and theoretical neurolinguistics. Nowadays we meet many people who speak other languages along with Korean, who are immigrants from foreign countries, especially from China. Differential recovery of language affected by an aphasic deficit is documented. In the present work, we introduced a patient with bilingual aphasia who showed different recovery patterns in Korean and Chinese. A 66-year-old man was presented with language disturbance and right hemiplegia. On past medical history, he had received a hematoma evacuation through burr-hole due to left basal ganglia hemorrhage. After the event, he showed nearly global aphasia in Korean, but he showed minimally preserved language function on comprehension and fluency in Chinese. This result suggests that aphasia in bilingual subject may show different pat-terns of recovery between two languages.

식이 ω3 지방 섭취가 발달과정의 흰쥐 뇌지질에 미치는 영향

나혜경,조성희 대구효성가톨릭대학교 응용과학연구소 1993 응용과학연구논문집 Vol.2 No.-

식이 ω3지방 섭취가 발달과정의 뇌지질 지방산 축적에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 ω3지방산이 다량 함유된 고등어유, 들깨유와 비교군으로 콩기름, 쇠기름, 채종유의 5종류의 식이지방을 식이중에 10%로 제조하여 섭취게 한 후 태아, 수유, 이유기를 거치는 동안의 뇌지질 지방산 구성변화를 추적하고 cholesterol 함량과 acetylcholinesterase활성을 측정하였다. 그 결과 뇌조직 지방산중 포화와 불포화지방산은 모두 지속적으로 축적되며 C18:2(ω6)나 C18:3(ω3)같은 short-chain 전구체의 비율은 상대적으로 감소되는 반면 그 long chain유도체의 비율은 증가하여 정량적으로 축적되었다. 특히 C22:6(ω3)의 축적이 타지방산에 비해 많으며 고등어유군에서 계속 높은 경향으로 이는 C20-22 (ω3)지방산의 incoproation율이 타 식이지방의 주요지방산보다 뚜렷이 높음을 뜻한다. 반면 들깨유군에서는 C20:5(ω3)의 elongation은 활발하게 C22:6(ω3)까지의 elongation은 원할치 않다는 것을 나타낸다. Cholesterol함량과 acetycholinesterase 성분은 전 발달과정 동안에 증가하는 경향이었으며 cholesterol 함량은 고등어유군과 쇠기름군에서 높았고 acetylcholinesterase 활성은 각 군간에 큰 차이가 없었다. Male nad female Sprague-Dawley rats(~70g) were fed five different diets containing various dietary fats and at the level of 10%(w/w). Dietary fats used were mackerel oil(MO), perilla oil(PO), soybean oil(SO), repeseed oil(RO), and beef tallow(BT). After 34days of feeding experimental diets, when rats weighed about 200g, male and female rats were mated. Experimental diets were continued throughout pregnancy and lactation of female rats and weanling period of the offsprings. Fatty acid composition and cholesterol content of brain lipid were measured as well as activities of acetylcholinesterase during fetal(day-10, -5), neonate(day 0) and postnatal (day 17, 26, 39) periods. Both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids of brain lipid were progressively elongated from fetal(day-10) to postnatal(day 39). Levels of ω3, ω6 and ω9 fatty acid were notably high in MO, SO, and BT group respectively. In PO group, the level of C20:5(3ω) was higher while the level of C22:6(ω3) was almost the same, as other groups, suggesting that elongation of C18:3(ω3) to C20:5(ω3 is active but not to C22:6(ω3). On the other hand, C22:6(ω3) in MO was very well incorporated in to brain lipid as such. Cholesterol content and acetylcholinesterase activity were increased during the whole period of development. Cholesterol content was highest in MO group. However, acetylcholinesterase activities did not between groups.

직장인 음주 정의와 측정

김혜련,김한나 서울여자대학교 사회과학연구소 2012 사회과학논총 Vol.19 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 직장인 음주는 어떻게 정의하고, 어떻게 측정되어야 하는지를 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위하여 우리나라에서 이루어진 직장인 대상 음주 연구와 외국에서 이루어진 직장인 음주 연구논문들을 검토하여 보았다. 그 결과, 많은 직장인 음주 연구들이 일상적인 음주(usual drinking) 즉, ‘직장 밖에서의 음주(off-the-job drinking)’ 혹은 ‘작업무관 음주(overall drinking)’만을 측정한 경향이 있음을 발견할 수 있었다. 연구자는 직장인 음주는 ‘직장 밖에서의 음주(off-the-job drinking)’ 뿐만 아니라 ‘직장 내에서의 음주(on-the-job drinking)’ 모두 포함해서 측정해야 한다는 Frone(2004)의 주장에 동의한다. 덧붙여 연구자는 우리나라 직장인 음주를 측정할 경우에는 Frone (2004)이 주장하는 ‘직장 밖에서의 음주(off-the-job drinking)’ 뿐만 아니라 ‘직장 내에서의 음주(on-the-job drinking)’ 이외에도 음주회식을 반드시 포함해야 한다는 우리나라 직장인 음주 연구자들의 의견을 적극 수용할 필요가 있음을 언급하였다. 특히 주목되는 것은 Mangione 등(1999)의 ‘작업 중 음주(drinking on the job)’척도로 ‘직장 내에서의 음주(on-the-job drinking)’와 ‘음주회식’을 측정하는 데에 적절한 척도라고 보았다. This project in its present form is written with the purpose of reexamining the definition and measurement of employee alcohol use:how to define and measure the employee alcohol use. Current standards prevalently used in domestic and foreign documents have the tendency to be based only on "usual drinking," also known as 'off-the-job drinking'. Contrary to these standards, we agree with Frone’s argument (2004) of measuring employee alcohol use:we must take into account both on- and 'off-the-job drinking 'comprehensively. Additionally, we assert, in concurrence with many Korean alcohol researchers, that after-working hours dinners among colleagues, which are usually accompanied by drinking, should also be included in making these measurements. For measuring 'on-the-job drinking' and after-working hours drinking, we found Mangione’s method (1999) to be most appropriate. Key Words:Employee Alcohol-Use, Definition, Measurement