Voice Mismatch Meets Neurolinguistics

Gui-Sun Moon,Sun-Woong Kim,Jeong-Ah Shin,Hae-Kyung Wee,Jong Un Park,Myung-Kwan Park,Wonil Chung 현대문법학회 2018 현대문법연구 Vol.99 No.-

Gui-Sun Moon, Sun-Woong Kim, Jeong-Ah Shin, Hae-Kyung Wee, Jong Un Park, Myung-Kwan Park, and Wonil Chung. 2018. Voice Mismatch Meets Neurolinguistics. Studies in Modern Grammar 99, 85-115. This paper aims to investigate Korean advanced L2 English learners’ strategies for ellipsis resolution during sentence processing. Ellipsis resolution is known to involve several stages of information processing from the initial step of detecting an ellipsis-licensing element by the parser to the final stage of integrating the ellipsis site with the information retrieved from the antecedent of the ellipsis site. In examining these steps, we have manipulated three factors: (i) TP vs. VP-ellipsis; (ii) two types of discourse coherence relations (resemblance(-contrast) vs. cause-effect relations); (iii) voice match vs. mismatch. We found through the ERP recordings that voice mismatch in TP ellipsis elicited N400, followed by P600, irrespective of discourse coherence relations. In contrast, voice mismatch in VP-ellipsis registered N400 only in resemblance(-contrast) relation, but not in cause-effect relation. These findings lead us to conclude that Korean advanced L2 learners of English seem to undergo the full sequence of processing stages required for ellipsis resolution.

소 부신수질 Muscarine 수용체의 성질

이신웅,이해태 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 1995 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.5 No.-

The nature of the muscarinic receptors in bovine adrenal medulla was investigated in this study. [³H]Quinuclidinyl benzilate(QNB) specifically bound to a single class of muscarinic receptor with a Kp value of about 70 pM in bovine adrenal medullary. cardiac ventricular and ileal homogenates. Pirenzepine inhibition curves of [³H]QNB binding to cardiac ventricular and ileal homogenates were steep, indicating the presence of a single class of binding site for pirenzepine with a Ki value of 990 nM and 508 nM, respectively. However, pirenzepine/[³H]QNB competition binding curves in adrenal medulla suggested the presence of two binding sites (Hill coefficient=0.59) with a high(M₁) and a low(M₂) affinity. Respective Ki values for pirenzepine were 16 nM and 633 nM, with 44% of total sites having a high affinity(M₃). Gallamine, which is selective to cardiac M₂-receptor, inhibited [³H]QNB binding to adrenal medullary, cardiac ventricular and ileal homogenates with Ki values of 12 μM, 6 μM and 13 μM, respectively. Thus, the binding affinities of pirenzepine and gallamine for M₂-receptor in adrenal medulla were similar to those in ileum, which contains the M₃-receptor. These results indicate that the M_(-1) and M_(3-) muscarinic receptor subtypes coexist in the bovine adrenal medulla.

Henry Ⅴ에 나타난 이데올로기와 修辭법

이해웅 한국강원영어영문학회 1998 영어영문학 Vol.17 No.2

In Henry Ⅴ Shakespeare depicts Henry Ⅴ as a king who is kept strictly in the human boundary and, therefore, obliged to exert his political ability to legitimate and maintain his sovereignty. As a way to obtain his goals, Henry employs an ideological strategy of English national prestige and patriotism, which he seeks to implant in his subjects by means of rhetoric. Henry is an alchemist who can change the worst metal into the best one and vise versa. His rhetoric varies to the different situations, which are toward what Henry intends. He is holding the reign of language, the signifier which creates a new signified and deletes the old: his long and fiery speech against Scroop createsa a new traitor who is quite different from what the convict has been. Henry's language is a display of power itself: his threatening speech at Harfleur generates an emotional power stronger than any physical one; his Crispian speech produces a lot more meanings which make the soldiers run the risk of death. The visible results such as legitimacy of Henry's regime, concentration of national power, the conquest of France and the hightening of national prestige prove the materialistic nature of speech and ideology. By showing England's loss of France and the bloody power-struggles among the nobles during the reign of Henry Ⅳ, Shakespeare emphasizes in Henry Ⅴ that all the human accomplishments are subject to history and an able ruler, therefore, must possess the political ability to create new ideology and maintain it.

Henry 4세 즉위의 정당성

李海雄 한국강원영어영문학회 1994 영어영문학 Vol.- No.13

Since E.M.W. Tillyard and Lily B. Campbell gave in 1940s to the moden criticism on the Shakespeare's histoy plays, there has been a long debate among critics on whether or not Bolingbroke's grip of the crown out of the anointed king Richard. This argument is, in other words, that between the critics who take the side of divine kingship and those who see the kingship as one of the practical jobs, the success of which wholly depends on the political capability and moral quality of a monarch. The concept of kingship of the pro-Richard critics is based upon the doctrines of Tudor Myth, or 'Kmg's Two Body'energized by the Elizabethan political theorists like Cecil or Ralegh, who strongly insisted that King's Body politic cannot do any wrong. But Shakespeare's Richard is depicted as a problematic monarch who is not only politically incapable and emotionally unstable, but also violates the principle and law of the state. In Richard Ⅱ, he is described as a lung whose defects may legitimize, as Robert Parsons justifies dethronement of a bad king, Bolingbroke's accession to the throne. Beside Richard's faults, such points as Bolingbroke's moral, political ethics and achievements may serve to some extent as objective criteria to judge his regime right or wrong. Henry's moral as a ruler can be recognized by his idea of kingship, which is so practical and man-centered that he regards it a painful duty demanding its owner's sacrifice. Througout the plays Henry is never seen to seek pleasure or enjoy king's privilege, but found to be possessed by care and concern about the problems in education of Prince Hal and pacification of the rebellions. Upbringing of young Prince Hal to an able ruler occupies one of Henry's most serious concerns. Shakespeare uses a dramatic irony by which the characters on stage are scarecely exposed to the true entity of Hal till he makes a reconciliation with his father in Part 2, Act Ⅳ, scene v. Audiences are invited to learn the Henry's question of succession being solved when they see the competent rival Hotspur falls by Hal's sword and Hal recognize at his father's deathbed the essential meaning of the crown as a hard work. Bolingbroke's another main concern is to pacify the rebellions and reunify the kingdom split into factions by the feudalistic barons like Nothumberland, making it possible for his successor to rule the commonwealth on a more stabilized political ground. In spite of the conclusion that Shakespeare seems to render justice and legitimacy to Henry's enthronement, a great number of questions about it and as many answers can be given to them for Shakespeare's plays are widely open enough to allow various reading. Shakespeare only presents the complicated natures of human political life and the world of history in the form of theater.

클로르헥시딘의 접착성 수복재의 결합에 미치는 영향에 관한 비교 연구

염혜웅,김종수,권순원 大韓小兒齒科學會 2002 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.29 No.1

치아 수복 후 나타날 수 있는 술 후 동통과 치수 병변의 주원인은 수복재 자체의 독성보다는 박테리아의 침투에 의한 것으로 알려져 있으며, 와동내 항균제 처리는 잔존 박테리아를 제거하여 제 증상을 완화하는데 효과적이지만, 상아질면이나 상아세관에 잔유물을 남겨 상아질 결합제와 치질간의 긴밀한 결합을 방해하여, 미세누출을 증가시키고, 결합강도를 약화시킬 수 있다고 알려져 있다. 2% 클로르헥시딘 도포가 접착성 수복물과 치질과의 결합강도 및 미세누출에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여, 건전한 소의 전치 상아질을 노출시키고 와동을 형성한 후, 클로르헥시딘을 도포하고 복합레진, 컴포머 그리고 글라스아이오노머를 각 제조사의 지시에 따라 각각 충전하고, 100회 열순환 처리 후 전단 결합 강도와 미세누출 양상을 비교 평가하였다. 상아질 전단 결합 강도와 수복재 변연 미세누출 양상에서 실험군과 대조군간에 통계학적 유의차를 보이지 않았다. Bacterialmicroleakage around restorations is considered the principal cause of pulpal inflammation associated with restorations. The rationale for using cavity disinefectant is based on its antimicrobial properties but the cavity disinfectant may leave debris on dentin surfaces. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2% chlorhexidine on shear bond strength and microleakage of adhesive restoration. 45 sound bovine teeth were used for the shear bond strength test and 30 for the micorleakage. For the experimental groups, 2% chlorhexidine was applied before the restorations, and was not for the control groups. The result from the this study can be summarized as follows; 1. No significant difference could be found in shear bond strength of each group. 2. No significant difference could be found in microleakage of each group.

Digital Imaging Fiber-Optic Trans-Illumination을 이용한 초기 법랑질 우식병소의 조기 진단

염혜웅,김종수,유승훈 大韓小兒齒科學會 2004 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

치아 우식증의 발생과 관련된 분야에 대한 연구는 지난 20년간 활발히 진행되어 괄목할만한 발전을 이루었다. 그러나 치아 우식증의 원천적인 예방을 이루기 위해서는 보다 새로운 실험 장비와 기구를 이용한 다각적인 연구가 요구되며, 이러한 흐름에 부응하여 미국의 인디아나 치과대학을 중심으로 초기 법랑질 우식증에 관한 재조명이 집중적으로 이루어지고 있다. 또한 세계적으로 치과계의 지속적인 대민 교육과 홍보 및 불소화 사업 등의 우식 예방에 대한 노력과 구강 보건에 대한 대중의 인식 향상을 통해 치아 우식증이 감소하는 추세에 있으며, 이로 인해 치아 우식증이 기존의 교합면보다 인접면에서 더 많이 발견되는 추세로 변화되고 있다. 치아 우식증의 조기 진단을 목적으로 새로운 진단 장비들이 속속 개발되고 있으며 이미 성능의 우수성이 실험실 연구를 통해 입증된 바 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 초기 인접면 우식증의 진단에 있어 새로 개발된 DIFOTI^(TM) 시스템의 효능을 기존의 방법인 사진 및 교익방사선사진과 비교 평가하고, 임상 적용시의 문제점을 파악하여 차후 DIFOTI^(TM) 시스템 개발에 필요한 개선안을 제시함과 아울러 치아 우식증의 예방 및 불소를 이용한 초기 우식증 재광화 방법에 대한 기초 연구 자료를 마련하고자 하였다. 학동기 연령에 있는 유치 탈락 시기에 근접한 것으로 기대되는 23명의 아동을 대상으로 구강 검진 2회, 구치부 교익 방사선 필름 판독 2회 그리고 전치부 및 구치부 DIFOTI^(TM) 이미지 판독 2회를 실시하고 각 방법에 대한 신뢰도 평가를 시행한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 구강 검진시 검사자간 신뢰도는 교합면에서 평균 0.8470으로 가장 높았으며, 근심면 평균 0.6430 원심면 평균 0.5727, 설면 평균 0.2807 그리고 협면 평균 0.2339 순으로 나타났다. 구치부에 국한시킨 경우 교합면에서는 평균 0.8577이었으며, 원심면 평균 0.8211, 설면 평균 0.7728, 협면 평균 0.7152, 근심면 평균 0.6782 순으로 나타났다. 2. 구치부 교익 방사선 사진 판독 결과에 대한 검사자간 신뢰도는 교합면 평균 0.8346, 근심면 평균 0.8675, 원심면 평균 0.8482 순으로 나타났다. 3. DIFOTI^(TM) 이미지 판독 결과에 대한 검사자간 신뢰도는 교합면 평균 0.8437, 협면 평균 8379, 근심면 평균 0.8223, 설면 평균 0.7766, 원심면 평균 0.6781 순으로 나타났다. 4. 치아 우식증 진단율을 비교한 결과 교합면, 협면, 설면에서는 DIFOTI^(TM) 이미지 판독이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났으며(p<0.05), 근심면과 원심면에서는 방사선 판독이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). Over the past 20 years, great strides have been made in research regarding the mechanisms involved in the progression of carious lesions, but new equipment and research tools need to be developed to continue these advancements in caries research. Various methods have been applied to reduce the incidence of carious lesions, which have led to a significant decrease in the number of occlusal caries, but a concurrent increase in the proportion of proximal carious lesions. New diagnostic equipment has been developed to detect early stage carious lesions, and these have demonstrated excellent laboratory results and show promise in clinical applications. The research presented here examines the efficacy of the newly developed DIFOTI^(TM) system in detecting proximal carious lesions compared to traditional intraoral exam and bitewing radiography, possible problems or deficiencies of using the system in clinic, possible improvements that can be made to the system, and the efficacy of detecting early, reversible carious lesions that can be remineralized by preventative fluoride applications. The subject pool consisted of 23 grammer school age patients just prior to entering the mixed dentition phase. Each patient was given a thorough oral examination, radiographic examination consisting of bitewing radiographs of the posterior teeth, and DIFOTIR examination of the anterior and posterior teeth. Each examination was carried out two times by two examiners, and the data were statistically analyzed. The results are as follows: 1. The mean alpha value of reliability test of the visual oral examination was as follows: occlusal surface was 0.8470, mesial surface was 0.6430, distal surface was 0.5727, lingual surface was 0.2807 and distal surface was 0.2339. When the examination was limited to posterior teeth, the mean alpha value was as follows: occlusal surface was 0.8577, distal surface was 0.8211, lingual surface was 0.7728, buccal surface was 0.7152 and mesial surface was 0.6782. 2. The alpha value of reliability test of the radiographic analysis of carious lesions of the occlusal, mesial, and distal surfaces was 0.8500. 3. The alpha value of reliability test of the DIFOTI^(TM) diagnostic analysis of carious lesions of the occlusal, buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal surfaces was determined to be 0.7917. 4. The DIFOTI^(TM) diagnostic system was found to be the most accurate means of detecting occlusal, buccal, and lingual surface carious lesions (p<0.05), while mesial and distal proximal carious lesions were most accurately assessed using bitewing radiography (p<0.05).

HIV 감염 환자에서 발생한 편평 콘딜롬 1예

이해웅,오상현,장성은,최지호,문기찬,고재경 대한피부과학회 2006 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.44 No.4

실리콘 웨이퍼 태양전지의 효율 향상 방안

김정근,박해웅,장영철 한국기술교육대학교 2006 論文集 Vol.12 No.1

In the process of ingot pulling of the Si single crystal, the pulling velocity of the single crystal silicon should be faster than the dislocation propagation velocity in order to have uniform resistivity in (100) plane. The (100) plane has no dislocation when single crystal seed is contacted and seperated from the melt. Oxygen content of the Si ingot should be controlled by melting Si in Ar gas atmosphere with magnetic field to increase the viscosity of the melt. The efficiency of the Si wafer solar cell can be enhanced by (1) removing the defects in the Si wafer, (2) minimizing the recombination and thermalization of the atoms which lead to energy loss, (3) forming pyramid structure on the cell surface to reduce reflection of the light. The shading of the cell can be minimized via controlling of the finger width of the solar cell. the atoms which lead to energy loss, (3) forming pyramid structure on the cell surface to reduce reflection of the light. The shading of the cell can be minimized via controlling of the finger width of the solar cell.

표고버섯균사체 생산용 가식성 천연소재 액체배지 개발

배만종,박태웅,정경순,윤혜정 경산대학교 생명자원개발연구소 2001 생명자원과 산업 Vol.5 No.-

The study was carried out to develop edible natural broth substrate resource with lentinus edodes Mycelium, and to produce effectively. We selected potato, pear, corn, banana and apple with natural broth media, respectively. The results investigated for new resource are as follows. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth ranged from 23~29℃, optimum temperature 26℃. The optimum pH ranged from 5.0~6.0, optimum pH 5.5. The carbon source contents were effective in 5~20% glucose almost identical., The nitrogen source peptone was higher growth in the 0.5~2.0% than 0.1%. For 5 weeks incubation, Natural substrates broth from banana, potato and corn grew better than pear apple, respectively.

微量合金鋼의 機械的特質 向上에 미치는 析出物의 影響

李相允,李相雄,李熙太 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1987 硏究報告 Vol.11 No.2

This study has been performed to investigate into various tensile properties of Fe-1.32% Si-0.34% C steel either quenched and tempered or isothermal-transformed after austenitizing at temperatures in the range of which both ferrite and austenite are present. The results obtained from the experiment are as follows; 1) The ductility is considerably improved by the addition of Si due to the fact that ferrite solution-strengthened and the formation of precipitates in ferrite is retarded. 2) Tensile test has shown that tensile properties of specimens isothermal-transformation treated are more improved as compared to the quenching and tempering treatment. 3) The saving of heat treatment energy and the reduction of manufacturing time can be achieved by simplifying heat treatment cycles to obtain better tensile properties than those generally obtainable from dual phase steels.