심실근의 수축현상에 미치는 O₂, CO₂ 및 pH의 영향

장석종,박해근 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1983 충남의대잡지 Vol.10 No.2

It has been well known that increased hydrogen ion concentration causes the negative inotropic effect on the heart. But in the status of acid base imbalance, metabolic or respiratory, the question of which status has more profound effect on the cardiac muscle contractility remains unsolved. Furthermore, whether such effect is attributable to the change of the intracellular pH or the extracellular change is a matter of controversy. In many studies concerning to the effect of carbon dioxide tension on the cardiac contractility, the effect of excess oxygen has been ignored despite of its significant influence upon the cellular function. The author intended to investigate the effects of the change of carbon dioxide tension, which causes the pH change simultaneously, as well as the effect of excess oxygen on the cardiac ventricular contractility. Also, to prove which change, metabolic or respiratory, has more profound effect and which change, intracellulcr or extracellular, has more crucial effect, the author examined the contractility of the ventricle under two different conditions. They were as follows: a) PCO_2 was varying despite of same magnitude of the change in pH. b) pH was varying despite of the same magnitude of the change in PCO_2 Turtle hearts were used and the Langendorf preparations were made. The perfusate was Tris-buffer solution for turtle, saturated with various gases, such as air, pure oxygen, nitrogen, or different concentrations of CO_2 balanced with oxygen or nitrogen. The tension and maximal dT/dt were recorded with the Physiograph and its accessories. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The excess oxygen enhanced the ventricular contractility. 2. Increased carbon dioxide tension, which decreases the pH simultaneously, reduced the ventricular contractility and that was more pronounced when CO_2 was balanced with nitrogen gas rather than with oxygen gas. 3. The relationships among several physiological parameters were estimated as follows: a) Y=1.01X-0.56 X: percent change of the tension Y: percent change of maximal contration dT/dt b) Z=1.06X-4.56 Z: percent change of maximal relation dT/dt The corelation coefficient in a) is 0.939 and in b) is 0.926, being significant statistically (P<0.005). 4. When the change of pH were same but the changes of PCO_2 were different, the change of ventricular contractility was more profound in the respiratory decrease of pH, that was higher PCO_2, more depressing effect (P<0.005) was manifested, than in the case of metabolic origin (p<0.005). 5. When the changes of PCO_2 were same but the changes of pH were different, the influence of the latter parameter on the contractility was not significant (P<0.1). From the above results it was suggested that the increased PCO_2, which also causes the decrease of pH, has negative inotropic effect and excess oxygen has positive inotropic effect on the ventricular muscle of the turtle. The negative inotropic effect of the lowered pH on the ventricular muscle was revealed to be more profound when it was induced by respiratory distress rather than motabolic and may be affected by change of intracellular pH rather than extracellular pH.

사회변화에 따른 유니버설디자인 적용 방향성

장혜진 ( Hae Jin Chang ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2020 한국디자인포럼 Vol.25 No.1

연구배경 효과적인 유니버설디자인 관련 정책수립과 적용을 위해서는 우리의 삶에 영향을 끼치는 사회변화의 양상에 대한 진단이 선행되어야 한다. 이에, 본 연구는 사회변화에 따라 변모하게 될 유니버설디자인 관련 이슈들을 예측하고, 현재 국내 유니버설디자인 관련 현황을 진단한 후 사회변화의 양상에 적합한 유니버설디자인 적용 방향성을 제안하는 것을 그 목표로 한다. 연구방법 본 연구에서는 향후 우리 사회에 미치는 영향이 큰 주요한 사회변화를 선정하고 이에 따라 변모하게 될 유니버설디자인 관련 이슈를 예측하였다. 유니버설디자인 관련 연구논문, 정책보고서, 문헌, 법령 등을 통해 선행연구와 정책 동향을 분석하여 현재 국내 유니버설 디자인 관련 법률, 조례, 가이드라인 등을 중심으로 국내 유니버설디자인 적용 현황을 파악하였다. 이를 바탕으로 사회변화를 고려한 유니버설디자인 적용 방향성을 제안했다. 연구결과 유니버설디자인의 적용 방향성을 도출하기 위해 고려해야 할 주요한 사회변화로 초고령화 사회 진입, 사회통합 추구, 지속 가능한 발전 추구, 신기술 출현 및 산업 다변화 등을 들 수 있다. 현재 국내 유니버설디자인 관련 법률, 조례, 가이드라인을 사회변화 양상에 비추어 점검한 결과, 향후 우리 사회가 추구해야 할 유니버설디자인의 적용 방향성을 크게 다음과 같은 네 가지로 도출하였다. 사회 구성원 간 공존의 가치 추구, 지속 가능성의 추구, 공공영역에서 민간영역으로의 확장, 유니버설디자인 적용 영역 다양화가 그것이다. 결론 본 연구의 연구결과는 미래 사회변화에 대응한 유니버설디자인 정책수립 및 디자인 분야의 유니버설디자인 연구개발을 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. Background For the effective establishment of policies and application related to universal design, the comprehensive study on the aspect of social changes that influences on human lives must be performed in priority. Therefore, this study purposes to predict universal design-related issues that will change according to social change, evaluate the current status of universal design in Korea, and suggest the application direction of universal design considering the social change. Methods This study selected major social changes that have a significant impact on our society in the future, and predicts universal design-related issues that would be transformed by the social changes. Through the research papers, policy reports, literature, and laws related to universal design, previous studies and policy trends were analyzed to identify the current status of universal design in Korea, focusing on current laws, ordinances, and guidelines related to universal design. Based on such, the application direction of universal design considering the social changes was suggested. Result The major social changes to be considered in deriving the direction of universal design include the entry into an aging society, the pursuit of social integration, the pursuit of sustainable development, the emergence of new technologies and the diversification of industries. As a result of inspecting the laws, ordinances and guidelines regarding the current domestic universal design, the application direction of universal design which our society should pursue in the future are derived into four directions; pursuance of coexistence value between social members, pursuance of sustainability, expansion from public areas to private areas, and diversification of universal design application areas. Conclusion The results of this study could be used as the foundation materials for the establishment of universal design policies and research and development of universal design in design areas corresponding to the future social changes.

용성산인(龍城山人) 이창원(李昌遠)의 사상학설(四象學說)과 체질침(體質鍼)에 대한 고찰(考察)

안창범,윤현민,허재영,권혜연,Ahn, Chang-beohm,Youn, Byuon-Min,Hea, Jae-young,Kwon, Hae-Yon 대한침구의학회 2002 대한침구의학회지 Vol.19 No.1

Objective : This study was carried out to review Chang-Won Lee's theory of Sasangand acupuncture of constitution. Methods : We have investigated Chang-Won Lee's unknown literature "Medicine of sassang "(四象醫學). Results : Constitutional acupuncture is based on the diversity of human being and medically developed the response variation to disease and acupuncture. The diversity is due to the Organ's Congenital Formation Variation based on human nature and it is categorized as four from physiology, pathology, symptoms, to therapy. Chang-Won Lee's constitutional acupuncture discriminated constitution of comparison palpations of right and left both sides. He insisted that constitution only four type(Sasang), not exist man of To-Hyoung (土形人) in "young -chu"(靈樞) and his constitutional acupuncture all used Jung-kyuck (reinforcement acupuncture method) and Seong-kyuck(reducing acupuncture method) of Sa-am(舍岩)

선천눈꺼풀처짐 교정술 후 발생한 난시변화

이동섭,김준모,우경인,장혜란,Dong Sub Lee,Joon Mo Kim,Kyung In Woo,Hae Ran Chang 대한안과학회 2006 대한안과학회지 Vol.47 No.9

Purpose: To determine postoperative astigmatic changes after surgery for congenital ptosis and the astigmatic changes depending on surgical method and to discern cases of postoperatively developed anisometropia or amblyopia. Methods: Fifty-one patients who underwent surgery due to congenital ptosis were reviewed. Refraction or cycloplegic refraction was conducted preoperatively and 3 to 6 months after surgery to measure astigmatic changes. Astigmatic changes in operated eyes were compared to control eyes. Astigmatic changes were compared depending on surgical method. Results: The mean astigmatism was 1.33±1.29D preoperatively and 1.48±1.13D postoperatively (P=0.10) and the mean astigmatic change in the ptotic and control eye was an increase in cylinder +0.56±0.55D and +0.68±0.72D (P=0.37). The mean astigmatic change of patients receiving frontalis sling was +0.57±0.67D which was similar to those who received levator resection (+0.56±0.50D). Newly developed anisometropia was found in three patients postoperatively due to an increase in astigmatism, but newly developed amblyopia was not found. Conclusions: The increase of astigmatism by ptosis surgery was not statistically significant and there was no statistically significant difference when accounting for surgical method. However, it is necessary to monitor refractive error carefully in younger patients to prevent amblyopia because postoperative increase of astigmatism can cause anisometropia.

Contributions of intramolecular and intermolecular energy changes to strain-induced enthalpy relaxation in uniaxially drawn poly(lactic acid) films

Kim, Min Sung,Chang, Jin-Hae,Lee, Sang Cheol Elsevier 2015 Polymer Vol.64 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Blends of poly(lactic acid)s (PLAs) containing three different concentrations of <SMALL>D</SMALL>-isomer (i.e., 1, 4, and 10 mol%; referred to as PLA1, PLA4, and PLA10, respectively) with poly(<SMALL>DL</SMALL>-lactic acid) (PDLLA) were prepared via solution blending. The three PLAs were miscible with PDLLA, as determined by dynamic mechanical analysis. Drawn films of PLA1/PDLLA, PLA4/PDLLA, and PLA10/PDLLA blends exhibited endothermic peaks just above the glass transition temperature, which is evidence of strain-induced enthalpy relaxation. A thermodynamic model for the miscible blend system was applied to determine contributions of intramolecular and intermolecular energy changes to strain-induced enthalpy relaxation for PLA1, PLA4, and PLA10; the resultant values suggested that intramolecular energy changes are mainly responsible for strain-induced enthalpy relaxation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Drawn films of PLA blends exhibit endothermic peaks just above glass transition temperature. </LI> <LI> For PLA containing less than 4 mol% of <SMALL>D</SMALL>-isomer, almost 60% of the endothermic heat originates from intramolecular energy change. </LI> <LI> As the <SMALL>D</SMALL>-isomer content of PLA increases, the contribution of intramolecular energy change to the endothermic heat increases. </LI> <LI> Overall, intramolecular energy change is primarily responsible for strain-induced enthalpy relaxation. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

산도가 장관의 운동성에 미치는 영향

장석종,박해근,김광진,임현재 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1982 충남의대잡지 Vol.9 No.2

The effects of hydrogen ion concentration changes on the motility as well as patterns of motility to autonomic drugs was investigated in the isolated duodenum and ileum of rabbits. Motility was recorded on a Physiograph with force transducer by means of Magnus method in sodium lactate Ringer's solution at 37℃ The pH of the Ringer's solution used were nornal (pH 7.4), acidic (7.4-5.5), and alkaline(7.4-9.5), titrated by 0.01 N BCI or 0.01 N NaOH solution respectively. Acetylcholine and norepinephrine as autonomic drugs was treated at normal, acidic, and alkaline Ringer's solution. Obtained results may be summarized as follows. 1. Increased hydrogen ion concentration (or decreased pH) inhibited tie motility of duodenum and ileum and that was proportional to increment of hydrogen ion concentration. 2. Decreased hydrogen ion concentration(or increased pH) enhanced the motility of duodenum and ileum and that at was proportional to decrement of h drocen ion concentration. 3. Effect of acetvlcholine on the patterns of motility in duodenum and ileum was not altered by hydrogen ion concentration changes. 4. Effect of norepinephrine on the patterns of motility in duodenum and ileum was not altered by hydrogen ion concentration changes.

Hematologic and hemodynamic findings during hemodialysis in 13 beagle dogs

Chang-Moo Ji, Hae-Won Jung, Hyo-Mi Jang, Jong-Hyun Moon, Dong-In Jung 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2014 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.15 No.2

Hemodialysis is an effective therapy for renal failure in veterinary practice. To evaluate hematologic and hemodynamic changes during hemodialysis, 13 dogs were treated with hemodialysis, after which complete blood cell counts (CBC), serum chemistry, and mean systolic blood pressure were analyzed. For CBC, white blood cells (WBC) and platelets underwent significant changes. In serum chemistry, there were significant differences in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, total protein, albumin, globulin, amylase, calcium, potassium, and phosphorus contents. Further, mean systolic blood pressure suddenly increased in early hemodialysis and decreased significantly thereafter. During hemodialysis, adverse effects were observed in some dogs as follows: bleeding (1 dog), anemia (2 dogs), leukopenia (8 dogs), thrombocytopenia (2 dogs), and hypotension (1 dog). This study demonstrates hematologic and hemodynamic effects during hemodialysis as well as complications similar to human medicine. Before applying the commercialized human hemodialysis system to canine renal failure patients, we monitored hematologic and hemodynamic findings during hemodialysis in healthy beagle dogs.

에타놀 정맥투여 고양이의 뇌압 변화에 관한 연구

김세훈,장석종,박해근 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1987 충남의대잡지 Vol.14 No.2

It has been well known that respiratory status has affected the intracranial pressure by' changing the brain blood flow, and also ethanol has affected the respiratory system by inhibiting the respiratory center and has affected cardiovascular system by inhibiting the cardiac performance and decreasing the total peripheral resistance. However, effect of ethanol on intracranial pressure has not been studied satisfactorily. Thus, following experiment was performed to examine the change of the intracranial pressure after ethanol administration in the cats. Ethanol was infused intravenously by lg ethanol per kg body weight for 15 minutes. Intracranial pressure was measured through balloon inserted between epidura and skull. Arterial blood pH, Po_2, Pco_2, ethanol concentration were measured. The results obtained are surnmerized as follows. Blood ethanol concentration increased by linear and peaked at 15 minutes(blood ethanol concentration was 409±31 mg%). Po_2, Pco_2. and pH at 15 minutes were 80. 3±5. lmmHg, 49.2±3.3mmHg and 7.24 =0.015 respectively. Blood pressure began to decrease and arterial pulse pressure began to increase at 10 minutes and more and more at 15 minutes respectively. Intracranial pressure began to increase at 10 minutes (blood ethanol concentration was 316±33 mg%) and peaked as 168.7±11.4% contrast to control at 15 minutes and also amplitude of intracranial pulse wave was increased. From the above results, it was suggested that intracranial presssure and amplitude of intracranial pulse wave were increased significantly by inhibiting respiratory center and thereby dilatating cerebral blood vessels with intravenous ethanol administration.

Determination of Diversity, Distribution and Host Specificity of Korean Laccaria Using Four Approaches

( Hae Jin Cho ),( Ki Hyeong Park ),( Myung Soo Park ),( Yoonhee Cho ),( Ji Seon Kim ),( Chang Wan Seo ),( Seung-yoon Oh ),( Young Woon Lim ) 한국균학회 2021 Mycobiology Vol.49 No.5

The genus Laccaria (Hydnangiaceae, Agaricales) plays an important role in forest ecosystems as an ectomycorrhizal fungus, contributing to nutrient cycles through symbiosis with many types of trees. Though understanding Laccaria diversity and distribution patterns, as well as its association with host plants, is fundamental to constructing a balanced plant diversity and conducting effective forest management, previous studies have not been effective in accurately investigating, as they relied heavily on specimen collection alone. To investigate the true diversity and distribution pattern of Laccaria species and determine their host types, we used four different approaches: specimen-based analysis, open database search (ODS), NGS analysis, and species-specific PCR (SSP). As a result, 14 Laccaria species have been confirmed in Korea. Results regarding the species distribution pattern were different between specimen-based analysis and SSP. However, when both were integrated, the exact distribution pattern of each Laccaria species was determined. In addition, the SSP revealed that many Laccaria species have a wide range of host types. This study shows that using these four different approaches is useful in determining the diversity, distribution, and host of ECM fungi. Furthermore, results obtained for Laccaria will serve as a baseline to help understand the role of ECM fungi in forest management in response to climate change.

연장 가골에 골 이식 대체물 투여가 골 경화에 미치는 영향 : 가토 경골에서의 방사선 및 골 밀도의 변화 Changes of Radiography & Bone Mineral Density in the Tibia of Rabbits

오창욱,김풍택,박병철,송해룡,박일형,백준호,박형진 경북대학교 병원 2003 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.7 No.1

목적 : 골 연장술 후 생기는 연장 가골에 황화 칼슘과 이종 이식골을 투여하여 골 경화 속도에 대한 영향을 알아보기 위한 실험이었다. 연구대상 및 방법 : 성장중인 뉴질랜드 화이트 토끼(2.0-2.5㎏)의 경골 간부에 골막을 보호하고, 절골술을 시행하고, 5일간의 휴지기후 외고정 장치를 이용하여 1주일 동안 7㎜가 연장될 때까지 하루 1㎜씩 2회의 리듬을 가지고 골 연장을 실시하였다. 제1 실험 군 7마리에는 연장이 끝난 직후 황화 칼슘(Osteoset^(ⓡ), Wright medical USA) 1정, 제 2 실험 군 7마리에는 이종 이식골의 일종인 Lubboc 5㎟을 각각 연장된 가골 부에 주입하고, 단순 연장한 대조군 7마리와 함께, 방사선 및 골 밀도비를 측정하고 추시하여, 골 경화의 진행속도를 비교하였다. 방사선 촬영은 전후면 및 측면사진을 1주 간격으로 촬영하였고, 골밀도 측정은 DEXA(dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry, Lunar^(ⓡ)) 장치를 2주일 간격으로 시행하였다. 결과 : 방사선 소견상, 제 1실험군의 연장가골의 완전 경화시간은 평균 14주, 제 2실험군은 154 주로 각각 대조군의 16.9주보다 단축되었으며, 골 밀도 비에서도, 두 실험군에서 최고치가 대조군의 값보다 높고, 최고치까지의 경과기간도 빨랐다. 결론 : 본 연구에서 연장 가골에 황화칼슘 및 이종 이식골의 투여가 골 경화의 기간을 단축시킬 수 있고, 외고정 장치의 빠른 제거에 도움이 될 수 있음을 알았다. Purpose : This study was designed to know the effect of calcium-sulfate and xenograft on the distracted callus after lengthening. Materials & Methods : We had operation of subperiosteal osteotomy and external fixation on the tibial diaphysis of young New Zealand White rabbits(2.0-2.5㎏); after 5 days of latency period, 7㎜(1㎜/day, 2times/day) of tibial lengthening was reached in a week. At 1 week after lengthening, the 1st experimental group of 7 rabbits received a pellet of calcium sulfate(Osteoset, Wright medical, USA) in the distraction gap, and the 2nd experimental group of 7 rabbits received 5㎜ 2 of xenogrfat(Lubboc) in the distraction gap. But, the control group of 7 rabbits did not receive any of above materials. We compared three groups with the changes of radiographic findings at every week and bone mineral ratio(DEXA) at every two weeks. Results : The time to complete consolidation of distraction callus of both experimental group(calcium sulfate;14 weeks, xenograft; 15.4 weeks) was shorter than that of control group(16.9 weeks) in radiographic findings. Maximum value of bone mineral ratio of distraction callus was higher and the time to reach the highest value was also shortened in the both experimental group compared to control group. Conclusion : By use of bone substitutes as like calcium sulfate or xenograft in the distraction callus with external fixator, it may be possible to shorten the consolidation period and the fixator-wearing period.