Survey of Cultivation and Status of Gerbera Smart Farms

Oh Keun Kwon,Jae Ah Jung,Myung Suk Ahn,Hyun Young Song,Manjulatha Mekapogu,Dan Hye Kim,Doo Jong Ha 한국화훼학회 2021 화훼연구 Vol.29 No.4

본 연구는 거베라 주산지인 경북과 경남 지역의 농가 재배 및 스마트팜 현황을 조사하고 분석하고자 수행하였다. 조사방법은 2020년 81 농가를 대상으로 대면 설문조사를 실시하였다. 거베라 경영주 연령은 50∼60대가 71.6%로 가장 많았고, 30∼ 40대가 16%, 70세 이상이 9.9%, 30세 이하는 2.5% 순이었다. 거베라 재배 경력은 5년 이하가 37%였으며, 6∼10년 25.9%, 11∼20년 29.6%, 21년 이상 농가가 7.4%였다. 재배 면적은 0.3 ∼0.6ha가 61.7%로 가장 많았고, 0.3ha 미만이 30.9%, 0.6ha 이상이 7.4%였으며, 전체 평균재배 면적은 0.37ha였다. 거베라 재배 농가당 평균 인력은 자가 노동력 2.1명, 고용 노동력 0.8명 이었다. 재배 방식에서 토경 88.9%, 양액재배 농가는 11.1%였다. 국산품종을 전체 또는 일부라도 재배하고 있는 농가는 61.7%였고 외국산 거베라 품종만 재배하고 있는 농가는 38.3% 였다. 거베라 병해충 발생조사에서 병 발생이 많았다고 응답한 농가는 91.4%였으며, 충 발생이 많았다고 응답한 농가는 98.8% 였다. 스마트팜 시스템을 설치한 농가는 12.3%였으며, 설치하지 않은 농가에서 향후 설치할 의향이 있다고 응답한 농가는 76.9% 였다. 향후 경영계획을 묻는 질문에서 현상유지 80.2%, 축소 8.6%, 경영확대 11.1%였으며, 경영 확대를 대답한 농가는 경북 지역이 8농가로 경남지역 1농가 보다 많았다. This study was conducted to investigate and analyze gerbera cultivation and the status of smart farms in Korea. The survey was conducted in person for 81 farms, in 2020. About 71.6% managers of the gerbera farms were in their 50s and 60s, 16% in their 30s and 40s, 9.9% were over 70, and 2.5% under 30. About 37% of the farmers have cultivation experience of less than five years; 25.9%, 6–10 years; 29.6%, 11–20 years; and 7.4%, over 21 years. Around 61.7% of the area under gerbera cultivation was 0.3–0.6 ha, 30.9% was less than 0.3 ha, and 7.4% was over 0.6 ha; and the average area under cultivation was 0.37 ha. The average family labor of the gerbera farms was 2.1 people and the employed labor was 0.8 people. The cultivation methods included about 88.9% soil and 11.1% nutrient cultivation farms. However, 61.7% of the farmers cultivated all or part of the domestic gerbera varieties, whereas 38.3% only cultivated foreign varieties. In the pest survey, around 91.4% of the farm managers responded to have observed different diseases, and around 98.8% farms exhibited various pests. The smart farm system has been installed by 12.3% of the farming households. However, 76.9% of farming households with no prior smart farms are planning to install them in the future. Future plans include the status quo of 80.2%, reduction in total area by 8.6% and expansion in total area by 11.1%, and around eight farms in Gyeongbuk and one farm in Gyeongnam area are planning to expand their management.

人間의 c-Ha-ras發癌性 蛋白質에 結合되어 있는 GDP와 GTP의 形態 比較

河鍾明 新羅大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.31 No.1

A truncated human c-Ha-ras gene product 〔ras(1-17)protein〕in which glutamine-61 was replaced by leucine 〔ras(L61/1-171)protein〕, was prepared and ligand was exchanged from GDP to GTPγS 〔Guanosine 5'(3-0-thio) triphosphate〕. A mass production of ras protein bound with GTPγS was possible using ultra-filtration with chealating agent. GTPγS bound to c-Ha-ras protein was clearly confirmed by ultra-violet spectroscopy and phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance. The conformations of a bound GDP and a bound GTP to a ras(L61/1-171)protein were compared by time dependent nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) spectroscopy. The dependences of the H1' and H8 proton resonance intensities on duration of time-dependent NOE profiles, and the conformation of the protein-bound GDP and GTPγS were elu??dated ; as for the bound GDP, the guanosine moiety takes the antiform about N-glycosidic bond with the dihedral angle of χ=-124±2° and the riose ring takes the C2'-endo form(Ha. 1990). Whereas the bound GTPγS, the guanosine moiety, takes the anti form about N-glycosidic bond with the dihedral angle of χ=-80±2°and the ribose ring takes the C3'-endo form The conformations around effector region are of the regular structure in the GDP-bound state, and largely distorted in the GTPγS-bound state, whichis probably related to the conformational activation of the effector region of ras proteins by ligand substitution of GDP with GTPγS. The role of the interaction between the bound guanine nucleotide and effector region is discussed with regard to the mechanism of the ras protein functions.

바닷물 살포가 토양 화학성과 마늘 무기성분 함량에 미치는 영향

김명숙(Myung-Sook Kim),이상범(Sang-Bum Lee),김유학(Yoo-Hak Kim),강성수(Seong-Soo Kang),현병근(Byung-Keun Hyun),공효영(Hyo-Young Gong),하상건(Sang-Keon Ha) 한국토양비료학회 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.6

친환경농업에 많이 사용되고 있는 바닷물을 살포하여 토양의 화학성과 마늘의 무기성분 흡수량의 변화를 조사하였다. 바닷물 원액을 토양에 살포한 직후에는 전기전도도, 치환성 나트륨, 염소이온, 나트륨 흡착비 등이 높아졌다. 그리고, 바닷물의 살포횟수가 증가할수록 토양의 전기전도도, 치환성 나트륨, 염소이온 그리고 나트륨 흡착비가 증가하였다. 바닷물로 투입된 성분들은 표토에 대부분 분포하였으며 수확기에는 심토로의 용탈이 일어나 작물이 생육하는 근권에서는 감소하였다. 그리고 바닷물 원액을 작물체에 살포했을 때 마늘 중의 무기성분인 질소, 칼슘, 마그네슘, 나트륨, 미량원소인 철, 망간, 아연 등의 함량은 줄어들었고 염소이온 함량은 처리횟수가 3회일 경우 유의성 있게 증가되었다 (p<0.05). This study was conducted at the organic farming fields which garlics were planted. The treatments were as follows; water of 3,850 L ha<SUP>-1</SUP> (Control), plots applied 1 time, 2 times and 3 times with sea water of 3,850 L ha<SUP>-1</SUP>. In 3 times sea water treatment plot, the level of EC, Exch. Na and Cl- were 1.1, 2.1, and 3.3 times higher than control plot, respectively. Due to seawater application, the contents of inorganic elements such as T-N, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, and Zn in garlic were generally lower than Control, but not significant.

Ongoing Process of the Integration of Kindergarten and Childcare of Korea

Won-young Rhee,Myung-ha Kim 환태평양유아교육연구학회 2019 Asia-Pacific journal of research in early childhoo Vol.13 No.2

The integrating effort, which has been tried in Korea, by the governments of four presidents from 1998 to 2017 has been described in this study. The integration of this study means uniting kindergartens and child care centers under one Ministry. The purpose is to clarify what kinds of problems the divided system could cause young children and what has been done. The analysis of documents such as records of the Blue House (president’s office), the Prime Minister’s Office, Ministries, and research articles in terms of integration was applied. Research found that problems of the divided system of kindergarten and child care center in Korea can be placed in three categories – inefficient administration governance, duplicated budget allocation and its inefficiency, and quality difference of early education and care for the same age group. Integration was started first by the Minister of the Ministry of Gender Equality (MOGE), Chi Eun-hee of the Kim Dae-jung government in 2003. The Roh Moo-hyun government moved child care administration from the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) to MOGE in 2004, but the Lee Myung-bak government moved it back to the MOHW in 2008. The MOHW vigorously tried to integrate the two institutes under it as soon as they had it back, but failed. The Ministry of Education (MOE) of the Lee Myung-bak government integrated the two national curriculums and named it NURI Curriculum, which was applied to five-year-olds first in 2012 and then to children of three- and four-year-olds in 2013. At present, children attending either kindergartens or child-care-centers benefit from Local Government Financial Assistance Grants. Lastly, the Park Geun-hye government decided to continue the Lee government’s policies, NURI curriculum, and free education with the Local Government Financial Assistance Grant. In addition to this, her government made an integration agenda in 2014, which consisted of 10 projects. 8 out of 10 projects had been achieved by 2015, and two projects, integrating teacher education and certificate system of both institutes, and uniting two institutes into a Ministry are remain to be achieved.

The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Chun, Yoon-Keun,Ha, Joo-hun,Hong-Jung-Woo,Oh, Soo-Myung,Kim, Sung-Soo 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Yoon-Keun Chun¹,Joohun Ha□Hong-Jung Woo□, Soo Myung Oh□,Sung Soo Kim□ ¹Department of Molecular Biology, College of Medicine,²Department of Surgery, college of Medicine,³Department of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine,and ⁴East-Weat Medical Reserch Institute,Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 212-230, 1999. -Hepatitis B is caused by hepadnavirus. Hepatitis B virus replicates through 3.5kb pregenomic RNA intermediate which is regulated by core promoter. Pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus has been bilieved the result of host immune response. But recently many studies have reported that high level of viral replication caused by mutation in core promoter might result in severs hepatitis. But these studies were performed in vitro, not in vivo. So there is yet debate about which factor, viral of host factor, is more important in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus. So we measured real viral replication level in 204 chronic hepatitis B patients by quantifying HBV DNA from sera by our novel PCR-based more sensitive method, and compared these results with ALT level measured from same sera, which indicates liver cell damage. Surprisingly there are no significant correlation between HBV DNA quantity and ALT level. Then we cloned core promoter region. In SSCP, we found that many viral mutants coexist in one patient. Base on SSCP result, we chose main viral core promoter type in each patients, which is thought to determine overall viral replication level in this patient. Main type of core promoter region of each 41 patients were directly sequenced. And with these we measured promoter activity by luciferase assay system and compared promoter activity with on another. We found tha there were some differences in promoter activity according to core promoter sequences. And we constructed replication-competent viral constructs with core promoter from 41 patients and Transfected these into HepG2 cell and measured HBV DNA by southern blot. There were also differences in HBV DNA quantity according to core promoter sequences. On these all results we investigated correlation between the effect of HBV core promoter on viral replication in vitro and HBN DNA quantity, ALT level from sera of each patients. We found there is no significant correlation among them. As a result, we concluded that in determining severity chronic hepatitis B patients, host factors of each patient is more important rather than replicative activity of virus itself.

수피 돈분 부산물 비료의 부숙단계별 분광학적 특성 변화

박창진,김정규,김정제,박용하,신명교,양재의,최문헌 한국환경농학회 1999 한국환경농학회지 Vol.18 No.4

본 연구는 수피 부산물 비료의 돈분 부산물 비료의 부숙단계별 시료의 유기물 분획의 함량 변화, Δlog K값과 RF값 등의 분광학적 특성 변화, 원형여지 chromatograp의 변화를 측정하여, 부숙도의 판정 기준 설정을 위한 기초 자료로 활용하는데 그 목적이 있다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 수피와 돈분 부산물빌 중 HA-C와 FA-C의 함량은 대체로 부숙이 진행됨에 따라 감소하는 경향이었고, HA-C/FA-C 비는 증가하였다. 수피와 돈분 부산물 비료의 Δlog K값은 부숙이 진행됨에 따라 감소하였으며, RF값은 증가하였다. 생수피의 부식산 형태는 R_p 형태였으나, B형태를 거쳐 120일경과 후 A형태로 변화하여 거의 완숙상태에 도달하였으며, 돈분 부산물 비료의 경우 40일경과 후에도 B형태로 나타나 유기물질의 부숙이 진행중인 것으로 판단되었다. 수피부산물 비료의 원형여지 chromatograph는 120일경과 후에 규칙적인 톱니 모양을 하고 있어 완숙단계에 이른 것으로 판단할 수 있었으나, 돈분 부산물의 경우는 40일이 경과한 후에도 부분적으로 불규칙적인 모양을 하고 있어 부숙이 진행되고 있는 상태인 것으로 판단할 수 있었다. Changes of the spectroscopic characteristics of the organic matter fractions and circular filter paper chromatograph were assessed for the bark and piggery manure composts during the composting. as an approach to base the criteria of the compost maturity evaluation. Contents of humic acid-C (HA-C) and fulvic acid-C (FA-C) in both bark and piggery manure composts were decreased as the composting got closer to maturity, but the ratios of HA-C/FA-C were increased. During the composting. Δlog K values were decreased, but RF values were increased. Humic acid of the mature bark compost after 120 days of composting was A-type, as compared to Rp-type for the raw bark and B-type for the immature compost. However. humic acid of the mature piggery manure composts after 40 days of composting was B-type, indicating the humification of the organic matter fractions continued at this stage. Circular filter paper chromatograph of the mature bark compost exhibited the regular sawteeth pattern at the edge, but that of the mature piggery manure showed an irregular sawteeth pattern. Results demonstrated that spectroscopic characteristics and circular filter paper chromatograph of the organic by-product composts might be employed for the compost stability assessment.

주요 컨테이너항만의 항만요율에 관한 비교연구

하명신 국제무역학회 2003 국제무역연구 Vol.9 No.2

본 연구에서는 아시아의 주요 항만을 선택하여 각 항만간 요율의 차이를 비교하고자 하였다. 특히 부산항의 경쟁력이 낮은 항만요율에 기인한 것이라는 선행연구를 바탕으로 과연 부산항의 항만요율이 경쟁항만에 비해 낮은 지와 여타 항만에 비해 어떤 요율이 낮은지 그리고 이러한 항만요율에 대한 개선책이 무엇인가를 식별하고자 하였다. This research tries to examine port tariff of major Asia ports and compare its difference between each ports. Basically the competitive power of Busan port is some low in literature review and thus the tariff of the port is also lower than competitive ports. This study is trying to identify how much lower it is than other ports. This study has several results as follows: First, container tax in Busan port tends to raise up the whole port tariff. This will be eliminated by port authority to strengthen its competitiveness. Second, loading and unloading charge and charge for custody need to reorganize in Busan port. In case of Hong Kong, they are main revenues and then Busan port need not impose lower loading and unloading charge and charge for custody than its competitive ports. Third, port tariff criterion needs to be standardized because it is so complex and different by port and even country.

베트남 하이퐁항의 투자방안

하명신,장병기,배상욱 한국물류학회 2005 물류학회지 Vol.15 No.1

베트남은 동남아시아 국가들중 가장 경제성장가능성이 높은 국가 중의 하나이다. 본 연구는 베트남의 항만들중 하이퐁항을 선택하여 재무분석 및 그에 근거한 진출전략을 제시하고자 하였다. 재무분석의 결과 기본조건하에서는 재무적 타당성이 있는 것으로 식별되었으며, 민감도 분석에서도 투자타당성은 유지되는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 건설비의 20% 증가시 처리실적이 30%이상 감소하지 않거나, 건설비의 40%증가시 처리실적이 20%이상 감소하지 않고, 심지어 건설비의 60%증가시 처리실적이 10%이상 감소하지 않는다면 여전히 투자타당성은 유지되는 것으로 식별되었다. 그러나 베트남은 사회주의 국가들 중의 하나이므로 하이퐁항의 투자시 전략적 접근이 필요한 상황이다. 주요사항은 베트남 정부와의 장기적 우호관계 유지, 유력한 현지 파트너의 선정, 철저한 계약관계 형성, 이종문화에 대한 이해 등을 들 수 있다. Vietnam is one of the most economically promising countries in Southeast Asia. This study aims at suggesting the entry strategies for the Vietnamese port development on the basis of the financial analysis. For the purpose of the study, first, the Vietnamese port industry is briefly introduced and the best port to invest is revealed. Second, the financial analysis is conducted on Hai Phong, selected as the best port for investment. Positive results are found in the basic conditions for the port development. Its results also indicate that the financial validity will be maintained when the construction cost increases up to 60 percent and that the financial validity will still be maintained when the construction cost increases up to 100 percent provided that containerised cargoes increase by about 20 percent. This study also suggests strategies for future development and significant issues for investors. It is supposed that the actual investment in the Hai Phong port development will be fairly acceptable in terms of the rapidly developing Vietnamese economy and the significantly increasing economic exchange between Korea and Vietnam.

低壓에서 均一過熱 水中에 있어서 氣泡發生에 關한 考察

河鈺男,洪明錫,吳栗權 조선대학교 동력자원연구소 1984 動力資源硏究所誌 Vol.6 No.2

Fer liquid temperature range from 40℃ to 80℃ which is related to flash evaporation, the experimentals were conducted the bubble occurences of superheated water in The conditions of constant circumference pressures by changing the degrees of superheat and liquid temperatures schematically and compared with numerical methods. (1) The ratios of radius, R_1/R_2 were not related to the degrees of superheat, but effected by water column pressures. (2) In the liquid temperature range from 55℃ to 75℃, the values of experimental and those of numerical were well agreed but for the liquid ranges from T=40℃ and the values of experimental were the lower than those of numerical with the lowering the liquid temperatures.

피부관리 고객의 사회인구학적 특성과 피부건강상태에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구 : 진주시 피부관리 고객을 대상으로

하명희 진주간호보건전문대학 1999 진주간호보건전문대학 논문집 Vol.22 No.2