홧병 경험군과 홧병 비경험군간의 홧병의 질병개념에 대한 비교연구

홍진표,김창윤,이창화,김성윤,박인호,이철,한오수 울산대학교 의과대학 1995 울산의대학술지 Vol.4 No.2

Objective The concept of Hwa-byung in terms of illness entity remains vague. In order to clarify such illness entity, this study was conducted to find out differences and similarities in subjects who experienced Hwa-byung and those who did not experienced Hwa-byung from a wide distribution within the general population. Method (1) Test Material The questionnaires were made up with reference to previously published articles on Hwa-byung, to SCL-90-R and to diagnostic criteria of DSM-Ⅲ-R. The questionnaires included the subject's demographic variables, their awareness of Hwa-byung, their experience of Hwa-byung, and also their opinions about its possible causes, precipitating factors, symptomatology, effective treatment modalities, course and prognosis of Hwa-byung. Such questionnaires were given to 50 subjects, all of whom are psychiatric out-patients at Asan Medical Center, for determining its validity and reliability before selecting 27 questionnaires. (2) Subject Subjects were recruited from among patients and their family members who visited the out-patient clinics of seven different departments at Asan Medical Center in Seoul a large metropolis (N=334), the out-patient clinics of seven different departments of Hae Sung General Hospital in the industrial city of Ulsan, Korea (N=299) and the seven branches of the public health center of Yeonchun county, Korea (N=262), a rural area. From these 895 subjects, 67 subjects who don't know about Hwa-byung and 34 subjects who didn't answered to the question on experience were eliminated from study subjects. The final number of study subjects was 794. (3) Methods of analysis The subjects were divided into the Hwa-byung experienced group and the Hwa-byung inexperienced group. The demographic data and the concepts of Hwa-byung were statistically analyzed by the student t-test or the chi-sq test. Results and Discussion The mean age of the Hwa-byung experienced group is significantly higher than that of the Hwa-byung inexperienced group. MOre women experienced Hwa-byung than men and lesser educated subjects experienced significantly more Hwa-byung. The place of residence, the place of upbringing and socioeconomic status have no significant difference statistically between the two groups. Both groups considered the primary cause of Hwa-byung as being psychological origin. However in the Hwa-byung experienced group, more subjects considered that the supernatural factor was the primary cause of Hwa-byung. One of the primary precipitating events causing Hwa-byung in both groups is conflict in interpersonal relationships ; however, the Hwa-byung inexperienced group exhibited more experiences in the realm of economical losses such as "failure of business" or "loss of capital" as precipitating factors causing Hwa-byung. Both groups consider that the symptoms of Hwa-byung are a combination of multiple physical and mental symptoms. With particular respect to in mental symptoms, such as depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and hostility are thought to be prominent features. As effective treatment modalities, subjects in both groups consider that both himself and his family members should make effort to resolve intrafamilial conflicts. But in contrast with the Hwa-byung inexperienced group, the Hwa-byung experienced group requires more concrete and more attention-giving modalities as important treatment strategies. The Hwa-byung experienced group considers its prognosis more grave than the Hwa-byung inexperienced group.

박화성 소설의 탈식민적 페미니즘 연구 : 『벼랑에 피는 꽃』을 중심으로

이미화(Lee Mi-hwa) 우리문학회 2014 우리文學硏究 Vol.0 No.42

박화성의 소설『벼랑에 피는 꽃』은 페미니스트 현석란이 가부장제 사회 속에서 일본 제국주의에 대한 저항을 일생의 목표로 하여 살아온 이야기를 수미상관의 기법으로 전개한 작품이다. 17세부터 36년 동안에 현석란은 ‘우리만의 힘으로 대한의 딸들을 기르리라’는 목표를 실현하기 위해 고군분투하였다. 이런 현석란의 삶은 독립을 목표로 싸운 조선의 36년과 같았다. 즉 근대 초기 여류작가로만 인식되고 있는 박화성은 해방 이후에도 계속적으로 항일저항의식을 간직하는 작품을 집필한 현대적 작가였던 것이다. 본고는 『벼랑에 피는 꽃』에 나타난 언어제국주의 비판과 민족주의적 여성정체성, 이중 억압에 대한 저항으로서의 자매애와 형제애, 식민지 여성의 양면적 섹슈얼리티를 통해 이를 밝히고자 한다. Park Hwa-sung the『Flowers blooming on a cliff』 is a feminist in a patriarchal society hyeonseokran is the resistance to Japanese imperialism, and lived the life story of Sumi aims to do the work of development of the technique. 36 years from 53 years old to 17 years old during the Hyeonseokran is "the power of our own will bring up the daughters" were struggling to achieve the goal. Hyeonseokran goal of this struggle is fought independence of Korea and the like may be 36 years. That is recognized as the only female writer in the early modern Park Hwa-sung anti-Japanese resistance continued even after the liberation thus keeping the ceremony was the work will be written by a modern writer. This paper is a 『Flowers blooming on a cliff』 appears in the language of nationalist criticism and female identity, imperialism, dual sisterhood and brotherhood as the resistance to oppression, colonial ambivalent sexuality of women who were saying it over.

華夷觀과 조선조 사대부의 對外認識

조명화(Cho Myung-Hwa) 한국중어중문학회 2012 中語中文學 Vol.51 No.-

“The sense of Hwa- Yi”(華夷觀) - The distinction of China Civilization vs Outer Civilization - is not only the ideology needed to govern China domestically, but the principle of the international relationship which China demanded to surrounding nations, It had a far-reaching influence on the internal systems of many East -Asian countries as well as China. Therefore, we can find that “The sense of Hwa-Yi”(華夷觀) is the major topics of many realms related to East-Asian nations, not to mention China-related realms. This study aims to examine how “Sadaebu(士大夫)” - the ruling class of Chosun dynasty - accepted “The sense of Hwa-Yi”(華夷觀) which originated in China, how they applied it in governing the nation and formulating the diplomatic relation with China, and especially how it affected the perception on foreign nations among Chosun Sadaebu. “Sadaebu” of the later Chosun dynasty advocated Chosun-Sinocentrism, belief that since the Ming dynasty was perished the Sinocentric civilization remained only In Chosun, It was intended in part as a means to exalt the national self-respect. Contrary to some criticism that to judge the latter part of the Chosun dynasty from this point of view is a sort of nationalism, Chosun-Sinocentrism among the ruling class of the later Chosun dynasty is Quite different from the aggressive nationalism which was prevalent in Europe and Japan, It served mainly as a means to enhance the cultural self-respect. We can point out the mistakes of Chosun-Sinocentrism that it degraded to the empty idealism by placing lOa much emphasis on self-identity, and that it was recognized as a general principle, though the true nature and intention of Chosun-Sinocentrism was only a means to encourage the self-respect. Due to revulsion against the fact that other race than the Han occupied the home of the Sinocentric Civilization, the ruling class of the later Chosun dynasty rejected the Qing dynasty firmly and continuously, The sentiment of revulsion lasted too long, and it resulted in the distorted foreign relations of the Chosun dynasty. Owing to the perverted perception, Korean people spent nearly 100 years without understanding China exactly. It is very important for Korean people to understand China exactly in the first place, in order to get the correct perception on the foreign countries, It is possible by exactly understanding the perception on China in the past. Therefore, we need to comprehend the cause and effect of the distorted recognition on China among Chosun Sadaebu.

양격산화탕(凉膈散火湯)의 항염증(抗炎症) 효과에 대한 연구

탁미진,탁명림,강경화,고우신,윤화정,Tak, Mi-Jin,Tark, Myoung-Rim,Kang, Kyoung-Hwa,Ko, Woo-Shin,Yoon, Hwa-Jung 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2010 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Objective: Yang Geouk San Hwa - Tang (YGSHT) has been widely used in Sasang Constitutional Medicine of Korea for treatment of acute inflammatory symptom, such as palatine tonsillitis, polydipsia, headache, papule, pimple however, the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory activity has not been clarified. In this study, therefore, we investigated the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of YGSHT on LPS-induced inflammation. Materials and methods: The effect of YGSHT was analyzed by ELISA, RT-PCR and Western blotting in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Results: We found that YGSHT suppressed not only the production of pre-inflammatory cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-$\alpha$), the generation of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E (PGE)2, but also the mRNA expression of pre-inflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Furthermore, YGSHT was shown to inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 and the activation and translocation of NF-kB from cytosol to nuclear in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions: These results suggest that YGSHT exerts an anti-inflammatory effect through the regulation of the ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 pathway and NF-kB pathway, thereby decreasing production of pre-inflammatory cytokines, NO, and PGE2.

화병(火病)을 동반한 갱년기 환자 치험 5례

송유림 ( Yu-rim Song ),박경미 ( Kyung-mi Park ),양승정 ( Seung-jeong Yang ),이은규 ( Eun-kyu Lee ),김혜화 ( Hye-hwa Kim ),조성희 ( Seong-hee Cho ) 대한한방부인과학회 2016 大韓韓方婦人科學會誌 Vol.29 No.4

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of Korean traditional treatments for Climacteric Syndrome Patients with Hwa-Byung. Methods: From February 2015 to May 2015, We treated 5 Cases Patients with Korean traditional treatments for a month. We measured treatment effects by Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), Beck`s Depression Inventory (BDI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI). Results: After treatment, First, the scores of MRS, BDI were decreased. Second, the symptoms such as hot flush, pantalgia, palpitation, insomnia, fatigue were significantly improved. Also, the difference of ?中 (CV17, Danjung) and 關元 (CV4, Guanyuan) temperatures were significantly decreased after treatment. Conclusions: This study suggests that Korean traditional treatments such as Gamicheonglijagam-hwan, acupuncture, moxibustion are effective on Climacteric Syndrome Patients with Hwa-Byung.

정조(正租)의 화성행차(華城行次)에 나타난 의장(儀仗)과 복식(服飾)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

이혜영 ( Hye Young Lee ),심하진 ( Hwa Jin Shim ) 한국패션비즈니스학회 2002 패션 비즈니스 Vol.6 No.2

Honor guards` dress represented by royal carriage parade. This thesis studies the ceremonial dress worn by the ceremonial troops during the Hwa-sung Hang-hang Ban-cha drawing (華城幸行班次圖) in the Chosun dynasty of King Jung-jo. The purpose of this study is to understand the national level ceremony by closely looking into the traditional ceremonial dress and the various signs that were used at these events thereby enhancing the cultural status of the Jung-jo King period. The Hwa-sung Hang-hang Ban-cha drawing(華城幸行班次圖) has its characteristics and also has commonality between the garments worn at these ceremonies. These garments are a traditional heritage brought down from many ages before and is a reflection of the changes that have occurred within our everyday life. Among these many records the Bancha-do(班次圖) is a representation of records that show what was worn by both nobles down to the ceremonial troops. The uniforms of the ceremonial troops were not only huge in size but also very diverse according to rank and grade. They used strong true colors with colorful flags, ceremonial items and musical instruments. These all added to the grandeur of the ceremony. The ceremonial flag was itself a symbol and was the core of the whole ceremony and parade. These ceremonial flags represented the heaven, sun, moon, hill and animals as well as supernatural gods. All these showed change in shape, color and content by age and time. Also the Yongmun Gichi(Dragon flag: 龍紋旗幟) is a supernatural being representing the power and wish of the ruler. The Chunsang-mun represents the indivisible relationship between man and heaven and also a metaphor for absolute power. A close look at ceremonial instruments show a direct representation towards power such as an axe, spear and sword and integrated with other large ceremonial items not only provided a shade but was also a representation of worship. These all were a more or less representation of authority. The musical instruments expressed the absolute authority of the ruler and maintained the marching order and also added grandeur to the parade. A summary of the ceremonial troops in the As seen above, these national ceremonies were a representation of the present power of authority and the will to rule. These ideas and the philosophy of "ruled by heaven" is represented here in the uniforms and the ceremony itself. The Bicentennial anniversary of the Nung - hang of February 1795 will be an excellent opportunity to show and inherit the tradition and recreation of our heritage. In this view we must look at the color and shape of traditional dress to be able to inherit and learn from our ancestors.

청간소요산으로 호전된 설통 환자 3례

김연진,양승보,김정화,이상화,조승연,박성욱,박정미,고창남,Kim, Yeon-jin,Yang, Seung-bo,Kim, Jeong-hwa,Lee, Sang-hwa,Cho, Seung-yeon,Park, Seong-uk,Park, Jung-mi,Ko, Chang-nam 대한한방내과학회 2017 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.38 No.4

Objectives: This clinical study reports the effects of Cheonggansoyo-san (CSS) on three patients with glossodynia. Methods: Three patients with glossodynia were treated with CSS (i.e., an herbal medicine) and acupuncture. Numeric rating scales (NRSs) for glossodynia and dry mouth and hwa-byung questionnaire scores were evaluated, and the results from heart rate variability (HRV) evaluations were analyzed. Results: After treatment with CSS, three patients' glossodynia symptoms, such as burning sensations, tingling, and numbness of the tongue, were improved. NRS ratings for glossodynia and dry mouth and the hwa-byung questionnaire scores also improved, and HRV parameters were closer to the normal range. Conclusion: Cheonggansoyo-san could be used to treat glossodynia.

Chemical Constituents of Essential Oils Possessing Anti-Influenza A/WS/33 Virus Activity

Hwa-Jung Choi 질병관리본부 2018 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.9 No.6

Osong Public Health Res Perspect > 9(6); 2018 > Article Original Article Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives 2018;9(6):348-353. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.6.09 Chemical Constituents of Essential Oils Possessing Anti-Influenza A/WS/33 Virus Activity Hwa-Jung Choi* Department of Beauty Science, Kwangju Women’s University, Gwangju, Korea *Corresponding author: Hwa-Jung Choi, Department of Beauty Science, Kwangju Women’s University, Gwangju, South Korea, E-mail: rerived@kwu.ac.kr Received April 30, 2018 Revised November 23, 2018 Accepted November 27, 2018 Copyright ©2018, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (open-access, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/): This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Abstract Objectives This study was conducted to determine whether essential oils had anti-influenza A/WS/33 virus activity and whether there were specific compounds associated with this activity. Methods There were 63 essential oils evaluated for anti-influenza (A/WS/33 virus) activity using a cytopathic effect reduction method. The chemical composition of the anti-influenza essential oils was phytochemically analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results The antiviral assays demonstrated that 11 of the 62 essential oils (100 μg/mL) possessed anti-influenza activity, reducing visible cytopathic effects of influenza A/WS/33 virus activity by > 30%. Furthermore, marjoram, clary sage and anise oils exhibited anti-influenza A/WS/33 virus activity of > 52.8%. However, oseltamivir (the anti-influenza A and B drug), showed cytotoxicity at the same concentration (100 μg/mL) as the essential oils. The chemical composition detected by GC–MS analysis, differed amongst the 3 most potent anti-viral essential oils (marjoram, clary sage and anise oils) except for linalool, which was detected in all 3 essential oils. Conclusion This study demonstrated anti-influenza activity in 11 essential oils tested, with marjoram, clary sage and anise essential oils being the most effective at reducing visible cytopathic effects of the A/WS/33 virus. All 3 oils contained linalool, suggesting that this may have anti-influenza activity. Further investigation is needed to characterize the antiviral activity of linalool against influenza A/WS/33 virus.

이영도 시조 연구

유지화(Yoo, Ji-Hwa) 한국시조학회 2015 시조학논총 Vol.42 No.-

한국의 대표적 여류시인으로 평가받고 있는 정운(丁芸) 이영도(李永道)가 작품활동을 시작한 것은 1946년 5월 『죽순』 창간호에 <제야>를 발표하면서부터다. 일찍부터 유교적 가풍과 전통적 가치관을 몸에 익히며 체화된 그의 한국적 정체성은 자신의 문학에 짙게 표출되어, 1976년 그가 타계할 때까지 30여 년에 걸쳐 한국 여류시조 문단에 독보적인 인물로 남게 된다. 그럼에도 불구하고 이영도는 그의 숭고한 작가 정신과 작품이 보여준 우월성이 그의 개인적인 사생활로 인해 작품 평가의 공정성이 약화된 점 또한 부인하기 어렵다. 이런 관점에서 볼 때 이영도의 시조를 텍스트로 하여 그의 시조가 지닌 문학적 역량과 시조미학을 천착해 볼 필요가 있다. 주지하듯 이영도는 한국의 근?현대 시단에서 굳건하게 자리잡은 시인이다. 그의 시 정신과 시 세계에 대해 고찰한 바를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 시대적 격랑기를 거쳐 온 이영도 시조의 원천은 조국이었다. 일제 탄압, 8·15 해방, 민족 분단, 6·25전쟁, 4·19 혁명, 5·16 군사 정변 등 그가 겪은 역사적 파고를 볼 때 의식 있는 지식인으로서 그의 시에 시대정신으로서의 조국애가 반영된 것은 우연이 아님을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 이영도는 시대적 아픔을 남달리 고뇌한 시인이다. 일찍부터 형성된 유교적 가치관과 한국적 정체성은 그가 처한 역사적 현실과 맞물려 자신의 시 세계에 짙게 투영된다. 셋째, 정운 이영도는 그리움의 시인이다. 그것은 이영도의 타고난 풍부한 정서위에 유치환 시인과의 만남으로 정한이 깊어진 것으로 보인다. 넷째, 이영도는 시조의 현대화에 새로운 지평을 연 시인이다. 그의 작품에 내포된 투명한 이미지와 살뜰한 언어의 조탁미는 탁월하다. 요컨대 이영도는 조국애의 시인, 시대적 아픔을 고뇌한 시인, 그리움의 시인으로서 근·현대시조단에 확고하게 자리매김한 철저한 예인으로 평가된다. Jeongun(丁芸) Lee, Young-do (李永道), who is deemed a representative female poet of Korea, began her literary career in May, 1946 when she published <Jeya> in a publication called 『Bamboo Sprout, (죽순)』. Her Korean identity, which was formed through her Confucius upbringing as well as traditional value system of her family, had a strong presence in her work, and she remained a quintessential figure in Korea’s female sijo poet circle for 30 years until her passing in 1976. Despite the highly acclaimed talent and her noble aspirations, it is undeniable that her works did not receive fair assessment due to her private life. Against this backdrop, it is necessary to deeply inquire the literary values and beauty of Young-do Lee’s sijo. As mentioned, Young-do Lee is a solidly established figure in Korea’s modern poetry. The following illustrates the spirit and the world of her poetry. First, Young-do Lee lived through turbulent times and it was her country that served as the source of her sijo work. Assessing the multitude of dramatic historical events such as Japanese colonization, 8.15 Liberation of Korea, division of the nation, 6.25 Korean war, 4.19 Revolution, 5.16 military coup, it is natural that patriotism was strongly present in her work who was one of the intellectuals at the time. Second, Young-do Lee is a poet who had experienced more pain than others in terms of the turbulence of the time. Her Korean identity, which was formed through her Confucius upbringing as well as traditional value system of her family, had a strong presence in her work. Third, Jeongun Lee, Young-do is a poet of longing. The abundance and richness of her emotions were fortified through the relationship with another poet, Chihwan Yu. Fourth, Young-do Lee is a poet opened up new horizons for the modennization. The transparency of image reflected in her work and the elaborate nature of her language are outstanding. In summary, Young-do Lee was a true artist, who has a strong presence in Korea’s modern poetry society, and who was a poet of patriotism, poet who suffered the turbulence of the times, and a poet of longing.

정지용 연구의 범위와 가능성

이근화(Lee, Geun-Hwa) 한국시학회 2015 한국시학연구 Vol.- No.44

이 글은 2015년 서정시학에서 발간된『정지용 전집』의 체재와 구성을 살피고 발간 의의를 밝히는 것을 목적으로 한다. 새 전집은 정지용 연구에 매진해 온 최동호 교수가 동료, 후학들과 함께 그 동안 수집된 자료를 총망라하여 편찬하였다. 이번 전집은 각각 시, 산문, 원문시집 등 세 권으로 구성되어 있는데 발표 시기별, 작품집별로 원문을 제시하여 작품 창작의 흐름과 방향을 한 눈에 살필 수 있게 하였다. 원문 대조를 통해 정확한 원본 자료를 제시하고 출처와 발굴 경로를 일일이 밝혔다. 또한 시어와 시형의 변화를 조감할 수 있도록 부록에서 원문 대조 도표를 제시하고 있다. 새로 발간된 전집은 이전에 발간된 전집에서 찾아볼 수 없는 방대한 양의 자료를 포함한다. 국내에서 새로 발굴된 창작시와 일본에서 발굴된 다수의 일본어 시, 산문의 원본과 번역문이 수록되어 있다. 백여 편에 이르는 발굴작을 통해 정지용의 시세계를 새롭게 조명해볼 수 있는 시각을 마련할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 특히 일본어 작품과 번역 자료의 보충은 정지용의 시 창작에 있어 번역 작업의 영향력과 비교 연구의 가능성을 한층 높이는 계기가 될 것이다. 또한 학위논문과 학적부, 친필 자료, 사진과 기사, 연보와 연표, 연구서지 등의 자료도 보충되었다.『정지용 전집』은 앞으로 정지용 연구에서 필수적인 일차 자료로서 연구의 독자성과 창의성을 높이는 기반이 될 것으로 전망된다. This article aims to introduce a new edition of Jeong, Ji-Yong’s Complete Works, recently published by Lyric Poetry and Poetics and point out the distinguishing features of this edition. Jeong, Ji-Yong’s Complete Works is composed of three volumes, and each volume contains poems, essays, and the original collection of poems. This anthology helps to explain, at a glance, the tendencies of Jeong, Ji-Yong’s poetry, by organizing his works in chronological order. Furthermore, by comparing the original text to previous editions, this edition provides precise sources and references, and includes an appendix that guides the readers in order to recognize the changes of poetic diction and form in the poems. Compared to other books focused on Jeong, Ji-Yong, this new issue covers extensive information and material, which also includes newly discovered poems from Korea, poems in Japanese discovered in Japan, and essays, both original and translated texts. These more than one hundred newly discovered poems make it possible for scholars to gain a whole new perspective on Jeong, Ji-Young’s work. This edition contains all of Jeong, Ji-Yong’s work, not only his less known poems, but also his degree thesis, school record and class information, autographed materials, photos, articles, essays, a biography, a chronological listing of his works, and a bibliography. Jeong, Ji-Yong’s Complete Work, as a primary source for study, can play a significant role in encouraging new and creative discussions on Jeong, Ji-Yong and his works.