A Case of Urethral Stent for Recurrent Urethral Stricture and Penile Prosthesis for Erectile Dysfunction

Jung, Gyung-Woo,Song, Young-Jin,Park, Young-Ho,Kwon, Heon-Young,Yoon, Jin-Han 동아대학교의과대학 1992 동아의대학술지 Vol.4 No.1

고려시대 충청도 연안의 포구에 관한 연구

문경호(Mun Gyung-Ho) 호서사학회 2010 역사와 담론 Vol.0 No.56

The coast of Chungcheong-do is important in its location in coast traffic: many people and merchants coming and going to China had passed the coast; and all the local products of the southern part had been sent to the capital city through the coast in the Goryeo and Joseon Dynasty. Despite such importance, there have been few systematic researches on the coast, and in this context, the purpose of this study is to identify the locations of estuaries around Chungcheong-do by reviewing materials between the Goryeo and Joseon Dynasty and to investigate changes in the estuaries based on time flow. In general the estuaries and traffic routes in the west coast of Chungcheong-do that had been used since Goryeo were located in the Asan bay to the north and around the Cheonsu bay and the mouth of the Geum River, centered on Taean Peninsula. Estuaries around the Asan bay were represented by Beomgeunnae-po at the mouth of the Beomgeunnae River, Punghae-po and Hoehae-po at the north of Myeoncheon, Pyeonseop-po of Jiksan, while estuaries around the Chunsu bay and the mouth of the Geum River were represented by Goman-do off the coast of Boryeong, Jangamjin at the mouth of the Geum River, and Seokgok-po at Gyeolseong bay. Most of the estuaries had been used from the period of Baekje through the Goryeo and Joseon Dynasty, but they, connecting to Gongju, Buyeo, and Gyeongju, began to lose their international nature when Gaegyeong was designated to be the capital city after Goryeo was founded. Instead, they engaged attention in Goryeo in that they were in the course of cargo vessels and served as military important positions. In particular, the estuaries were intensified of its military functions related to invasions of Japanese raiders between the late Goryeo and the early Joseon, when the Japanese raiders fiercely invaded into the Korean Peninsula. However, this study is limited in identifying more estuaries and investigating their historical changes because there are few materials left and lots of materials were lost as coast traffic has been declined by land transportation. Further studies may focus on the limitation with Chang-po, Daesan-po, and Ho-po, known as the names of the estuaries around Susan area.

제트베인형 추력편향장치의 공기역학적 특성

박종호,이성노,이은모,신완순,이택상,길경섭 충남대학교 공업교육연구소 2000 論文集 Vol.23 No.1

The aerodynamic study of jetvane type TVC(Thrust Vector Control) were conducted using supersonic cold-flow system. The use of TVC Systems in particular jet vanes, are currently being researched for use in air launch, ship launch, underwater launch and high altitude maneuvering of tactical missiles and rockets. The necessity to generate control forces to rapidly change the course of the missile is frequently required when traditional, exterior aerodynamic surfaces are unable to produce these forces, when the flow over the control surface is insufficient. This situation can occur at launch, or high angles of attack of the control surfaces. Jetvanes performed well at all altitudes and environmental conditions, and jet vanes are extremely effective at deflection angles up to as high as 30 degrees, make them ideal for the launch and maneuver applications. In this study, aerodynamic performance test of jetvane type TVC was conducted, and The effect of shape and deflection angle of various types of jetvanes are investigated

결명자 추출물의 추출특성 및 항산화 효과

나경민,한호석,예수향,김현구 한국식생활문화학회 2004 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.19 No.5

The present study was conducted to investigate extraction characteristics and antioxidative activity of Cassia tora L. extracts, Casia tora L. was extracted by reflux extraction under different extraction conditions including solvent. The solid yield, turbidity, color value, titratable acidity, free sugar contents, electron donating ability and superoxide dismutase-like ability of Cassia tora L. extracts were determined. The highest solid yield value was obtained with water of 10 fold. No significant difference in turbidity and color value were found among the extracts prepared with various extraction solvents, 75% ethanol, 50% ethanol and water. The highest titratable acidity was obtained with 50% ethanol of Cassia tora L.. The free sugar contents of Cassia tora L. extracted with water showed the highest value. Cassia tora L. extracts with water included higher contents of free sugar compared with those of the other solvent extracts, 50% ethanol and 75% ethanol extracts. The total polyphenol compound content of Cassia tora L. extracted with 50% ethanol showed the highest value. Cassia tora L. extracts with 50% ethanol included higher contents of total polyphenol compound compared with those of the other solvent extracts, water and 75% ethanol extracts.

梓木이 腦血流 및 血壓에 미치는 影響

황경택,경은호,나한일,소응향,최병화,한종현 한국전통의학연구소 2003 한국전통의학지 Vol.13 No.1

The purpose of this study is to measure the changes of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and blood pressure (BP) in rats, following the intravenous injection of Catalpa Ovata Water Extract (COWE). The measurement was continually monitored by laser-doppler flowmeter (Transonic Instrument, USA) and pressure tranducer(Grass, USA) in anesthetized adult Sprague-Dawley rats through the data acquisition system composed of MacLab and Macintosh computer. The result of this experiment was as following : COWE increased the changes of rCBF and BP significantly. After pretreatment with propranolol and indomethacin, the changes of rCBF were inhibited significantly, but not by L-NNA and methylene blue. Also, after pretreatment with propranolol, the changes of BP were inhibited significantly, but not by L-NNA, methylene blue and indomethacin. According to above result, it is considered that Catalpa Ovata increased the rCBF and BP, related to adrenergic β-receptor.

1832年 英國 選擧法改正 以前의 選擧法改正運動

이경일,남철호 진주산업대학교 2004 論文集 Vol.43 No.-

There are many studies on the English Reform Act of 1832. The advocates of the traditional view have held that motives of whigs was a ‘concession’ for the sake of their interest. But this views have many weakness. D. C. Moore has described the Reform Act as an attempted constitutional ‘cure' to maintain Deference Community rather than as a concession. But, R. Davis and J. R. Dinwiddy denied the traditional view and the new one. This thesis aims to examine the Reform Act movements before 1832 in British. Two points derived from examined above can be summed up as follows. First, English Reform Act Movements and English Reform Act of 1832 were attained not by middle class pressure but by whig reformers' efforts to maintain a mixed and balanced constitution which existed from long time ago. Yorkshire Movements are special examples. Reformers who succeeded Yorkshire Movements tradition consistently tried to the Reform, at last they achieved the Reform Act 1832. Second, in relation to the whig reformers' motives, they motivated not by party interest, landed class interest or fear of revolution, but rather by a spirit of reform, a positive belief that reform was in accordance with whig principles. They just intended to maintain a mixed constitution. Different from D. C. Moore's view, whig reformers tried to deprive of rotten and nomination boroughs and then redistribute them to large industrial town. They wanted to give middle classes the franchise. So, they intended to strengthen middle classes' influence. Summing up, the Reform Act movements before 1832 were the touchstone of the Great Reform Act.

니켈 및 코발트의 세포독성 기전에서 Nitric Oxide의 역할

염정호,오경재,유영천 대한산업의학회 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.3

목적 : 이 연구는 RAW 264.7 cell의 배양조건에 니켈, 코발트 또는 iNOS의 competitive inhibitor인 NMLA를 여러 조건으로 처리하여 NO 생성의 변조유무 및 이와 관련된 ATP 생성과 세포생존율의 변조양상을 관찰하므로써 니켈 및 코발트가 염증반응을 일으키는 세포독성 과정에서의 NO 역할에 대해 알아보고자 실시하였다. 방법 : Balb/c 마우스의 복강내에 Abelson leukemia virus(A-MuLV)를 주입하여 발생시킨 대식세포주 RAW 264.7 세포의 배양조건에 니켈, 코발트 또는 iNOS의 특이억제체인 NMLA를 여러 조건으로 처리하여 NO 생성의 변조유무 및 이와 관련된 ATP 생성과 세포생존율의 변조양상을 관찰하였다. 세포생존율은 trypan-blue dye exclusion 방법을 이용하였으며 NO는 Hibbs 등(1987)의 방법에 따라 그 대사물질인 nitrite(NO2-)의 측정을 통해 간접 측정하였다. 또한, ATP는 세포막을 파괴한 후 luciferase와 ATP의 반응에 따른 발광정도를 luminometer로 측정하였다. 한편, 각 실험조건에서의 세포의 형태학적 변화는 inverted microscope(×400)를 이용하여 관찰하였다. 결과 : 기본배양조건에 cytokines과 여러 농도의 니켈 또는 코발트의 단독 및 동시첨가의 경우 두 금속 모두 50 μM, 48시간을 기점으로 NO 생성량은 첨가농도의 증가에 따라 용량의존적으로 증가하다가 그 이상의 농도 및 시간에서는 현저히 감소하였으며, 동일 조건에서의 세포생존율은 저 농도에서는 대조군과 차이가 없었으나 전반적으로 첨가한 금속의 농도증가에 따라 용량 및 시간 경과에 따라서 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 두 금속 모두 세포생존율 및 NO의 생성율이 높게 유지되는 50 μM, 48시간 배양 조건에서의 결과 또한, 니켈 및 코발트 첨가는 두 금속 모두 cytokines만의 첨가시보다 NO 생성을 더욱 증가시켰으며 ATP 생성정도는 NO 생성 양상과는 반대로 니켈 및 코발트 모두 대조군보다 현저히 감소하였다. 한편 동일 조건에서의 세포생존율은 ATP 감소양상과 비슷하였으며, 이러한 결과들은 두 금속의 동시첨가시 상가(additive)작용으로 나타났다. 한편, 니켈 및 코발트를 단독 또는 동시 첨가한 경우 모두에서 나타났던 NO의 증가와 ATP 감소 및 세포생존율의 감소는 iNOS 억제제인 NMLA를 전처리로 NO 생성은 감소하고 ATP 및 세포생존율은 증가하여 모든 경우에서 대조군 수준으로 완전히 회복되었다. 또한, 이러한 경향은 RAW 264.7 세포를 여러 실험 조건으로 배양한 후 세포상태를 inverted microscope로 관찰한 결과에서도 동일한 결과를 나타내어 니켈 또는 코발트의 첨가로 나타났던 전반적인 세포의 위축과 불규칙한 외형들은 NMLA의 전처리에서는 나타나지 않았다. 결론 : 이상의 결과에서, 니켈 및 코발트는 대식세포의 NO 생성을 증가시키며 이들 금속에 의한 ATP 생성 억제는 그 간 알려졌던 NO의 궁극적인 독성양상인 ATP 생성억제와 동일한 결과로서, 니켈 및 코발트는 대식세포를 활성화시켜 NO 생성을 증가시키고 NO는 ATP 생성을 억제하여 생존율을 감소시키는 것으로 사료된다. 한편, 니켈 및 코발트의 독성효과들은 NMLA를 전처리로 완전하게 억제되고 있어 니켈 및 코발트의 독성은 대부분 NO에 의해 매개됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 NO는 니켈 및 코발트의 염증유발 과정에서 중요한 매개역할을 수행하리라 사료된다. Objectives : The nickel and cobalt present in many industrial working environments and consumer products. They are two of the leading causes of allergic contact dermatitis, which is a typical delayed(type IV) hypersensitivity reaction. However, the mechanism by which nickel and cobalt causes this pathology is not well known. The nickel and cobalt induced contact dermatitis is mediated primarily through macrophages. This mechanism is similar to the autotoxicity procedure for NO. Therefore, this study was designed to examine whether the metals could modulate NO productihb and how the metals may affect ATP production and cell viability. In summary, the purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of NO in the nickel and cobalt induced cytotoxicity. Methods : This study is based on observations of cultures of RAW 264.7 cells which are originated from a tumor of Balb/c mouse that was induced by Abelson murine leukemia virus. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with either Ni, Co, Ni plus Co, or N-monomethyl-L- arginine(NMLA) for 24-72 h. The cytotoxicity of the nickel and cobalt was measured by cell viability and NO2-, and mitochondrial function was evaluated by adenosine triphosphate(ATP) production in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, the morphology of cells was observed using an inverted microsope. Results : The NO2- synthesis of RAW 264.7 cells increased with increasing concentrations of Ni and Co up to 50 μM after 24 and 48 h of exposure to Ni and Co but then decreased if the concentration was greater than 50 μM and the time period was greater than 48 h. However, the viability of cells was decreased by Ni and Co exposure in a dose and time dependent manner. Therefore, 50 μM Ni or Co and 48 h of treatment were used in this study. A complete inhibition of NO2- synthesis by Ni or/and Co occurred when iNOS inhibitor, NMLA, were pretreated prior to addition of Ni or/and Co, whereas Ni or/and Co induced decrease of synthesis of ATP and viability completely recovered when NMLA were pretreated prior to addition of Ni or/and Co. Ni or/and Co(50 μM) induced the characteristic morphological features of cytotoxicity which is characterized by a shrinkage of cytoplasm and irregular shape of the cells, but the pretreatment of NMLA resulted in a recovered morphological change of the cells to their normal appearance. Conclusions : These results suggest that NO plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the cytotoxicity of nickel and cobalt, and nickel and cobalt may exert their toxicities by means of modulation of NO prduction. The results from this study may facilitate further understanding the role of NO of nickel and cobalt induced immune and inflammatory processes.

백서 뇌의 정상 노화와 병적 노화 과정의 조직학적 차이 및 약물효과

전진숙,한호성,장희경,길영기,김순옥 대한생물치료정신의학회 1997 생물치료정신의학 Vol.3 No.1

Objectives : Besides of malnutrition and neurotoxic effect of alcohol on the prefrontal cortex or subcortical structures, premature aging may be involved in alcohol-induced cognitive disorders. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of alcohol on short-term memory function and histology, and to identify the drug responses and an association with aging process to understand a biological mechanism underlying alcoholic dementia. Methods: In experiment 1, T-maze tests were done in 5 aged controls and 5 atropine-treated rats. In experiment 2, T-maze tests were repeated on every week for a month in 5 normal adult and 5 ethanol-treated rats. In experiment 3, T-maze tests were repeated on every week for a month in seven groups of 5 ethanol-treated rats injected with normal saline, fluoxetine, bromocriptine, bethacholine, nimodipine, clonidine and ketamine. After completion of behavioral tests rats were sacrificed by the intracardiac perfusion with phosphate buffered 10% formaldehyde solution, and the brain specimen was stained with hematoxylin-eosin to count cells in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Results: 1) Cell numbers of hippocampus(CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus) and prefrontal cortex were reduced in ethanol-treated rats(P<0.05) without significant changes on T-maze tests. 2)Cell numbers of hippocampus(CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus) and prefrontal cortex were recovered by bethacholine(P<0.05), while those of hippocampus raised by bromocriptine and clonidine(P<0.05 respectively). There were no significant changes on T-maze tests. 3) Cell numbers of prefrontal cortex in ethanol-treated rats were correlated with those of atropine-treated(r=0.977,P<0.001), and of normal aged(r=0.448, P<0.05) rats. Conclusions : Alcohol-induced memory disorder might be mainly related with cholinergic system as well as adrenergic or dopaminergic ones. Pathological aging process could be involved in a mechanism underlying alcoholic dementia.

오미자 추출물의 추출특성 및 항산화 효과

김현구,나경민,예수향,한호석 한국식생활문화학회 2004 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.19 No.5

The present study was conducted to investigate extraction characteristics and antioxidative activity of Schiznadra chinensis extracts. Schiznadra chinensis was extracted by reflux extraction(RE) under different extraction conditions including solvent. The solid yield, turbidity, color value, titratable acidity, free sugar contents, electron donating ability(EDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like ability of Schiznadra chinensis extracts were determined. The highest solid yield value was obtained with water of 10 fold. No significant difference in turbidity and color value were found among the extracts prepared with various extraction solvents, 75% ethanol, 50% ethanol and water. The highest titratable acidity was obtained with water extracts of Schiznadra chinensis. The free sugar contents of Schiznadra chinensis extracted with water showed the highest value. Schiznadra chinensis extracts with water included higher contents of free sugar compared with those of the other solvent extracts, 50% ethanol and 75% ethanol extracts. The total polyphenol compound content of Schiznadra chinensis extracted with 50% ethanol showed the highest value. Schiznadra chinensis extracts with 50% ethanol included higher contents of total polyphenol compound compared with those of the other solvent extracts, water and 75% ethanol extracts. The electron donating ability of extracts were 60.87% in water, 57.24% in 50% ethanol, and 55.61% in 75% ethanol.

수은화합물이 마우스 복강대식세포와 EMT-6 세포에 미치는 효과

고대하,염정호,기노석,오경재,권근상,김성엽,김남송 大韓産業醫學會 1996 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.8 No.2

Balb/c 마우스의 복강대식세포 및 유선암에서 기원한 EMT-6 세포를 배양하는 조건에 여러농도의 수은을 첨가하여 nitrite와 nitrate 생성의 변화를 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 복강대식세포 및 EMT-6 세포가 생성하는 nitrite와 nitrate 양은 배양시작 12시간째의 생성량에 비해 24시간 후에는 2배, 36시간 후에는 3배의 농도로 측정되어 된다. 이때 nitrite와 nitrate 농도사이에는 매우 높은 상관관계를 나타냈다. 수은첨가에 따라 nitrite 및 nitrate 생성량은 용량의존적 관계로 현저한 감소를 보이며, 24시간 또는 36시간 후의 세포생존률도 역시 수은농도에 비례하여 감소되는데, 복강대식세포의 생존률이 EMT-6 세포의 생존률보다 더욱 큰 폭으로 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로 배양조건에 수은의 첨가로 인하여 nitrite 및 nitrate 생성량이 감소하는 바 수은이 면역세포의 대사과정에 영향을 주어 nitric oxide 생 성능을 억제시키며, 결국 세포성 면역을 저하시키는 것으로 사료된다. The effect of treatment of mercury chloride on the nitrite and nitrate synthesis was observed in peritoneal macrophages from Balb/c mice and EMT-6 cells in vitro. The cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with cytokines. Amounts of nitrite and nitrate in the culture media after 24 and 36 hours of culture were about 2-fold, 3-fold of those measured after 12 hours respectively. There were very close associations between the amounts of nitrite and nitrate measured in the culture media, according to culture time. The survival rate of peritoneal macrophages was significantly decreased by mercury chloride added into the media in dose-dependent manner, however the survivals of EMT-6 cells were not influenced by mercury chloride concentration in media. Nitrite and nitrate syntheses were dose-dependently decreased by mercury chloride added in culture media. These results reported here suggest that the disorder of cell mediated immunity by mercurials could be related to the inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis which seems to be caused by the inhibition of metabolism of cells.