Factors associated with the risk of colorectal neoplasia in young adults under age 40

Ilsoo Kim,Han Hee Lee,Young Jae Ko,Ho Eun Chang,Dae Young Cheung,Bo-In Lee,Young-Seok Cho,Jin Il Kim,Myung-Gyu Choi 대한내과학회 2022 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.37 No.5

Background/Aims: Recent epidemiologic studies have shown a continued increase in colorectal cancer incidence among younger adults. Little is known about the factors that contribute to the development of young-onset colorectal neoplasia (CRN). Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed for individuals younger than 40 years who underwent colonoscopy in Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital and its affiliated health screening center. High-risk CRN was defined as adenoma or sessile serrated lesion ≥ 10 mm, with three or more adenomas, villous histology, high grade dysplasia, or carcinoma. Results: Of these 13,621 included participants, 2,023 (14.9%) had one and more CRN. Young patients with CRN tended to be elderly, male, obese, smoker, having a habit of drinking, and having comorbidities such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. In a multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, obesity, smoking status, and alcohol intake, old age (odds ratio [OR], 1.086; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.054 to 1.119), male sex (OR, 1.748; 95% CI, 1.247 to 2.451), obesity (OR, 1.439; 95% CI, 1.133 to 1.828), and smoking (OR, 1.654; 95% CI, 1.287 to 2.127) were independent risk factors for overall CRN. Obesity and smoking as two modifiable factors increased the risk for high-risk CRN even more than for overall CRN (OR, 1.734; 95% CI, 1.168 to 2.575 and OR, 1.797; 95% CI, 1.172 to 2.753, respectively). Conclusions: Obesity and smoking were modifiable risk factors for CRN in young adults. They increased the risk for highrisk CRN even more than for overall CRN. A colonoscopy might be beneficial for young individuals with these factors.

19세기 경화사족의 학예(學藝) 취향과 만명사조(晩明思潮)

한영규 ( Young Gyu Han ) 성균관대학교 인문과학연구소 2011 人文科學 Vol.0 No.48

명나라 말기는 중국사상사와 문예사에서 매우 특기할 만한 시기이다. 현대 중국의 미학자 成復旺은 중국의 사상 조류를 유가·도가·불가·굴원으로 나누고 여기에 다시 晩明思潮를 포함시켜 크게 다섯 가지로 분류하였다. 張法은 굴원을 유가에 포함시키고 불교를 도가에 귀속시키면서, 중국의 사상을 유가·도가·만명사조의 세 줄기로 파악하고자 하였다. 만명사조에 대한 새로운 관심은 한국한문학 연구에서도 확인된다. 최근 조선후기 한문학과 명말 公安派와의 관계성에 주목하는 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 이 논문은 이러한 관점을 보다 확장시켜, 만명사조가 19세기 조선의 학예에 어떻게 이해되고 수용되고 있었는지를 탐색하였다. 『세설신어』는 위진 시기에 출현했지만, 만명 문예가 특별히 부각시키고 재해석을 시도한 문헌으로서 만명사조의 先聲이라 할 만하다. 진계유는 이탁오·원굉도·탕현조·서위·풍몽룡 등과 함께 명말사조를 대표하는 문인이었다. 『세설신어』와 진계유의 저술이라는 두 지표어를 중심으로 탐색한 결과, 홍석주·홍길주·이유원·정원용 같은 19세기 경화사족과 장혼·조희룡·이규경 등 경화사족 문화권의 문인들이 만명사조를 매우 다양한 각도에서 소화하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 만명사조는 허균·신흠 이래, 18세기의 박지원·이옥 그리고 19세기의 홍길주·조희룡을 거쳐 20세기 초의 황현에 이르기까지 조선후기를 관통하며 학술·문예 방면에서 일정한 영향을 미쳤다. 조선후기의 학예 지형도에서 만명사조는 청대 고증학이나 西學에 비견되는 중요한 요소의 하나였다. 소품문에 반대했던 정조의 사망, 그리고 서학을 금압한 세도정치기의 조건 속에서 19세기 경화사족은 진계유유형의 만명사조를 매우 심도 있게 수용하고, 향유하였다. The late Ming Dynasty is a very remarkable period in the history of Chinese thoughts and arts and sciences. Contemporary Chinese aesthetician Cheng Fu-wang divided the streams of Chinese thoughts into Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism and Qu Yuan, and added the thoughts of the late Ming Dynasty as another stream, identifying five mainstreams. Including Qu Yuan in Confucianism and Buddhism in Taoism, Chang Fa viewed Chinese thoughts as three lines, namely, Confucianism, Taoism and the thoughts in the late Ming Dynasty. New interests in the thoughts of the late Ming Dynasty are found also in research on Chinese literature in Korea. Recently, research is being conducted actively on the relation between Chinese literature in the late Chosun Dynasty and the Gongan School in the late Ming Dynasty. Expanding the viewpoint further, this study examined how the thoughts in the late Ming Dynasty were understood and received in Korean arts and sciences during the 19th century. Shishuoshinyu appeared in the period of Wei-Jin, but was spotlighted and reinterpreted during the late Ming Dynasty, and is considered the prelude of thoughts in the late Ming Dynasty. Along with Lee Tak-oh, Won Goeing-do, Tang Hyeon-jo, Seo Wi, Pung Mong-ryong, etc., Jin Gye-yu is a literary man representing the thoughts of the late Ming Dynasty. From the results of search using two keywords ``Shishuoshinyu`` and ``Jin Gye-yu`s writings,`` we found that noble families in Seoul in the 19th century such as Hong Seok-ju, Hong Gil-ju, Lee Yu-won and Jeong Won-yong, and literati like Jang Hon, Jo Hee-ryong and Lee Gyu-gyeong who associated with such families digested the thoughtsof the late Ming Dynasty from a large variety of angles. The thoughts of the late Ming Dynasty penetrated through the late Chosun Dynasty from Heo Gyun and Shin Heum to Park Ji-won and Lee Ok in the 18th century, Hong Gil-ju and Jo Hee-ryong in the 19th century, and Hwang Hyeon in the early 20th century, and influenced their arts and sciences. In the arts and sciences of the late Chosun Dynasty, the thoughts of the late Ming Dynasty were important elements comparable with evidential studies and Western learning in the Qing Dynasty. During the 19th century characterized by the death of King Jeongjo who opposed So-pum-mun(miscellaneous writings) and the suppression of Western learning under Sedo politics (politics dominated by a few influential clans), noble families in Seoul received and enjoyed the thoughts of the late Ming Dynasty like Jin Gye-yu`s very deeply.

19세기 여항 문단과 의관(醫官) 홍현보(洪顯普)

한영규 ( Young Gyu Han ) 東方漢文學會 2009 東方漢文學 Vol.0 No.38

이 글은 추사파 중인층 가운데 醫官 洪顯普(1815~1896 이후)를 특별히 주목하고, 새로 알려진 그의 『海初詩稿』와 『海初文稿』를 통해 19세기 여항 문단에서 그가 차지하는 위상을 탐색하였다. 홍현보는 의관이면서 동시에 19세기의 유력한 여항 문인으로 독특한 이력을 지닌 중인이었다. 그는 기술직 중인을 대대로 세습하던 가문의 후예로 젊은 시절 추사 문하에 입문하여, 추사와 기거를 같이 하며 주치의이자 記室의 역할을 수행하였다. 『완당척독』을 읽고 쓴 글에서 그가 추사의 학예에 대해 정확한 식견을 표명할 수 있었던 것은 일상을 공유하며 추사의 훈도를 받은 결과였다. 홍현보는 추사에 이어 당대 천문·역산 분야의 석학 남병철 형제와 긴밀하게 교유하였다. 그는 문한에 대한 소양과 학식을 인정받아, 남병길 명의의 서문을 대신 짓기도 하였다. 홍현보는 여항 시집을 편집하는 등 여항의 문화의 현양에도 큰 기여하였다. 그가 관심을 기울인 부분은 출판과 정리를 통해 여항문화를 제도적으로 공인시키는 일이었다. 홍현보는 온건하고 균형있는 시각으로 이전의 여항 문화를 평가하였다. 이런 균형감은 의과로 발신한 이래 내의·어의를 거쳐 지방관을 두루 역임하여 지위나 관품이 높았던 그의 현실적 처지의 투영이기도 하였다. 홍현보를 "추사 문하의 제일인"이라 칭한 김석준의 평은 여러 가지 측면에서 그럴만한 근거를 지녔다. 특히 홍현보가 추사와 추사의 제자이기도 한 남병철 형제를 왕래하며, 당대의 세 거장을 연이어 시종한 일은 이상적·조희룡 등에게 볼 수 없는 독특한 이력이었다. 홍현보는 19세기 중인층과 경화세족이 관계맺는 특별한 사례를 보여주었다. The middle class grew and their social and cultural status was enhanced in the 19th century and, as a result, a very close relationship was established between the middle class and the gentry class living in Seoul. Chusa Kim Jeong-hee was a representative figure who maintained a very close relationship with the middle class. Paying attention to Medical Officer Hong Hyeon-bo (1815~1896) among middle class people in the Chusa School, this study analyzed Haechosigo and Haechomungo Hong Hyeon-bo`s garlands found recently. According to the results of examining Hong Hyeon-bo`s garlands, he was Chusa`s student, attending physician and clerk who dwelled at Chusa`s house when he was young. Consequently, Hong Hyeon-bo had more accurate knowledge of Chusa`s character and academic tendency than anyone else. After his association with Kim Jeong-hee, Hong Hyeon-bo worked as the family clerk of the Nam family from Euiryeong, attending on Nam Byeong-cheol and writing on behalf of Nam Byeong-gil. Hong Hyeon-bo also played the role of a mediator between the gentry class living in Seoul and the middle class by making efforts to collect and publish middle class people`s literary achievements. For these reasons, Hong Hyeon-bo is considered "Number one among Chusa`s disciples."

Parthenogenetic Activity of Porcine Sperm Factor to In Vìtro Matured tured Porcine Oocyte

Park, Chun_Gyu,Jin-Ki Parκ,Sung-Woo Kim,Ju-Young Lee,Joo-hee Han,Seung-Eun Lee,Kyung-Nye Baek,Won-Chung Chang 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2004 Reproductive & Developmental Biology(Supplement) Vol.28 No.2s

남병철(南秉哲) 회인시(懷人詩) 연구

한영규 ( Young Gyu Han ) 한국한문교육학회 2008 한문교육논집 Vol.31 No.-

南秉哲(1817~1863)은 경화세족 출신의 고관이면서 동시에 정약용, 박규수, 최한기와 함께 19세기를 대표하는 실학자로 손꼽힌다. 그는 천문과 역산 분야에 독보적인 식견을 탁월한 과학 저술을 남겼고, 종래의 화이론적 세계관에 속박되지 않는 지평에서 서양과학의 우수성을 객관적으로 인식하고 있었다. 남병철은 문과에 급제한 이후 26세 때까지 외가의 별서 玉壺精舍에서 열린 白蓮社 모임에 주도적으로 참여하며 열정적으로 시를 지었다. 이러한 시사 활동을 통해 그는 당색·계층·적서·장유의 경계에 구애되지 않고 당대의 명사들과 광범하게 교유할 수 있었다. 이는 그의 외조부 김조순 대부터 이어져 온 경화세족의 문화이기도 하였다. 이 시기 남병철은 "경세제민과 무관한 글은 지을 것이 못된다"라는 顧炎武의 견해에 공감하여, 시 창작을 폐하고 士로서의 사명을 새롭게 인식하게 되는데, 그 전환의 시점은 1842년 여름 무렵으로 추정된다. 남병철의 회인시는 이러한 전환이 일어나기 직전에 창작된 것으로 공경, 사대부로부터 서얼, 중인층 등 다양한 인물들이 망라되어 있어 시로 쓴 당대 명사의 인물지라는 성격을 지녔다. 특히 김정희파의 속하는 중인층과 정약용가의 인물들이 다수 포함되어 있다는 점이 특색이었다. 남병철은 회인시에서 대상 인물과 맺은 감회를 표현하는 데 목적을 두지 않고, 명사들의 빼어난 점을 품평하는 `論詩`의 방식을 취하였다. 남병철은 긍정적이며 여유로운 태도로 명사들의 인격미를 淡雅하게 그려냈는바, 그 결과 서얼층과 중인층의 경우 불우한 측면이 약화되고 명사로의 풍모가 주로 부각되었다. 남병철은 청조 학예에서 계발 받은 학식을 기반으로, 그 정곡에 해당하는 비유를 찾아내어 인물을 품평한 결과, 19세기 조선 명사의 인격미를 고양시키고 한층 넓은 지평에서 해석하는 성과를 거두었다. 즉 학적 지식에 기반한 인물 품평이었다. 이 점 19세기의 다른 회인시에 견주어 남병철 시가 지닌 중요한 특색이라고 할 수 있다. Nam Byeong-cheol was a high official from an influential family in Seoul, and is counted as a realist representing the 19th century together with Jeong Yak-yong, Park Gyu-su and Choi Han-gi. He had matchless knowledge of astronomy and almanac, and left scientific writings such as Chubosokhae, and recognized the West and Western science objectively from the horizon not bound to the traditional world view of the Sino-barbarian theory. The present study explored Nam Byeong-cheol as a poet, taking note of the fact that he was absorbed in poets` club activities and poem writing during his 20s before he began his life as a realist and a scientist. Since he passed the civil service examination and until 1842, Nam Byeong-cheol actively participated in the Baekryeonsa meeting at Okhojeongsa, a villa of his mother`s family, and wrote poems enthusiastically. Through the poets` club activities, he associated with prominent figures in those days regardless of political party, class, legitimacy, and age. The 32 longing poems analyzed intensively in this paper were the products of these associations, and they are descriptions of prominent figures in those days written in poetic form. From the position of emphasizing the aesthetics of literature and arts, he captured human images of various characters including official literati, poets, painters, doctors, astronomers, and annotators. Different from traditional longing poems expressing feelings between the poet and the subject of the poem, Nam Byeong-cheol`s poems have the characteristic of `discourse poem,` appreciating prominent figures` excellences. That is, they tried to comment individual figures` characteristics through suggestive expression. Nam Byeong-cheol described prominent figures plainly in a positive and serious attitude. As a result, the unfortunate aspect of concubines` children and middle-class people was weakened, and the features of prominent figures were spotlighted. Particularly based on his extensive knowledge, Nam Byeong-cheol compared the subject figures with famous people in China, and through this, he elevated the personal beauty of prominent figures in the Chosun Dynasty to the highest horizon. That is, based on new knowledge and sense that he acquired from the science and art of the Qing Dynasty, he appreciated the diverse personal beauties of prominent figures of the Chosun Dynasty in the 19th century.

관동맥질환에서 저밀도 지단백 입자 크기의 분포

임효영,김인숙,승기배,강동헌,전두수,장기육,박준철,이수영,홍순조,최규보 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.8

당뇨병성 합병증을 가진 환자에서 혈중 Erythropoietin 농도

김동규,유기동,허광식,김상용,윤성호,조영신,권용은,김태원,김건영,정종훈,배학연 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1998 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.23 No.1

연구 배경 : 고혈당성에 의한 산화환원반응 이상(가저산소증)이 조절 되지않는 당뇨병의 특징으로 혈관과 신경 기능에 대한 진성 저산소증의 효과와 유사하며, 당뇨 합병증의 병태생리에 중요한 역할을 한다. 고혈당이 있는 인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병 환자에서 인슐린 수준이 정상이듯이, 빈혈이 있는 당뇨병 환자에서 EPO의 농도는 실제 혈색소 농도의 감소비율과 차이가 있을 것이라 추측된다. Friedman 등은 당뇨병성 합병증 원인 인자로 가저산소증(pseudohypoxia) 또는 저산소증(hypoxia)을 제기하였고 이런 인자들이 EPO의 상대적 또는 절대적 결핍에 의한 것임을 보고하였다. 방법 : EPO-Trac^(TM 125)I RIA kit을 이용하여 방사면역측정법으로 EPO 수준을 검사하였다. 전혈 3㎖을 5-10㎖ 시험관에 정맥 채혈하였으며, 용혈과 장기간의 보존을 위하여 원심분리를 즉시 시행하여 혈청을 영하 200C에서 냉동 보관 후 일괄적으로 검사 결과를 얻었다. 결과 : 1996년 9월부터 1997년 2월까지 조선대학교 부속병원 내과에 입원한 2형 당뇨병 환자 63례를 대상으로 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 당뇨병성 합병증이 없는 군과 있는 군간의 혈색소, 혈중 EPO농도의 차이는 유의한 차이가 있었으며 혈색소의 감소율보다 혈중 EPO의 감소율이 더 높았다. 2) 당뇨병성 망막증의 유무에 따른 혈색소 농도의 차이는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 혈중 EPO농도는 유의한 차이가 있었다. 증식성군에서만 혈중 EPO의 감소비율이 혈색소에 비해 높았다. 3) 당뇨병성 신증의 유무에 따른 혈색소, 혈중 EPO농도는 유의한 차이가 있었고 혈색소 감소율에 비해 EPO농도의 감소율이 높았다. 신증의 중증도에 따른 혈색소, EPO의 차이는 미세알부민뇨군을 제외하고는 유의한 차이를 보였고 혈색소 감소율에 비해 EPO의 감소율이 더높았다. 4) 당뇨병성 신경병증의 유무에 따른 혈색소 농도의 차이는 유의한 차이가 없었으며 EPO농도는 유의한 차이를 보였다. 혈색소와 EPO의 감소비율은 비슷하였다. 신경병증의 중등도에 따른 혈색소와 EPO농도의 변화는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 stage 3에서는 혈색소감소율보다 EPO감소율이 더높았다. 결론 : 당뇨병성 합병증을 가진 환자에서 빈혈의 정도는 대부분 혈청 EPO치의 절대적 감소에 의함을 간접적으로 밝혀낼 수 있었으며 차후 더 많은 대상으로 비교 분석이 필요하리라 사료된다. Background: Hyperglycemic-induced redox(pseudohypoxia) imbalance is a characteristic feature of poorly controlled diabetes that mimics the effects of true hypoxia on vascular and neural functions and plays an important role on the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. As is true for apparently "normal" insulin levels typically found in NIDDM even in the presence of hyperglycemia, a "normal" erythropoietin level in an anemic diabetic subject may be disproportionally low for the actual red cell mass. Therefore, Friedman et al suggested that pseudohypoxia or hypoxia as an etiological factor of diabetic complications are due to absolute or relative erythropoietin deficiency Method: EPO-TracTM 125I RIA kit was used for the quantitative determination of erythropoietin(EPO) in serum by radioimmunoassay. An adequate sample of blood (3ml whole blood) was collected aseptically by venipuncture in a 5~10ml glass tube to yield a minimum of 400 L of serum per assay. The serum was promptly removed from the clot by centrifugation in order to avoid hemolysis. Then to increase its storage time it was frozen at -200C in a nonself defrosting freezer. Finally, tests were undertaken simultaneously Results We studied 63 cases with diabetes mellitus, who were admitted to Chosun University Hospital from September, 1996 to February, 1997 at the Department of Internal Medicine. We defined the control group, as diabetic patients who did not have anemia(<13mg/dl), diabetic complications(retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy) and the remainders were defined as the experimental group(we excluded anemic patients, who had secondary causes of anemia and diabetic patients with end stage renal disease)Data were as follow 1) The relationship of Hb and the 24hr urine protein between diabetic patients with and without complications significantly differed(p=0.02, < 0.001 respectively), but the Hb level was poorly related between diabetic patients with and without retinopathy(except in preproliferative, proliferative subgroups) and neuropathy. 2) Subgroups of patients with diabetic complications had higher 24hr urine protein than patients without diabetic complications, except stage I diabetic neuropathy 3) The EPO level was significantly different between diabetic patients with and without complications. 4) The correlation between EPO and Hb was significantly different, especially in diabetic patients with retinopathy and nephropathy according to severity of diabetic complications, compared with patients who did not have diabetic complications such as retinopathy and nephropathy. Conclusion: We know that anemia induced by diabetic complications is due to relative EPO deficiency than absolute EPO deficiency, and further evaluation and studies are needed on many cases in the future

당뇨병성 합병증을 가진 환자에서 혈증 Erythropoietin 농도

김동규,유기동,허광식,김상용,윤성호,조영신,권용은,김태원,김건영,정종훈,배학연 조선의대 1998 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.23 No.1

Aerobic Exercise Affects Myostatin Expression in Aged Rat Skeletal Muscles: A Possibility of Antiaging Effects of Aerobic Exercise Related With Pelvic Floor Muscle and Urethral Rhabdosphincter

Ko, Il Gyu,Jeong, Jin Woo,Kim, Young Hoon,Jee, Yong Seok,Kim, Sung Eun,Kim, Sang Hoon,Jin, Jun Jang,Kim, Chang Ju,Chung, Kyung Jin Korean Continence Society 2014 International Neurourology Journal Vol.18 No.2

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>Aging-induced loss of muscle mass and subsequent reduction of strength is a fundamental cause of frailty, functional decline, and disability. And this may lead to muscular dysfunction, voiding dysfunction, or urinary incontinence due to pelvic muscle weakness induced by aging. Physical exercise has been recommended for the prevention and the treatment of these age-related frail states. We investigated the effects of treadmill exercise on muscle strength, myostatin mRNA and protein expression, and gastrocnemius myocytes proliferation in aged rats to investigate the possible antiaging effects of aerobic exercise on skeletal muscles such as pelvic floor muscles and urethral rhabdosphincter muscle.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>In this study, 5-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used as the young-age group (n=20) and 24-month-old rats were used as the old-age group (n=20). Each group was randomly divided into two groups (n=10 in each group): the sedentary and the treadmill exercise group. The rats in the exercise groups were forced to run on a motorized treadmill for 30 minutes, once a day, for 6 weeks. For this study, a weight load test, hematoxylin and eosin staining, real-time and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for myostatin mRNA, myostatin western blot, and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine immunohistochemistry were performed in the gastrocnemius muscle.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The age-induced reduction of muscle mass and strength was associated with a decrease in myocyte proliferation and an increase in myostatin mRNA and protein expression in the gastrocnemius. However, treadmill exercise improved muscle mass and strength through suppression of myostatin mRNA and protein expression, and myocyte proliferation increase in the gastrocnemius against the aging process.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Aerobic exercise is a useful strategy for enhancing muscle function against aging-induced loss of skeletal muscle mass and functions.</P>

Age-dependent differences of treadmill exercise on spatial learning ability between young- and adult-age rats

Jun-Jang Jin,Il-Gyu Ko,Sung-Eun Kim,Lakkyong Hwang,Man-Gyoon Lee,Dae-Young Kim,Sun-Young Jung 한국운동재활학회 2017 JER Vol.13 No.4