http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
정귀순,안숙희,정은순 韓國學校保健學會 2003 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.16 No.2
Purposes of this study were 1) to identify the level of role expectation and role performance for school health educators as elementary school students recognize and to compare them, and 2) to examine differences in the role expectation and performance by characteristics of students and educators. Subjects of the study were 1,428 6th grade students at 37 elementary schools in Busan. The data were collected by a structured self-administered questionnaire, measuring role expectation and performance that students recognize. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA by SPSS program. The results were summarized a s follows. 1. Students' level of recognizing the role expectation was high(M=4.08) and level of the role performance was moderate to high(M=3.50) within rang of 1 to 5. The students recognized role expectation greater than role performance. 2. The students' point of view for role expectation and performance for school health educators were related to several characteristics of students and school health educators. Students' levels of recognizing the role expectation and performance were higher when students were male, healthy, their academic performance was high, their level of satisfaction with their school life was high, and their level of satisfaction with using school health office was high. With characteristics of school health educators, students' level of appreciating the role expectation was higher when educators were of an older age and had a long career, and when they were fairly satisfied with their job as an educator. Students' level of recognizing the role performance was higher when educators were of a younger age, and had a small number of students at school. This indicates that there exists role conflict on students and implies that the conflict need to be mediated, and desirable solutions to address the conflict need to be developed by school health educators.
튜브 전기로를 이용한 TiO₂ 나노입자의 합성 및 특성 분석
배귀남,현정은,이태규,정종수 한국대기환경학회 2004 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.20 No.3
Titania particles are widely used as a photocatalyst to treat various contaminants in air and water. Titania particles were formed by vapor-phase oxidation of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) in a tube furnace between 773 and 1,273 K. The effect of process variables such as furnace temperature. flow rate of carrier air. and flow rate of sheath air on powder size and phase characteristics was investigated using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The size distribution of synthesized titania particles was characterized with mode diameter and peak concentration. The mode diameter ranging from 20 to 80 nm decreased with increasing flow rates of sheath air and carrier air, and increased with increasing furnace temperature. The peak concentration increased with increasing flow rates of sheath air and carrier air. The best synthetic condition for high production rate can be derived from the experimental data set represented by mode diameter and peak concentration. The crystal structure of synthesized titania particles was found to be anatase phase, ensuring high photocatalytic potential.
질문순서가 치매노인과 노인에 대한 태도 측정에 미치는 효과
김정희,홍귀령,정혜선 노인간호학회 2010 노인간호학회지 Vol.12 No.2
Purpose: This study was done to examine effects of question order on the measurementof attitude toward elders with dementia and to elders. Methods: Structured questionnaires were administered to four groups of nursing students (n=335). Each group was assigned one type of questionnaire. Data were collected twice with a 2-week interval. At time 1, there were two types of questionnaires including attitude items toward elders with dementia and itemstoward elders.At time 2 the sametwo types of questionnaires were used butthe item orderwas reversed; attitudes toward elders and towards elders with dementia. Datawere analyzed using paired t-test. Results: There was no difference in responses when the attitudinal items toward elders with dementia were placed before those toward elders. No attitudinal difference was found toward elders with dementia when the questions came after attitudinal questions toward elders. Partial support was observed in obtaining responses in a positive direction toward elders when the questions came after the attitudinal questions about elders with dementia. Conclusion: Attitudinal responsesseem to depend on the question order. Strategies needto be adopted to avoid the influence of question order in measuring attitudes toward different groups of elders.
Jung-Min Yoo(유정민),Yeo-Jin Kang(강여진),Hyeong-Bae Pyo(표형배),Eui Su Choung(정의수),Shin Young Park(박신영),Ji Ho Choi(최지호),Gwi-Jung Han(한귀정),Choong Hwan Lee(이충환),Tack-Joong Kim(김택중) 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.12
피부의 노화는 유전자 돌연변이와 같은 유전적인 요소와 자외선 노출과 같은 환경적인 요소와 연관되어 있다. 이러한 요소들은 교원질과 탄력섬유와 같은 피부의 구조적인 복합체를 분해한다. 특히, 교원질은 전사인자인 AP-1에 의해 유도되는 분해효소인 MMP-1에 의해 분해되고 그 결과 피부의 주름이 발생한다. 교원질의 다른 분해 원인으로는 생체내 활성산소의 생성을 들 수 있다. 활성산소의 생성은 세포막을 공격하고 MMP-1의 활성을 유도한다. 결과적으로, 피부 탄력의 감소와 동시에 피부의 노화를 촉진시키게 된다. 본 연구에서 우리는 양조 부산물인 주박을 이용하여 항산화효과, collagen 합성촉진효과, MMP-1의 발현양상을 측정하였다. 흥미롭게도, 주박은 DPPH 라디컬의 소거활성 효과와 procollagen의 양을 증가시킴과 동시에, MMP-1의 유전자 발현을 억제시키는 효과를 나타내었다. 본 결과는 주박이 피부의 항노화 효과를 가질 수 있다는 것을 제시한다. Skin aging is related to genetic and environmental factors (e.g., gene mutation and UV radiation respectively). To develop a new anti-wrinkle cosmetic or functional food by using Korean rice wine cake, we examined the effects of Korean rice wine cake, a brewery byproduct, on antioxidant effect, collagen synthesis and expression of MMP-1. Interestingly, we found that Korean rice wine cake has the ability to promote scavenging activity of DPPH radical. We also found that the cell proliferation and synthesis of collagen in HS27 cells was increased by Korean rice wine cake in a concentration-dependent manner. However, elastase inhibitory activity was not changed. In addition, the expression of MMP-1 was inhibited by Korean rice wine cake in a concentration-dependent manner. All these results suggest that Korean rice wine cake can be effectively used for the prevention of wrinkles in human skin.
( Jung-min Shin ),( Soo Jung Kim ),( Xue Mei Li ),( Jin Gwi Yoo ),( Dong-kyun Hong ),( Jin-hyup Lee ),( Chong Won Choi ),( Kyung-duck Park ),( Chang Deok Kim ),( Young-joon Seo ),( Jeung-hoon Lee ),( 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.2
Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, relapsing hair-loss disorder that is considered to be a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Several animal models for AA have been created to investigate the pathophysiology and screen for effective therapeutic targets. Objectives: As C3H/HeJ mice develop AA spontaneously in a low frequency, a novel animal model is needed to establish an AA-like condition faster and more conveniently. In this study, we present a novel non-invasive AA rodent model that avoids skin or lymph-node cell transfer. Methods: We simply injected C3H/HeJ mice subcutaneously with interferon-gamma (IFNγ) along with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]), a synthetic dsRNA, to initiate innate immunity via inflammasome activation. Results: Approximately 80% of the IFNγ and poly(I:C) co-injected mice showed patchy AA lesions after 8 weeks. None of the mice displayed hair loss in the IFNγ or poly(I:C) solely injection group. Immunohistochemical staining of the AA lesions revealed increased infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ cells infiltration around the hair follicles. IFNγ and poly(I:C) increased the expression of NLRP3, IL-1b, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 in mouse skin. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings indicate a shorter and more convenient means of AA animal model induction and demonstrate that inflammasome-activated innate immunity is important in AA pathogenesis.
Clinical relevance for serum cold-inducible RNA-binding protein level in alopecia areata
( Jung-min Shin ),( Jung-woo Ko ),( Xue Mei Li ),( Jin Gwi Yoo ),( Jin-hyup Lee ),( Dong-kyun Hong ),( Chong-won Choi ),( Chang-deok Kim ),( Young-joon Seo ),( Jeung-hoon Lee ),( Young Lee ),( Kyung-d 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.2
Background: Alopecia areata (AA), a chronic, relapsing hair-loss disorder, is considered to be a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) belongs to a family of cold-shock proteins that respond to cold stress, and has been identified as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule that triggers the inflammatory response. Recent studies have shown that high-mobility group box 1, another DAMP molecule, is elevated in serum and scalp tissue of AA patients, suggesting a relationship between DAMP molecules and the pathogenesis of AA. Objectives: To investigate the clinical significance of serum CIRP levels in AA. Methods: The serum levels of CIRP were compared between 68 patients with AA and 20 healthy controls. Additionally, the correlation between CIRP level and various clinical parameters was evaluated. Results: The serum CIRP levels were significantly higher in AA patients compared to healthy subjects. Moreover, there was an association between the serum CIRP level and clinical characteristics, such as disease duration and disease activity. However, there was no significant difference in the serum CIRP level among the clinical types of AA (AA multiplex, alopecia totalis, and alopecia universalis) and CIRP expression between normal hair and AA scalp specimens. Conclusion: These results suggest that CIRP may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of AA and could be a potential biologic marker for monitoring the disease activity of AA.