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곽은창(Gwag Eun Chang),곽노철(Gwag No Cheol) 한국사회체육학회 2003 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.20 No.1
The purpose of this study was to investigate the cultural context of caddies who work at five different golf country clubs in Kyunggi and Kangwon province. The final questionnaire designed by investigators were distributed to the caddies in five country clubs. Two hundred ninety four caddies showed willingness to participate for the study. Among 294, 189 questionnaire were available for the data analysis. The most significant fact in this study was most caddies strongly want to be treated as a normal person not a slave or servant by golfers. Human right seems to be non-existed in golf courses. The results of the study shows that their working value should be upgraded and pay more than current caddy fee. They also indicated that their salary is not high enough. Caddies` leisure activity type is very limited such as movie/videotape, television, reading, and so on. Environmental problems were concern of caddies but not seriously. Total income of caddie is not as high as they expected and valued. However, this matter includes a big difference between caddie and golfer who employed caddie temporarily during the rounding. It seems to call more study on this issue. Further in-depth investigation should be conducted to find the various effects on each variable which constitutes the distinctive golf culture in caddie`s world.
Fate of Acute Heart Failure Patients With Mid-Range Ejection Fraction
Gwag, Hye Bin,Lee, Ga Yeon,Choi, Jin-Oh,Lee, Hae-Young,Kim, Jae-Joong,Hwang, Kyung-Kuk,Chae, Shung Chull,Baek, Sang Hong,Kang, Seok-Min,Choi, Dong-Ju,Yoo, Byung-Su,Kim, Kye Hun,Park, Hyun-Young,Cho, M The Japanese Circulation Society 2018 CIRCULATION JOURNAL Vol.82 No.8
<P>Conclusions: One-third of HFmrEF patients showed improved LVEF; moreover, the survival rate in the improved group was higher than the other groups. Renin-angiotensin system blockers and aldosterone antagonists could improve the survival of HFmrEF patients.</P>
Neurotrophin-induced ROS production and neuronal death
Gwag, Byoung Joo 이화여자대학교 세포신호전달연구센터 2004 고사리 세포신호전달 심포지움 Vol. No.6
The neurotrophins, a class of nerve growth factor-related growth factors, promote the differentiation, growth, and survival of neurons by binding to Trk receptor tyrosine kinases and p75(NTR). Once synthesized in target cells, neurotrophins are released, bound to the cell surface receptors, and internalized to promote neuronal survival by interfering with programmed cell death or apoptosis. In addition to neuroprotective potential of neurotrophins, neurotrophins potentiate neuronal injury under various pathological conditions. Moreover, evidence has accumulated showing that neurotrophins can induce neuronal death. While cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying anti-apoptosis action of neurotrophins have been well documented, mechanisms for pro-necrosis effects of neurotrophins remain to be unveiled. Here, we delineated the patterns and underlying mechanisms of neuronal death induced by neurotrophins.
Gwag, Byoung Joo 이화여자대학교 세포신호전달연구센터 2000 고사리 세포신호전달 심포지움 Vol. No.2
Free radicals appear to act as key mediators of neuronal death produced under certain pathological conditions such as stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. We have studied how reactive oxygen species(ROS) such as hydroxyl radical and superoxide produce neuronal death. We found that cortical cell cultures exposed to Fe^(2+)(produces hydroxyl radical through Fenton chemistry), buthionine sulfoximine(BSO, depletes glutathione), or menadione(produces superoxide) underwent neuronal death exclusively through necrosis sensitive to trolox or N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Death was accompanied by marked swelling of cell body, fenestration of plasma membrane prior to nuclear membrane, and scattering condensation of nuclear chromatin. Entry of zinc that causes neuronal death in hypoxic-ischemic brain also produces ROS-mediated neuronal cell necrosis. The ROS-mediated neuronal death was insensitive to glutamate antagonists and potentiated by growth factors that attenuate neuronal apoptosis induced in cortical cell cultures. Generation and neurotoxicity of ROS was prevented by maneuvers preventing activity of PKA or cyclooxygenases, but not by PKC inhibitor. Interestingly, increasing mitochondrial membrane and redox potentials protected cortical neurons from Fe^(2+)- or BSO-induced ROS injuries without beneficial effects on neuronal apoptosis resulting from exposure to staurosporine or cyclosporine A. This implies that execution of ROS neurotoxicity likely requires activation of PKA or cyclooxygenases without sharing pro-apoptosis pathway. Finally, we examined if ROS would contribute to selective neuronal death that underlies common features of neurodegenerative diseases. In striatal cell cultures, NADPH-diaphorase neurons that are selectively spared in Huntington's disease(HD) were highly resistant to injuries induced by Fe^(2+) or BSO. Single cell PCR analysis of striatal neurons demonstrated that levels of mRNAs encoding anti-oxidant enzymes were substantially high in NADPH-diaphorase neurons. It is hypothesized that intracellular levels of antioxidant defence enzymes as well as prooxidants may determine differential vulnerability to certain populations of neurons in HD and possibly other neurodegenerative diseases.
Gwag, Jin Seog,Bae, Kwang-Soo,Lee, You-Jin,Kim, Jae-Hoon American Institute of Physics 2009 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS - Vol.105 No.7
<P>This paper proposes a liquid crystal (LC) display (LCD) mode, characterized by an azimuthally continuous nematic domain, driven by patterned electrodes with circular- and doughnut-shaped slits producing conelike fields, as a vertically aligned (VA) nematic LC mode. This proposed mode is focused on achieving a high transmittance display with omnidirectionally uniform optical characteristics by utilizing the proposed electrode structure. Consequently, the experimental results of the proposed LCD mode show high brightness and wide viewing angles that correlate well to numerical calculations. Other electro-optics characteristics of this mode correspond to the patterned VA LC mode. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3075593]</P>