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Exercises of Power in Marketing Channel Dyads - Power Advantage versus Power Disadvantage
Guijun Zhuang,Neil C,Herndon Jr,Nan Zhou 한국마케팅과학회 2005 한국마케팅과학회 학술대회 발표 논문집 Vol.- No.-
Taking the channel dyad as the unit of analysis, this study investigated the impact of channel members’ power on their uses of power in two distinct conditions: in power advantage and in power disadvantage. The study found that channel members" power has a positive impact on their uses of noncoercive power regardless of their relative position in channel dyads; their uses of coercive power are sensitive negatively to their own power in the condition that they are in power advantage, and sensitive negatively to the target members’ power in the condition that they are in power disadvantage. It also finds that the predictions of deterrence theory are partially supported in both the case of power advantage and power disadvantage, while no evidence supports the predictions of conflict spiral theory in either case. One contribution of this study is that the research method and research findings provide a possible explanation for the inconsistent or contradictory empirical findings on the relationship between power and exercises of power.
Ranking the Importance of Practical Export Skills
Guijun LIN(林桂軍),Joo-Young YOON(윤주영),Mi-Ryung SONG(송미령) 전북대학교 산업경제연구소 2012 아태경상저널 Vol.4 No.3
본 논문은 중국기업에 중요시되는 무역실무지식들이 무엇인가를 실증분석하고 있다. 이를 위하여 기존 문헌에서 88개 종류의 무역실무지식을 선정하여 중국 동부지역 800개 수출업체를 대상으로 조사가 이루어 졌다. 요인분석을 하는 과정에서 실무지식을 8개로 분류화하고 그 중에서 56개 지식이 상대적으로 중요하다는 점을 발견하였다. 8개 범주는 국제금융, 국제마케팅, 무역정책 및 규정, 무역물류, 무역결제조건, 국제무역의 전략적 경영, 무역조사연구 및 무역실무이다. 모든 무역실무지식은 평균값과 표준편차에 따라 순번을 부여하였다. 본 연구의 결과 무역정책 및 규정, 무역결제조건과 무역조사연구 범주가 가장 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 일반적으로 중국의 수출업체들은 기초적인 무역금융 및 전략경영지식이 고급지식보다 중요한 것으로 파악되었으며, 국제마케팅지식의 중요성이 그다지 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 타국의 기업을 대상으로 한 연구와는 달리 중국기업들에게는 무역물류지식과 무역실무지식은 상대적으로 덜 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 중요도 ranking 작업은 향후 중국기업의 무역실무지식의 수준을 파악하는데 중요할 뿐만 아니라 국제비즈니스 교육 담당자들이 효과적인 교육훈련 프로그램을 마련하는데 많은 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다. The paper attempts to empirically identify a set of practical export skills important to the Chinese firms. A survey containing 88 practical export skills, selected from the existing literature, was sent to 800 Chinese exporting companies in major eastern regions of China. With the factor analysis, eights kill categories were identified and 56skills were found more important. The eight skill categories include international finance, international marketing, international trade policy and regulations, international trade logistics, international payment terms, strategic management in international trade, international trade research and international trade practice. All the skills were ranked according to the mean value and standard deviations. The results of the study show that skills in international trade policy and regulations, international payment terms and international trade research were viewed as being the most important. In general, the Chinese exporters viewed the basic finance and strategic management skills as being more important than advanced skills. International marketing skills were considered to be of only moderate importance and some were ranked even lower. In contrast to earlier findings for other countries, international trade logistics skills and international trade practice skills were viewed as being less important. These importance rankings may provide some useful insight into the general skill levels of the Chinese exporting firms and help international business educators prepare more effective skill training programs.
Yang, Guijun,Park, Soo-Jin Elsevier 2018 ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA Vol.285 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A simple hydrothermal method is developed for the growth of NiCo<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nano-needle arrays on a filter paper carbon (FC) substrate for use as a high performance electrode for supercapacitors. The as-synthesized NiCo<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>/C composites exhibited high specific capacitance (995.2 F g<SUP>−1</SUP> at a current density of 10 A g<SUP>−1</SUP>) and excellent cycling performance (no capacitance loss after 3000 cycles). The 3D framework of the FC substrate not only prevents the aggregation of NiCo<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanoparticles, but also improves its electrical conductivity, thus leading to excellent electrochemical performance. Moreover, an asymmetric supercapacitor was assembled by using the NiCo<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>/C composites and activated carbon as the positive and negative electrode, respectively, and provided a maximum energy density of 20.87 Wh kg<SUP>−1</SUP> at a power density of 374.6 W kg<SUP>−1</SUP> and a maximum power density of 7.48 kW kg<SUP>−1</SUP> at an energy density of 11.43 Wh kg<SUP>−1</SUP> within a potential window of 0–1.5 V, demonstrating the potential of the composites for use in high performance energy storage systems.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Filter paper derived carbon (FC)/NiCo<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> was prepared by hydrothermal method. </LI> <LI> The FC with open channels increased the electron and ion transport rates. </LI> <LI> The FC-based supercapacitor exhibited good capacity and cycling stability. </LI> </UL> </P>
Yang, Guijun,Park, Soo-Jin Elsevier 2018 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.741 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>MnO<SUB>2</SUB>/biomass-derived porous carbon (BPC) composites have been prepared by a hydrothermal method, in which the BPC 3D porous carbon structure was based on a banana peel. The banana peel, after freeze drying, can maintain its hierarchical natural porous structure, which provides enough growth space for MnO<SUB>2</SUB> and reduces the agglomeration of MnO<SUB>2</SUB> particles. The MnO<SUB>2</SUB>/BPC composites were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, XPS, TGA, SEM, TEM, BET. The electrochemical performance of the composites was tested in three-electrode supercapacitors using 1 M Na<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> aqueous solution as an electrolyte. Due to the large amounts of hierarchical pores and large pore volume, the as-prepared composites exhibited good electrochemical performance. Electrochemical measurements indicated that the MnO<SUB>2</SUB>/BPC composites applied in supercapacitors had a specific capacitance of 139.6 F g<SUP>−1</SUP> at 300 mA g<SUP>−1</SUP>, and exhibited a good cycling stability with a capacitance retention ratio of 92.3% after 1000 cycles (at 1 A g<SUP>−1</SUP>). The MnO<SUB>2</SUB>/BPC composites with 3D porous structure are promising materials in the application of supercapacitors.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> MnO<SUB>2</SUB>/BPC composites have been prepared by a hydrothermal method. </LI> <LI> The banana peel derived carbon served as a substrate in MnO<SUB>2</SUB>/BPC composites. </LI> <LI> The MnO<SUB>2</SUB>/BPC composites exhibit good specific capacitance and cycling stability. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>