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방한 중국관광객이 지각한 서울관광지이미지가 관광만족도와 충성도에 미친 영향에 관한 연구
진남,교광휘,이용일 남서울대학교 2009 남서울대학교 논문집 Vol.15 No.1
Typically we can not see it intangibly in the pre-purchase. When compared tourism product to other products, we swallow the uncertain and risk purchase in large quantity. Therefore, tourists' expectations for tourism attractions based on the image, active and intensive navigation through the tourists' information that they need to travel, they will get the positive and unique tourism attractions and they will select the good image.The study selected Chinese tourists as target population, and tried to find the impacts of tourism destination image of Seoul, tourism satisfaction & tourism loyalty to Seoul. Literature research and survey were used in this study.Among Chinese tourists' demographic characteristics, except gender, age, income, the other variables like educational level, marital level and jobs all have obvious differences with tourism destination image of Seoul.Multi- regression analysis also revealed that tourism destination image of Seoul has a positive correlation with tourism satisfaction & tourism loyalty. In the end the insufficiency of this study is put forward and recommendations on the future study are also given. Key Words : Seoul's Tourism Destination Image, Tourism Satisfaction, Tourism Loyalty, Chinese Tourist
할로아세틸시코닌 유도체의 합성 및 항암성 평가 : Synthesis and Evaluation of Antitumor Activity
鄭相國,金光洙,송규용,조훈,안병준 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1998 藥學論文集 Vol.14 No.-
The secondary hydroxy group at side chain of shikonin structure was selectively acylated with various haloacetic acids in presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 4-dimethylaminopyridine to produce haloacetylshikonin derivatives. The cytotoxicity of monohaloacetylshikonin derivatives against L1210 cells increased in the following order: monochloroacetylshikonin (ED_50, 0.142 ㎍/㎖) nonobromoacetylshikonin (ED_50, 0.158㎍/㎖)>monoiodoacetylshikonin (ED_50, 0.173 ㎍/㎖). Introduction of larger halogen atoms decreased the cytotoxic activity, presumably due to steric hinderance. The cytotoxicity of chloroacetylshikonin derivatives was dependent on the number of chlorine atom, thus increasing in the following order : trichloroacetylshikonin (0.032 ㎍/㎖)>dichloroacetylshikonin (0.059 ㎍/㎖)> monochloroacetylshikonin (ED_50, 0.142 ㎍/㎖). Thus, the electron-withdrawing effect seems to be important for the cytotoxicity of chloracetylshikonin derivatives. Consistent with the above, dichloracetylshikonin (T/C, 182%) and trifluoroacetylshikonin (195%) showed higher T/C values than monochloroacetyl-(T/C, 122%), monobromoacetyl-(T/C, 154%) and monoiodoacetylshikonin (T/C, 117%) derivatives. Haloacetylshikonin derivatives showing lower cytotoxic activities against L1210 cells exhibited lower T/C values. It seems that there is a relationship between the cytotoxicity of haloacetylshikonin and their antitumor activity.
한국인 및 중국 한족 정신분열병 환자의 5-HT2A 수용체 유전자 -1438A/G 다형성
이장호,이광철,이승부,오용인,최영근,조아랑,정주호,장환일 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.1
Objectives : The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between -1438A/G polymorphism of 5-HT2A receptor gene and schizophrenia in Korean and Han Chinese population. Methods : A sample of 184 Korean patients with schizophrenia and 96 Korean healthy normal controls and 96 Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia and 96 Han-Chinese healthy normal controls were genotyped for a single nucleotide polymorphism with in 5-HT2A receptor gene (promoter region, A-1438G) by Msp I Resthction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). Results : There was no difference in allelic frequencies and genotype frequencies of -1438A/G polymorphism between Korean schizophrenics and controls (p=0.13) and Han Chinese schizophrenics and controls (p=0.40). Also, -1438A/G Poly-morphism did not show ethnical difference between Korean and Han Chinese controls. The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) scores showed no significant differences between genotypes of -1438A/G polymorphism in both of Korean and Han Chinese schizophrenics. Conclusion : These results suggest that -1438A/G polymorphism of the 5-HT2A receptor gene is not causally related to the development of schizophrenia in Korean and Han Chinese population, and there no ethnic difference between Korean and Han Chinese population.
( Yong Tae Jeong ),( Yong Deuk Kim ),( Young Mi Jung ),( Dong Chan Park ),( Dong Sub Lee ),( Sae Kwang Ku ),( Xian Li ),( Yue Lu ),( Guang Hsuan Chao ),( Keuk Jun Kim ),( Jai Youl Lee ),( Moon Chang B 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2013 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.23 No.0
Low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF) is widely used to treat metabolic disorders, but its physiologic effects have not been well determined. In the present study, we investigated the metabolic effects of LMWF in obese diabetic mice (leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice) and the underlying molecularmechanisms involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-responsive L6 myotubes. The effect of LMWF-mediated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation on insulin resistance via regulation of the ER stress-dependent pathway was examined in vitro and in vivo. In db/db mice, LMWF markedly reduced serum glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein levels, and gradually reduced body weights by reducing lipid parameters. Furthermore, it effectively ameliorated glucose homeostasis by elevating glucose tolerance. In addition, the phosphorylation levels of AMPK and Akt were markedly reduced by ER stressor, and subsequently, glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation were also reduced. However, these adverse effects of ER stress were significantly ameliorated by LMWF. Finally, in L6 myotubes, LMWF markedly reduced the ER stress-induced upregulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin-p70S61 kinase network and subsequently improved the action of insulin via AMPK stimulation. Our findings suggest that AMPK activation by LMWF could prevent metabolic diseases by controlling the ER stress-dependent pathway and that this beneficial effect of LMWF provides a potential therapeutic strategy for ameliorating ER stress-mediated metabolic dysfunctions.
Changes in the Expression of Ras-family Genes in Rats Exposed to Formaldehyde by Inhalation
Guang-Yong Li,Hye-Young Lee,You-Jin Choi,Mi-Ock Lee,Ho-Sang Shin,Hyeon-Young Kim,Sung-Bae Lee,Byung-Hoon Lee 한국독성학회 2008 Toxicological Research Vol.24 No.3
Exposure to formaldehyde (FA) is closely associated with adverse health effects such as irritation, inflammation, and squamous cell carcinomas of the nasal cavities. Owing to its rapid metabolism and elimination, exposure to FA does not always result in an increased concentration in blood or urine of animals and humans. Therefore, the development of biomarkers for FA exposure is necessary for risk assessment. In the present study, the effects of FA were investigated on the expression of genes involved in the MAPK pathway in vitro and results confirmed in rats exposed to FA by inhalation. Treatment of Hs 680.Tr human tracheal epithelial cells with FA induced gene expression for PDGFA, TNFSF11, SHC1, and HRAS. HRAS expression was also increased in tracheas of rats exposed to FA. In addition, FA exposure induced the expression of RASSF4, a member of the Rasassociation domain family of Ras effectors, in rat tracheas. In conclusion, data showed FA-inducible expression of genes involved in the MAPK pathway occurred and increased expression of HRAS and RASSF4 was noted in rat tracheas subchronically exposed to FA by inhalation. These genes may serve as molecular targets of FA toxicity facilitating the understanding of the toxic mechanism.
Yong Luo,Ling Lan,Yong-Guang Jiang,Jia-Hui Zhao,Ming-Chuan Li,Neng-Bao Wei,Yun-Hua Lin 한국분자세포생물학회 2013 Molecules and cells Vol.36 No.2
Although cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a crucial role in seeding the initiation of tumor progression, they do not always possess the same potent ability as tumor metastasis. Thus, precisely how migrating CSCs occur, still remains unclear. In the present study, we first comparatively analyzed a series of prostate CSCs, which exhibited a dynamically increasing and disseminating ability in nude mice. We observed that the transcriptional activity of HIF-1 and -catenin became gradually elevated in these stem cells and their epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristic altered from an epithelial type to a mesenchymal type. Next, we further used cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which were cultured from surgically re-sected tissues of prostate cancer (PCa) to stimulate prostate CSCs. Similar results were reconfirmed and showed that the protein levels of both HIF-1 and -catenin were markedly improved. In addition, the EMT phenotype displayed a homogenous mesenchymal type, accompanied with increased aggressive potency in vitro. Most importantly, the aforementioned promoting effect of CAFs on prostate CSCs was completely repressed after “silencing” the activity of -catenin by transfection of stem cells with ShRNA. Taken together, our observations suggest that prostate migrating CSCs, with a mesenchymal phenotype, could be triggered by CAFs in a HIF-1alpha/beta-catenin-depen-dent signaling pathway.
Apoptosis Inducing Effects of 6-Methoxydihydrosanguinarine in HT29 Colon Carcinoma Cells
Yong-Jin Lee,Hu-Quan Yin,Young-Ho Kim,Guang-Yong Li,Byung-Hoon Lee 대한약학회 2004 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.27 No.12
6-Methoxydihydrosanguinarine (6ME), a benzophenanthridine alkaloid derived from the methanol extracts of Hylomecon hylomeconoides, showed a dose-dependent effect at 1-10 μM on causing apoptotic cell death in HT29 colon carcinoma cells (IC50 = 5.0 ± 0.2 μM). Treatment of HT-29 cells with 6ME resulted in the formation of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Treatment of the cells with 6ME caused activation of caspase-3, -8 and 9 protease and subsequent proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase. 6ME increased the expression of p53 and Bax and decreased the expression of Bid. These results indicate that p53 and proapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins might participate in the antiproliferative activity of 6ME in HT29 cells.
Chemical Mechanical Planarization of Silicon Wafers at Natural pH for Green Manufacturing
Yong-Guang Wang,Yao Chen,Yong-Wu Zhao 한국정밀공학회 2015 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.
In order to eliminate the disposal issues of toxic chemicals in chemical mechanical planarization, a water-based ultra-polishing experiment with alumina abrasives was investigated for silicon wafer based on Box-behnken theory. It was found that the material removal rate (MRR) was sensitive to pH value, more sensitive to the slurry flow rate, and most sensitive to the oxidizer concentration. Under the optimal conditions of oxidizer concentration (0.44%), slurry flow rate (71.86 mL/min), and natural pH (pH: 7), the highest MRR was derived. Finally, a confuse-understanding of pH on material removal was addressed as well. It was pointed out that the increase in pH leads to the initial decrease in MRR, followed by a rapid increase as pH exceeds 11.