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한국인 및 중국 한족 정신분열병 환자의 5-HT2A 수용체 유전자 -1438A/G 다형성
이장호,이광철,이승부,오용인,최영근,조아랑,정주호,장환일 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.1
Objectives : The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between -1438A/G polymorphism of 5-HT2A receptor gene and schizophrenia in Korean and Han Chinese population. Methods : A sample of 184 Korean patients with schizophrenia and 96 Korean healthy normal controls and 96 Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia and 96 Han-Chinese healthy normal controls were genotyped for a single nucleotide polymorphism with in 5-HT2A receptor gene (promoter region, A-1438G) by Msp I Resthction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). Results : There was no difference in allelic frequencies and genotype frequencies of -1438A/G polymorphism between Korean schizophrenics and controls (p=0.13) and Han Chinese schizophrenics and controls (p=0.40). Also, -1438A/G Poly-morphism did not show ethnical difference between Korean and Han Chinese controls. The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) scores showed no significant differences between genotypes of -1438A/G polymorphism in both of Korean and Han Chinese schizophrenics. Conclusion : These results suggest that -1438A/G polymorphism of the 5-HT2A receptor gene is not causally related to the development of schizophrenia in Korean and Han Chinese population, and there no ethnic difference between Korean and Han Chinese population.
Guang-Ren Duan,Qin Zhao,Tianyi Zhao 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2024 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.22 No.1
The high-order fully actuated system (HOFAS) approach has recently been proposed, aiming at establishing a unified architecture for control of general nonlinear systems. Its core idea is to firstly obtain a HOFAS model for a dynamical system, and then to cancel the nonlinearity using the full-actuation property. Based on this, the control problem of both linear and many types of nonlinear systems is finally turned into a specific eigenstructure assignment problem of a particular matrix pair. Because of this, the specific eigenstructure assignment problem is considered as the fundamental problem of the HOFAS approach, and is investigated in detail in this paper. A general parametric solution is established in an iterative form with all the degrees of freedom provided, and special solutions for some commonly used cases are also given. These form a database for various design problems and provide some ready-to-use results. Finally, illustrative examples demonstrate the usage of the database.
Quaternion-based Satellite Attitude Control-A Direct Parametric Approach
Guang-Ren Duan 제어로봇시스템학회 2014 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.10
In this paper, the dynamical model in a matrix second-order nonlinear form with respect to the quaternion coordinates is firstly established for the attitude system of a satellite, which is complete in the sense that no approximation is taken. Then, with the help of a recently proposed general parametric design approach for general fully-actuated second-order nonlinear systems, a direct parametric approach for satellite attitude control via proportional plus derivative quaternion feedback is proposed, which gives a complete parametrization of the pair of feedback gains. The approach possesses two important features. Firstly, with the proposed controller parametrization, the satellite attitude system, though highly nonlinear, can be turned into a constant linear system with desire eigenstructure. Secondly, in such a design there are still degrees of freedom which may be further utilized to improve the system performance. An example is considered to demonstrate the use of the proposed approach.
Parametric Control of Quasi-linear Systems via State Feedback
Guang-Ren Duan 제어로봇시스템학회 2014 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.10
In the last decade, a complete parametric approach for multi-input linear systems has been proposed, which gives general parametrization of the state feedback gain, and at the same time, produces a complete parametric expression for the eigenvector matrices. In this paper, it is shown that such an approach can be generalized to a type of quasilinear systems with coefficient matrices containing the state variables and also a time-varying parameter vector. General complete parametrization of a quasi-linear state feedback controller is proposed based on the solution to a type parametervarying generalized Sylvester matrix equations, which gives a linear closed-loop system with desired eigenstructure. What is more, in such a realization the linear closed-loop system can often be made constant. The approach also provides all the degrees of freedom which may be further utilized to improve the system performance. An example demonstrates the proposed parametric approach.
Guang Ren Duan,Ya-Jun Gao 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2020 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.18 No.8
In this paper, based on the inverse of block companion matrix pencils associated with matrix polynomials, a first-order state-space realization in descriptor system form for a general high-order linear system is derived. An important feature of the proposed realization is that it allows the high-order linear system to be singular. While in the case that the high-order system is nonsingular, two realizations in normal state-space system forms are directly deduced. With the help of the proposed realization, a generalized Popov Belevitch Hautus (PBH) criterion for highorder systems is then established in terms of the original system matrix polynomials. Examples are studied which well demonstrate the proposed theories.
임광욱 ( Guang Xu Ren ) 경희대학교 인문학연구원 2014 인문학연구 Vol.0 No.26
수많은 단어에서 숫자는 오랜 역사를 자랑하는 단어 중의 한 부분이다. 숫자가 우리의 생활에 나타나 오늘날에 이르기까지 누구도 떠날 수 없는 존재로 자리 잡았다. 그러한 과정에서 우리는 숫자에 여러 가지 문화를 부여하였고, 또 양이나 순서를 나타내는 숫자의 기본 기능을 초월하여 문화로서의 숫자로 늘 이용하게 되었다. 본고는 중국과 한국의 TV 방송 프로그램의 명칭과 일부 브랜드에 사용된 숫자를 통하여 중국과 한국에서의 숫자 활용에서의 같은 점과 다른 점을 살펴보았다. 수 문화의 발전 상황이 다르고, 특히 언어의 각자 특징으로 인해 중·한 양국은 비슷한 수 문화를 갖고 있지만 그 활용에서는 다른 양상을 보이고 있다. 수 문화가 풍부한 중국은 여직도 전통적인 수단으로 전통적인 숫자를 사용하고 있으면서 최근에 와서 일부 새로운 모습을 보이고 있다. 한글의 특징으로 인해 수 문화의 활용에서 약간 제약을 받고 있는 한국에서는 전통적인 수 문화에 비하여 새로운 수단으로, 새로운 방식으로 숫자를 사용하고 있다. Numbers are parts of the words that have long histories. Numbers appeared, have been developed and become irreplaceable in our lives. During this process, numbers become cultural, and begin to be used as words which are not just referring to the amount or the sequence. In this paper, I try to figure out the similarities and differences between Chinese language and language of South Korea though comparing some of the numbers appeared in the TV shows and brand names. China and Korea have similar number cultures, still the application of numbers are quite different. In China, where the number cultures are rich, people use traditional numbers in traditional ways, until recent years. On the contrary, in South Korea, where the application of numbers is restricted by the characteristics of the language, people use numbers in new ways.