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Grzegorz Ludwik Golewski 국제구조공학회 2017 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.62 No.1
This paper describes laboratory tests carried out to evaluate the influence of class F fly ash (FA) on fracture toughness of plain concretes, specified at the third model fracture. Composites with the additives of: 0%, 20% and 30% siliceous FA were analysed. Fracture toughness tests were performed on axial torsional machine MTS 809 Axial/Torsional Test System, using the cylindrical specimens with dimensions of 150/300 mm, having an initial circumferential notch made in the half-height of cylinders. The studies examined effect of FA additive on the critical stress intensity factor KIIIc. In order to determine the fracture toughness KIIIc a special device was manufactured.The analysis of the results revealed that a 20% FA additive causes increase in KIIIc, while a 30% FA additive causes decrease in fracture toughness. Furthermore, it was observed that the results obtained during fracture toughness tests are convergent with the values of the compression strength tests.
The Use of Surface Interpolation Methods for Landslides Monitoring
Grzegorz Lenda,Marcin Ligas,Paulina Lewi ska,Anna Szafarczyk 대한토목학회 2016 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.20 No.1
The subject of this study is selection of mathematical description (interpolation method) of landslides surface for the purpose of periodic control of terrain movements. Monitoring of landslides, considered in this work, concerns points of periodic GPS or tacheometric measurements carried out in a relatively regular grid. For economic reasons, the grid usually consists of limited group of about several dozen of points that do not allow for an exact description of the terrain surface, nevertheless a general movement of a landslide can be detected (observed). Replacement of discrete set of points to a continuous surface model allows for a better assessment of the phenomenon especially within the scope of its main directions of activity. The choice of best performing interpolation method in order to construct a reliable numerical terrain model was performed through tests carried out on complex model surfaces. These model surfaces encompassed various configurations of terrain relief. In this study four interpolation methods i.e. splines, kriging triangulation with linear interpolation and IDW are compared. Tests on model surfaces distinguished the method of splines as the best performing one as well as the method of kriging which is suitable in some instances. The selected method of splines was then applied to periodically monitored landslide in Milówka in the south of Poland. Interpolation by means of splines allowed for observing progressive movements of the landslide surface with accuracy up to several millimeters. This confirms the usefulness and reliability of this method in landslides monitoring. Specialized field: Surveying & Geo-Spatial Engineering : Deformation Surveying
On fixed points on compact Riemann surfaces
Grzegorz Gromadzki 대한수학회 2011 대한수학회보 Vol.48 No.5
A point of a Riemann surface X is said to be its fixed point if it is a fixed point of one of its nontrivial holomorphic automorphisms. We start this note by proving that the set Fix(X) of fixed points of a Riemann surface X of genus g≥ 2 has at most 82(g-1) elements and this bound is attained just for X having a Hurwitz group of automorphisms, i.e., a group of order 84(g-1). The set of such points is invariant under the group of holomorphic automorphisms of X and we study the corresponding symmetric representation. We show that its algebraic type is an essential invariant of the topological type of the holomorphic action and we study its kernel, to find in particular some sufficient conditions for its faithfulness.
Grzegorz Lenda,Marcin Ligas,Urszula Marmol 대한토목학회 2014 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.18 No.2
Shell structures belong to a characteristic group of objects for which it is essential to know the magnitude and distribution of localdeformations of the coat. Deformations may be important both in terms of stability, as well as special functions performed by theseobjects. While survey instruments usually ensure the required accuracy of the measurements, the methods for providing amathematical description of the shape of shells do not always allow for a correct detection of deformations. This paper comparesseveral methods of approximation potentially useful for making a precise description of the shape of a given shell object. Splinefunctions, as the most versatile tool in terms of description of objects shape, were adopted as the base method. For comparisonpurposes, according to the shape of the object in question, kriging and Fourier series methods were selected. Particular attention hasbeen paid to the accuracy aspect, which has enabled deformations to be determined within centimeter or subcentimeter accuracy. Results of the study revealed the greatest overall accuracy of spline functions. This accuracy however decreases quickly when theobservations become more irregular. Both, the past and future studies of the authors focus on integrating the best features of thedescribed methods in order to ensure a high accuracy of the created models. The results may be useful not only in surveying but alsoin other fields associated with the approximation of surfaces based on measurement data.
Grzegorz Da˛browski,Iwona Konopka,Sylwester Czaplicki 한국식품과학회 2018 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.27 No.3
This study was conducted to show impact of supercritical fluid extraction using pure SC-CO2 or SCCO2 enriched by 2, 6, and 10% of acetone, simultaneously varied by the extraction time (1 vs. 5 h), on the quality of chia seed oils. Obtained oils were relatively similar in the fatty acid composition, but they differed in total content of phytochemicals (from 4956 to 6391 mg/kg of oil). Among them, three oils were the most different: oil extracted 1 h with pure SC-CO2 (the most abundant in squalene, sterols, and tocopherols), oil extracted 5 h with pure SC-CO2 (the poorest in squalene, polyphenols, and carotenoids, with medium level of sterols and tocopherols) and oil extracted 1 h with SC-CO2 enriched by 10% acetone (the most abundant in polyphenols and carotenoids). Such unique chia oils can be valuable for special market needs, such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, functional food or diet supplement production.
The North Korean Nuclear Crisis and U.S.-led Missile Defense Responses in Probabilistic Analysis
Grzegorz Nycz 한국학술연구원 2018 Korea Observer Vol.49 No.3
The paper examines the set of responses to North Korean ballistic and nuclear programs from the perspective of U.S.-supported diplomatic and military non-proliferation efforts with a special focus on missile defense. The XXI-century Pyongyang’s investments in securing the regime by weapons of mass destruction (nuclear-based deterrence) were seen as a potential source of serious international military conflict. Until the 2018 détente decades of sanctions aimed at dictatorial Pyongyang’s regime nuclear military programs showed the weaknesses of peaceful international attempts to limit dangerous WMD proliferation. Before 2018 Pyongyang under the Kim Jong Un regime reached strategic nuclear capacities through a provocative upgrade of its existing arsenal, proving the implemented sanctions-based measures to limit the North Korean ballistic and WMD armaments to be largely ineffective. The presented analysis employed the probabilistic model to analyze ballistic missile defense effectiveness as one of the discussed response options to the North Korean crisis by comparing the leakproof performance likelihood at various levels of single shot kill probability (SSKP) in scenarios of engaging additional interceptors against warheads attacking in a salvo.
The effect of partial transparency of spherical targets on TLS point clouds registration accuracy
Grzegorz Lenda,Urszula Marmol,Michał Buczek 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.7
Registering of point clouds from terrestrial laser scanning, is often carried out using spherical targets. Instead of expensive originaltargets, it is also possible to use other spherical elements. Such targets, encountered in practice, may be, for example, Styrofoamspheres, spheres built using 3D printers, spherical, milky lampshades. Most spheres which are used as substitutes, have a certaincommon feature: as a result of partial transparency of the material, the laser beam can penetrate inside, changing distancemeasurements. This applies both to glass spheres and a wide range of synthetic products. These materials may therefore have anegative effect on the accuracy of determining the centers of the reference spheres and, consequently, the accuracy of registrationpoint clouds in neighbouring scanners’ positions. This paper presents the results of the research studies allowing to assess this effect. Both the accuracy of determining the centers of the spherical targets, as well as the displacements occurring in the point cloudsmerged with their use were determined. Specialized field: Surveying & Geo-Spatial Engineering : Deformation Surveying
Grzegorz Ludwik Golewski 국제구조공학회 2019 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.71 No.3
The aim of this paper is to present the most important issues on the implementation, operation and maintenance of foundation for machines. The article presents the newest solutions both in terms of technology implementation as well as materials used in construction of such structures. Foundations for machines are special building structures used to transfer loads from an operating machine to the subsoil. The purpose of these foundations is not just to transfer loads, but also to reduce vibrations occurring during operation of the machine, i.e. their damping and preventing redistribution to other elements of the building. It should be noted that foundations for machines (particularly foundations for hammers) are the most dynamically loaded building structures. For these reasons, they require precise static and dynamic calculations, accuracy in their implementation and care for them after they have been made. Therefore, the paper in detail present the guidelines regarding: design, construction and maintenance of structures of this type. Furthermore, the most important parameters and characteristics of materials used for the construction of these foundations are described. As a result of the conducted analyzes, it was found that the concrete mix, in foundations for machines, should have a low water/binder ratio. For its execution, it is necessary to use broken aggregates from igneous rocks and binders modified with mineral additives and chemical admixtures. On the other hand, the reinforcement of composites should contain a large amount of structural reinforcement to prevent shrinkage cracks.
Grzegorz Ludwik Golewski 국제구조공학회 2023 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.86 No.4
The aim of this paper is to present a new sustainable ternary and quaternary binder by partially replacing ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with different percentages of supplementary cementitious materials. The motivation is to reduce our dependency on OPC to reduce CO2 emission and carbon foot print. As the main substitute for the OPC, siliceous fly ash was used. Moreover, silica fume and nanosilica were also used. During examinations the main mechanical parameters of concrete composites, i.e., compressive strength (fcm) and splitting tensile strength (fctm) were assed. The microstructure of these materials was also analysed. It was found that the concrete incorporating pozzolanic materials is characterized by a well-developed structure and has high values of mechanical parameters. The quaternary concrete containing: 80% OPC, 5% FA, 10% SF, and 5% nS have shown the best results in terms of good strength parameters as well as the most favourable microstructure, whereas the worst mechanical parameters with microstructure containing microcracks at phase interfaces were characterized by concrete with more content of FA additive in the concrete mix, i.e., 15%. Nevertheless, all concretes made on quaternary binders had better parameters than the reference one. It can be stated that sustainable concrete incorporating pozzolanic materials could be good substitute of ordinary concretes.
Grzegorz Babinski 한국외국어대학교 동유럽발칸연구소 1992 동유럽발칸연구 Vol.1 No.-
It is not easy to drow simple and clear conclusions from the comparison made in this short paper. For sure two extreme conclusions have to be excluded, namely, that both societies are quite similar or that both are completly different. Let me put it as another short conclusion: in some elements Korean and Polish society are very close to each other, while in many other dimensions they are very different. If we look at these differences and similarities, we can say, that Korea and Poland used to be more similar than they are now. It mreans, that recent rapid development and modernization of Korean society put this society much ahead in the process of technological and economic modernization, while Polish society, still in deep crisis, remained behind in many dimensions of life. But, on other hand, In Korea one can find more elements of traditional folk and peasnnt culture, even among city dwellers, than in Poland. I have not enough empirical data to compare such important elements of culture like the modernization of thinking in both societies. Modern or not modern thinking is not easy for empirical analysis, anyway, they could be sonmehow described. If we define the modern thinking as a thinking oriented on future, on rational analysis of situation and on economic competition with outside world, we find out, that Koreans are much modern than Poles. Koreans want to change their future, while many Poles, even influential politicians, try to change Poland's past. Koreans bel ive, that what is made in Korea, is, or at least should be better than products made in other countries. Majority of Poles think, that what is made in Poland, is, by definition, of lower quality than foreign products. Probably both Koreans and Poles are wrong in their general judgements, but Korean thinking is more optimistic, productive /it means - modern/. Koreans belive that they are on correct road to modernization and development. I an afraid, that majority of Poles are pessimistic about Poland's chance for real and quick development. Koreans live in atmosphere of economic success, Poles were constantly frustrated during last fifty years. Instead of going out of such frustration and look into the future, Poles think, that their future is determined by the fatalistic destiny or by strong and hostile powers.But is does not mean, that Korean and Polish societies will go on different roads or in different directions. There are many signs that also Polish roads to modernization and prosperity will be open.