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Vitamins and minerals for women: recent programs and intervention trials
Greiner, Ted The Korean Nutrition Society 2011 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol. No.
Women's nutrition has received little attention in nutrition programming, even though clinical trials and intervention trials have suggested that dietary improvement or supplementation with several nutrients may improve their health, especially in low-income settings, the main focus of this paper. Most attention so far has focused on how improvements in maternal nutrition can improve health outcomes for infants and young children. Adequate vitamin D and calcium nutrition throughout life may reduce the risk of osteoporosis, and calcium supplementation during pregnancy may reduce preeclampsia and low birth weight. To reduce neural tube defects, additional folic acid and possibly vitamin $B_{12}$ need to be provided to non-deficient women before they know they are pregnant. This is best achieved by fortifying a staple food. It is unclear whether maternal vitamin A supplementation will lead to improved health outcomes for mother or child. Iron, iodine and zinc supplementation are widely needed for deficient women. Multimicronutrient supplementation (MMS) in place of the more common iron-folate supplements given in pregnancy in low-income countries may slightly increase birth weight, but its impact on neonatal mortality and other outcomes is unclear. More sustainable alternative approaches deserve greater research attention.
Vitamins and minerals for women
Ted Greiner 한국영양학회 2011 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.5 No.1
Women’s nutrition has received little attention in nutrition programming, even though clinical trials and intervention trials have suggested that dietary improvement or supplementation with several nutrients may improve their health, especially in low-income settings, the main focus of this paper. Most attention so far has focused on how improvements in maternal nutrition can improve health outcomes for infants and young children. Adequate vitamin D and calcium nutrition throughout life may reduce the risk of osteoporosis, and calcium supplementation during pregnancy may reduce preeclampsia and low birth weight. To reduce neural tube defects, additional folic acid and possibly vitamin B12 need to be provided to non-deficient women before they know they are pregnant. This is best achieved by fortifying a staple food. It is unclear whether maternal vitamin A supplementation will lead to improved health outcomes for mother or child. Iron, iodine and zinc supplementation are widely needed for deficient women. Multimicronutrient supplementation (MMS) in place of the more common iron-folate supplements given in pregnancy in low-income countries may slightly increase birth weight, but its impact on neonatal mortality and other outcomes is unclear. More sustainable alternative approaches deserve greater research attention.
Composite deck construction for the rehabilitation of motorway bridges
R. Greiner,R. Ofner,H. Unterweger 국제구조공학회 2002 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.2 No.1
Traffic decks of steel or composite motorway bridges sometimes provide the opportunity of using the composite action between an existing steel deck and a reinforced concrete plate (RC plate) in the process of rehabilitation, i.e., to increase the load-carrying capacity of the deck for concentrated traffic loads. The steel decks may be orthotropic decks or also unstiffened steel plates, which during the rehabilitation are connected with the RC plate by shear studs, such developing an improved local load distribution by the joint behaviour of the two plate elements. Investigations carried out, both experimentally and numerically, were performed in order to quantitatively assess the combined static behaviour and to qualitatively verify the usability of the structure for dynamic loading. The paper reports on the testing, the numerical simulation as well as the comparison of the results. Conclusions drawn for practical design indicated that the static behaviour of these structures may be very efficient and can also be analysed numerically. Further, the results gave evidence of a highly robust behaviour under fatigue equivalent cyclic traffic loading.
유라시아에 걸친 위기의 활꼴(arc of crisis) 지대
번드 그라이너(Bernd Greiner),최현정(번역자) 서울대학교 아시아연구소 2016 아시아리뷰 Vol.5 No.2
2014년 후반, 독일은 동독 평화혁명 25주년을 기념했다. 지금도 여전하지만 당시로 돌아가서 보더라도, 비폭력적인 수단으로 혁명적인 변화를 추동한 1989년 11월의 사건은 기적과 같았다. 총칼이 맞부딪치던 냉전 상황 아래서, 그러한 결과는 그 누구도 예상치 못한 것이었다. 이런 전개는 독일과 남한이라는 두 국가의 역사 모두와 관련 있는 어떤 주제의 핵심에 이르도록 만들고, 이는 전혀 새로운 시점을 머릿속에 떠오르게 한다. 바로 1983년이다. 1983년은 핵무기 시대의 평화가 품고 있던 취약점이 두드러진 해이기도 했지만 무엇보다 우발적인 확전의 가능성, 즉 당사자들의 행위와 의도와는 무관하게 통제를 벗어나는 사건들의 위험성이 부각되었던 한 해였다. 연구자들이 수많은 사료를 발굴했지만 아직 냉전이라는 사건은 미결로 남아 있으며, 냉전의 뜨거워졌던 두 지역, 남한과 서독에서는 특히 그러하다. In late 2014, Germany celebrated the 25th anniversary of the peaceful revolution in its eastern region. In real-time and ever more so in retrospect, the events of early November, 1989 look like a miracle, because they ushered in a revolutionary change by non-violent means. Against the backdrop of the Cold War with its bristling armories, hardly anyone would have predicted such an outcome. And this observation takes you right into the heart of a topic related both to the German and South Korean histories and brings back to mind an altogether different time-frame: The year 1983. This very year not only highlights the fragility of peace in a nuclear age, but most of all, the potential for inadvertent escalation – namely the risk of events escalating out of control irrespective of the deeds and intentions of the player involved. Even though researchers have unearthed much material, the case is far from closed, not the least from the perspective of two Cold War hotspots like South Korea and West Germany.
Bruno Basler,Thomas Greiner 전력전자학회 2015 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2015 No.6
This paper shows a control strategy to improve energy consumption using a double three-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor. Focus is to significantly reduce the DC link power dissipation of the DC bus capacitor to exceed lifetime. In particular, shifted control technique is developed and implemented on a drive unit used in automotive industry to control the multi-phase fault-tolerant system. As a result, the DC link capacitor ripple current can be compensated by shifting the redundant three-phase systems towards each other. Conventional double three-phase PMSM is compared to the identical machine but with new control strategy. It is shown that the control strategy allows significant advantages without additional hardware and software measures.