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Fuzzy Modeling of a Piezoelectric Actuator
Morteza Mohammadzaheri,Steven Grainger,Mohsen Bazghaleh 한국정밀공학회 2012 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.
In this research, a piezoelectric actuator was modeled using fuzzy subtractive clustering and neuro-fuzzy networks. In the literature, the use of various modeling techniques (excluding techniques used in this article) and different arrangements of inputs in black box modeling of piezoelectric actuators for the purpose of displacement prediction has been reported. Nowadays, universal approximators are available with proven ability in system modeling; hence, the modeling technique is no longer such a critical issue. Appropriate selection of the inputs to the model is, however, still an unsolved problem, with an absence of comparative studies. While the extremum values of input voltage and/or displacement in each cycle of operation have been used in black box modeling inspired by classical phenomenological methods, some researchers have ignored them. This article focuses on addressing this matter. Despite the fact that classical artificial neural networks, the most popular black box modeling tools, provide no visibility of the internal operation, neuro-fuzzy networks can be converted to fuzzy models. Fuzzy models comprise of fuzzy rules which are formed by a number of fuzzy or linguistic values,and this lets the researcher understand the role of each input in the model in comparison with other inputs, particularly, if fuzzy values (sets) have been selected through subtractive clustering. This unique advantage was employed in this research together with consideration of a few critical but subtle points in model verification which are usually overlooked in black box modeling of piezoelectric actuators.
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Sung, Yong-Kiel,Kim, Sung-Wan,Grainger, D. W. 東國大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.27 No.-
Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-poly(ethylene oxide)-heparin(PDMS-PEO-Hep) 브락 공중 합체에 대한 벌크 및 표면특성을 각도의존 X-선 광전자 분광법(ADESCA), 시차 주사열량계법(DSC) 및 열중량분석법(TGA)에 의하여 연구하였다. 진공 또는 공기 중에서 용매로 처리하였을 때는 이 공중합체의 표면에 PDMS 상이 더 많이 나타났고, 수화된 상태에서는 표면구조에 재배치가 일어나서 헤파린 성분이 표면에 존재하여 생체활성이 있음을 보였다. PEO-Hep브랜드 및 PDMS-PEO-Hep 공중합체 내에 혼합된 상과 분리된 상의 영역이 있음을 밝혀냈다. 그 공중합체를 T_g값 이상에서 아닐링처리한 결과 혼합된 상의 영역에 상분리가 생겨서 PEO 상이 풍부함을 알았다. TGA분석에서 공중합체의 구조특성과 공중합체 중에 분자간 단위체 상호작용 및 상분리혼합체가 있음을 확인하였다. 그리고 ADESCA 분석에서 PEO와 Hep이 공중합체 표면으로부터 깊이 20A 근처에서 더 많이 분포되어 있고, PDMS는 표면에 더 많이 농축되어 있음을 알았다. 그 ADESCA와 DSC의 결과에 기초해서 수화된 상태와 건조된 상태에서의 공중합체 표면조성에 대한 모델을 제안했다. Previously ovserved bioactivity phenomena of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-poly(ethylene oxide)-heparin(PDMS-PEO-Hep) triblock copolymers have prompted studies of the surface and bulk character of this copolymer using angular-dependent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(ADESCA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were undertaken. Because the low energy PDMS phase dominates surfaces of this coplymer when solvent cast under air or vacuum conditions, attempts were made to explain surface restructuring and rearrangements induced in hydrated or aqueous environments that permit surface presence and bioactivity of heparin moieties. Based on comparisons with PDMS, PEO, and heparin homopolymers, PEO/heparin blends, and an unheparinized PDMS-PEO diblock copolymer, PDMS-PEO-heparin demonstrates phase-mixed and phase-separated regions in DSC analysis. During annelaling cycles above the Tg values of the copolymer constituents, phase mixed regions became increasingly phase separated and PEO enriched. TGA analysis confirmed the presence of block copolymer constituents and presented evidence of intermolecular segmental interactions, hence phase-mixing in the copolymers. ADESCA analysis demonstrated high degrees of surface enrichment by PDMS with increases in PEO and Hep signals in an under layer nearly 20A deep. Compositional models based on ADESCA and DSC data are presented for dessicated and hydrated copolymer surfaces.
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Synthesis and Characterization of Multiblock Copolymers Containing Polystyrene-Poly (ethylene oxide)
Sung, Yong Kiel,Kim, Yong Joo,Grainger, David W.,Kim, Sung Wan 東國大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.28 No.-
Polystyrene(PS)과 poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)의 메세상 분리 구조를 갖는 다브록 공중합체를 합성하고 그 공중합체의 소수성과 친수성에 따른 벌크 성징과 열적성질에 대하여 조사하였다. PS-PEO 다브록 공중합체를 FT-IR, NMR, UV로 확인하였으며 DSC와 TGA로 조성에 따른 열적성질을 조사하였다. PS와 PEO segments 사이에서 상분리와 상혼합의 정도를 DSC를 통하여 확인하였고, PEO함량에 따른 활성화 에너지를 TGA결과를 통하여 계산하였다. 또한 bulk morphology와 segment aggregation 상태와의 관계를 PS와 PEO 미세도메인 사이의 상혼합 및 상분리도에 의하여 논의 하였다. Multiblock copolymers of polystyrens (PS) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), exhibiting microphase separated structure, have been synthesized and investigated, PS-PEO multiblock copolymers were initially characterized in bulk by FT-IR, NMR, and UV spectroscopy. Subsequently, compositional effects on the thermal behavior of the multiblock copolymers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TGA). Degrees of both phase mixing and phase separation between PEO and PS segments were evidenced by DSC, and energies of chain activation appear to be a functioon of PEO content in the copolymers. Relationships between bulk morphology and segment aggregation states were discussed in terms of degrees of phase separation and phase mixing between PS and PEO microdomains.
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Omer A Raheem,Rowan G Casey,David J Galvin,Rustom P Manecksha,Haradikar Varadaraj,TED McDermott,Ronald Grainger,Thomas H Lynch 대한비뇨의학회 2012 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.53 No.4
Purpose: Historically, it was thought that hemorrhagic complications were increased with transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies (TRUS biopsy) of patients receiving anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy. However, the current literature supports the continuation of anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy without additional morbidity. We assessed our experience regarding the continuation of anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy during TRUS biopsy. Materials and Methods: A total of 91 and 98 patients were included in the anticoagulation/antiplatelet (group I) and control (group II) groups, respectively. Group I subgroups consisted of patients on monotherapy or dual therapy of aspirin, warfarin, clopidogrel, or low molecular weight heparin. The TRUS biopsy technique was standardized to 12 cores from the peripheral zones. Patients completed a questionnaire over the 7 days following TRUS biopsy. The questionnaire was designed to assess the presence of hematuria, rectal bleeding, and hematospermia. Development of rectal pain, fever, and emergency hospital admissions following TRUS biopsy were also recorded. Results: The patients’ mean age was 65 years (range, 52 to 74 years) and 63.5 years (range, 54 to 74 years) in groups I and II, respectively. The overall incidence of hematuria was 46% in group I compared with 63% in group II (p=0.018). The incidence of hematospermia was 6% and 10% in groups I and II, respectively. The incidence of rectal bleeding was similar in group I (40%) and group II (39%). Statistical analysis was conducted by using Fisher exact test. Conclusions: There were fewer hematuria episodes in anticoagulation/antiplatelet patients. This study suggests that it is not necessary to discontinue anticoagulation/antiplatelet treatment before TRUS biopsy. Purpose: Historically, it was thought that hemorrhagic complications were increased with transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies (TRUS biopsy) of patients receiving anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy. However, the current literature supports the continuation of anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy without additional morbidity. We assessed our experience regarding the continuation of anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy during TRUS biopsy. Materials and Methods: A total of 91 and 98 patients were included in the anticoagulation/antiplatelet (group I) and control (group II) groups, respectively. Group I subgroups consisted of patients on monotherapy or dual therapy of aspirin, warfarin, clopidogrel, or low molecular weight heparin. The TRUS biopsy technique was standardized to 12 cores from the peripheral zones. Patients completed a questionnaire over the 7 days following TRUS biopsy. The questionnaire was designed to assess the presence of hematuria, rectal bleeding, and hematospermia. Development of rectal pain, fever, and emergency hospital admissions following TRUS biopsy were also recorded. Results: The patients’ mean age was 65 years (range, 52 to 74 years) and 63.5 years (range, 54 to 74 years) in groups I and II, respectively. The overall incidence of hematuria was 46% in group I compared with 63% in group II (p=0.018). The incidence of hematospermia was 6% and 10% in groups I and II, respectively. The incidence of rectal bleeding was similar in group I (40%) and group II (39%). Statistical analysis was conducted by using Fisher exact test. Conclusions: There were fewer hematuria episodes in anticoagulation/antiplatelet patients. This study suggests that it is not necessary to discontinue anticoagulation/antiplatelet treatment before TRUS biopsy.
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Lee, Jang-Ho,Lee, Joon-Soo,Kwon, Woo-Saeng,Kang, Je-Yong,Lee, Dong-Yun,In, Jun-Gyo,Kim, Yun-Soo,Seo, Jiho,Baeg, In-Ho,Chang, Il-Moo,Grainger, Keith The Korean Society of Ginseng 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.2
Background: Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is an important medicinal herbs in Asia. However, ginseng varieties are less developed. Method: To developed ginseng varieties, a pure line selection method was applied in this study. Results: Gumpoong was testing of 4-yr-old specimens in 2002, the proportions of the below-ground roots that were rusty colored for Gumpoong was 1.29 in Daejeon and 1.45 in Eumseong, whereas the proportions for its yellow berry variant were 2.60 and 2.45 in the two regions, respectively. Thus the Gumpoong was resistant to root rust. Sunpoong has a high yielding property. Its average root weight is 70.6 g for 6-yr-old roots. Its yield is 2.9 kg/$1.62m^2$ and the rate of heaven- and earth-grade product is 20.9%, which is very high compared to 9.4% for Yunpoong. Sunone is resistance to root rot and the survival rate of 4-yr-old roots was 44.4% in 1997, whereas that of the violet-stem variant landrace was 21.7%. Sunhyang has content of arginyl-fructosyl-glucose (AFG), which produces the unique scent of red ginseng, is $95.1{\mu}mol/g$ and greater than the $30.8{\mu}mol/g$ of Chunpoong in 6-yr-old plants. Sunun and Cheongsun are being nurtured to protect genetic resources. Conclusion: Developed ginsneg varieties will be used as the basis for the protection of genetic resources and breeding.
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Jang-Ho Lee,Joon-Soo Lee,Woo-Saeng Kwon,Je-Yong Kang,Dong-Yun Lee,Jun-Gyo In,Yun-Soo Kim,Jiho Seo,In-Ho Baeg,Il-Moo Chang,Keith Grainger 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.2
Background: Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is an important medicinal herbs in Asia. However, ginsengvarieties are less developed. Method: To developed ginseng varieties, a pure line selection method was applied in this study. Results: Gumpoong was testing of 4-yr-old specimens in 2002, the proportions of the below-groundroots that were rusty colored for Gumpoong was 1.29 in Daejeon and 1.45 in Eumseong, whereas theproportions for its yellow berry variant were 2.60 and 2.45 in the two regions, respectively. Thus theGumpoong was resistant to root rust. Sunpoong has a high yielding property. Its average root weight is70.6 g for 6-yr-old roots. Its yield is 2.9 kg/1.62m2 and the rate of heaven- and earth-grade product is20.9%, which is very high compared to 9.4% for Yunpoong. Sunone is resistance to root rot and thesurvival rate of 4-yr-old roots was 44.4% in 1997, whereas that of the violet-stem variant landrace was21.7%. Sunhyang has content of arginyl-fructosyl-glucose (AFG), which produces the unique scent of redginseng, is 95.1 mmol/g and greater than the 30.8 mmol/g of Chunpoong in 6-yr-old plants. Sunun andCheongsun are being nurtured to protect genetic resources. Conclusion: Developed ginsneg varieties will be used as the basis for the protection of genetic resourcesand breeding. Jang-Ho Lee
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